cuda_ml_knn: Build a KNN model.

In cuda.ml: R Interface for the RAPIDS cuML Suite of Libraries

Build a KNN model.

Description

Build a k-nearest-neighbor model for classification or regression tasks.

Usage

cuda_ml_knn(x, ...)

## Default S3 method:
cuda_ml_knn(x, ...)

## S3 method for class 'data.frame'
cuda_ml_knn(
  x,
  y,
  algo = c("brute", "ivfflat", "ivfpq"),
  metric = c("euclidean", "l2", "l1", "cityblock", "taxicab", "manhattan", "braycurtis",
    "canberra", "minkowski", "lp", "chebyshev", "linf", "jensenshannon", "cosine",
    "correlation"),
  p = 2,
  neighbors = 5L,
  ...
)

## S3 method for class 'matrix'
cuda_ml_knn(
  x,
  y,
  algo = c("brute", "ivfflat", "ivfpq"),
  metric = c("euclidean", "l2", "l1", "cityblock", "taxicab", "manhattan", "braycurtis",
    "canberra", "minkowski", "lp", "chebyshev", "linf", "jensenshannon", "cosine",
    "correlation"),
  p = 2,
  neighbors = 5L,
  ...
)

## S3 method for class 'formula'
cuda_ml_knn(
  formula,
  data,
  algo = c("brute", "ivfflat", "ivfpq"),
  metric = c("euclidean", "l2", "l1", "cityblock", "taxicab", "manhattan", "braycurtis",
    "canberra", "minkowski", "lp", "chebyshev", "linf", "jensenshannon", "cosine",
    "correlation"),
  p = 2,
  neighbors = 5L,
  ...
)

## S3 method for class 'recipe'
cuda_ml_knn(
  x,
  data,
  algo = c("brute", "ivfflat", "ivfpq"),
  metric = c("euclidean", "l2", "l1", "cityblock", "taxicab", "manhattan", "braycurtis",
    "canberra", "minkowski", "lp", "chebyshev", "linf", "jensenshannon", "cosine",
    "correlation"),
  p = 2,
  neighbors = 5L,
  ...
)

Arguments

x	Depending on the context: A data frame of predictors. A matrix of predictors. A recipe specifying a set of preprocessing steps created from recipes::recipe(). A formula specifying the predictors and the outcome.
...	Optional arguments; currently unused.
y	A numeric vector (for regression) or factor (for classification) of desired responses.
algo	The query algorithm to use. For most workflows, pass one of {"brute", "ivfflat", "ivfpq"} or a KNN algorithm specification constructed using the cuda_ml_knn_algo_* family of functions. If the algorithm is specified by one of the cuda_ml_knn_algo_* functions, then values of all required parameters of the algorithm will need to be specified explicitly. If the algorithm is specified by a character vector, then parameters for the algorithm are generated automatically. Descriptions of supported algorithms: "brute": for brute-force, slow but produces exact results. "ivfflat": for inverted file, divide the dataset in partitions and perform search on relevant partitions only. "ivfpq": for inverted file and product quantization (vectors are divided into sub-vectors, and each sub-vector is encoded using intermediary k-means clusterings to provide partial information). Default: "brute".
metric	Distance metric to use. Must be one of {"euclidean", "l2", "l1", "cityblock", "taxicab", "manhattan", "braycurtis", "canberra", "minkowski", "lp", "chebyshev", "linf", "jensenshannon", "cosine", "correlation"}. The approximate algorithms support only "euclidean", "l2", "cosine", and "correlation". Default: "euclidean".
p	Parameter for the Minkowski metric. If p = 1, then the metric is equivalent to manhattan distance (l1). If p = 2, the metric is equivalent to euclidean distance (l2).
neighbors	Number of nearest neighbors to query. Default: 5L.
formula	A formula specifying the outcome terms on the left-hand side, and the predictor terms on the right-hand side.
data	When a recipe or formula is used, data is specified as a data frame containing the predictors and (if applicable) the outcome.

Value

A KNN model that can be used with the 'predict' S3 generic to make predictions on new data points. The model object contains the following:

• "knn_index": a GPU pointer to the KNN index.

• "algo": enum value of the algorithm being used for the KNN query.

• "metric": enum value of the distance metric used in KNN computations.

• "p": parameter for the Minkowski metric.

• "n_samples": number of input data points.

• "n_dims": dimension of each input data point.

Examples

library(cuda.ml)

if (interactive() && cuda_ml_backend_info()$runtime_installed) {
  library(MASS)
  library(purrr)

  set.seed(0)

  centers <- list(c(3, 3), c(-3, -3), c(-3, 3))

  gen_pts <- function(cluster_sz) {
    pts <- centers |>
      map(\(center) mvrnorm(cluster_sz, mu = center, Sigma = diag(2)))

    do.call(rbind, pts)
  }

  gen_labels <- function(cluster_sz) {
    seq_along(centers) |>
      sapply(\(x) rep(x, cluster_sz)) |>
      factor()
  }

  sample_cluster_sz <- 1000
  sample_pts <- cbind(
    gen_pts(sample_cluster_sz) |> as.data.frame(),
    label = gen_labels(sample_cluster_sz)
  )

  model <- cuda_ml_knn(
    label ~ ., sample_pts, algo = "ivfflat", metric = "euclidean"
  )

  test_cluster_sz <- 10
  test_pts <- gen_pts(test_cluster_sz) |> as.data.frame()

  predictions <- predict(model, test_pts)
  print(predictions, n = 30)
}

cuda.ml documentation built on Aug. 21, 2026, 9:14 a.m.