reco.bulk | R Documentation |
The function allows for bulk fitting of R_eco and GPP models with the respective functions reco
and gpp
. This is often appropriate because data are gathered over a season, a year or longer...
reco.bulk(formula, data, INDEX, window = 1, hook = "mean", remove.outliers = FALSE, fall.back = TRUE, ...) gpp.bulk(formula, data, INDEX, window = 1, hook = "mean", oot.id = c("D", "T"), min.dp = 5, Reco.m = NULL, ts.Reco = NULL, fall.back = TRUE, ...)
formula |
An object of class " |
data |
A data frame (or an object that can be coerced to that class by |
INDEX |
A vector of length |
window |
Both functions can fit the respective models across a moving window of adjacent |
hook |
Character string specifiying the kind of summary statistics used to fix a date and time to which the fitted model shall refer. Up to now this is simply achieved by doing one of these summary statistics on the timestamp: |
remove.outliers |
Logical. If |
oot.id |
Vector of length 2 that specifies which of the flux values derive from opaque (first value, i.e. R_eco measurements) and which derive from transparent (second value, i.e. NEE measurements) chamber measurements when |
min.dp |
Numeric. Specifies the minimum number of data points that are accepted per model. Defaults to 5 which is already quite a small number. |
Reco.m |
Either an object of class " |
ts.Reco |
POSIXlt or POSIXct vector with timestamps of the fluxes in |
fall.back |
Logical. When TRUE the function falls back to linear mean models when the non linear approach did not work out (for |
... |
Further arguments passed to |
Models are - comparable to regression models - specified symbolically. Accordingly, the basic form is response ~ terms
with response
always referring to CO2 exchange rates. For terms
requirements differ between the two methods. In contrast to other formula
e the response
and all terms
have to be in data
.
reco.bulk
expects a formula
of the form Reco
~ T1
+ ...
+ timestamp
with Reco
referring to CO2 fluxes estimated based on opaque chamber measurements (for instance with flux
), T1
referring to temperature readings relevant for Reco
(e.g. air temperature) and taken during the corresponding chamber measurements. The ...
symbolizes that several more temperature readings can be specified if available (e.g. temperature in soil at 2cm), as many as you want. When more than one temperature is specified models are fit for each temperature and the best one is determined via AIC
and reported together with the name of the corresponding temperature variable. Finally, timestamp
is referring to the POSIXt
timestamps that represent the dates and times of the corresponding measurements. timestamp
always has to be specified as the last term of the formula
. Models are fit using reco
.
gpp.bulk
expects a formula
of the form NEE
~ PAR
+ timestamp
+ ...
with NEE
referring to CO2 fluxes estimated based on transparent chamber measurements (for instance with flux
), PAR
referring to readings of the photosynthetically active radiation relevant for NEE
and taken during the corresponding chamber measurements. The ...
symbolizes that several more terms can or have to be specified. This depends on the approach to the R_eco part of the GPP modeling (see gpp
).
Approaches to estimate GPP values from measured NEE data using corresponding R_eco values:
Approach 1: Extract corresponding R_eco fluxes from the provided data that are assigned to corresponding NEE values via their timestamp: For this approach data
has to contain both NEE and R_eco fluxes and the model formula is specified as NEE
~ PAR
+ timestamp
+ oot
with the latter referring to a variable that indicates whether the respective fluxes were measured as NEE
(transparent chamber) or Reco
(opaque chamber or low PAR). In addition oot.id
may have to be changed accordingly. gpp2
is used for fitting the models.
Approach 2: Provide measured R_eco fluxes that are assigned to corresponding NEE values via their timestamp: To do this set ts.Reco
!= NULL
and Reco.m
a vector of R_eco fluxes and specifiy model with: NEE
~ PAR
+ timestamp
. gpp
is used for fitting the models.
Approach 3: Provide one R_eco model to predict R_eco fluxes at the time of the NEE measurements using the same temperature variable that was used to construct the model (with reco
). Specify model with: NEE
~ PAR
+ timestamp
+ temperature
. gpp
is used for fitting the models.
Approach 4: Provide several R_eco models to predict R_eco fluxes at the time of the NEE measurements using the same temperature variables that were used to construct the models (with reco.bulk
). The corresponding models are assigned to the NEE data via the timestamps that they carry. Specify model with: NEE
~ PAR
+ timestamp
+ temperature1
+ temperature2
+ temperature3
+ ...
. All temperatures that may have been used for fitting the R_eco models (see above) should be given. gpp
is used for fitting the models.
remove.outliers
may result in better R_eco models. One should be careful with this and watch out for cases in which too many data points are eliminated. The function returns the number of skipped outliers per model to do just that.
If fall.back
= TRUE
no failed model fits are reported. That's quite useful when further bulk methods like budget.reco
or budget.gpp
are used to get annual or seasonal budgets.
Both functions return complex list structures with models.
Output of reco.bulk
:
Object of class "breco
", a list with length(unique(INDEX))
elements, each containing 3 elements:
ts |
Timestamp of the model. |
mod |
Has itself two elements. The first contains the model object as returned by |
which.Temp |
Character string that identifies the temperature variable that was finally used for constructing the best model |
Output of gpp.bulk
:
Object of class "bgpp
", a list with length(unique(INDEX))
elements each containing itself 2 entries:
ts |
Timestamp of the model |
mod |
Either an object of class " |
Gerald Jurasinski, gerald.jurasinski@uni-rostock.de,
with suggestions by Sascha Beetz, sascha.beetz@uni-rostock.de
Beetz S, Liebersbach H, Glatzel S, Jurasinski G, Buczko U, Hoper H (2013) Effects of land use intensity on the full greenhouse gas balance in an Atlantic peat bog. Biogeosciences 10:1067-1082
reco
, gpp
, gpp2
, fluxx
, modjust
## Whole example is consecutive and largely marked as ## not run because parts take longer than ## accepted by CRAN incoming checks. ## Remove first hash in each line to run them. data(amd) data(amc) ### Reco ### ## do reco models with 3 campaign wide window and ## outlier removal (outliers according to models) # first extract opaque (dark) chamber measurements amr <- amd[amd$kind=="D",] ## Nor run ## ## do bulk fitting of reco models (all specified temperatures ## are tested and the best model (per campaign) is finally stored) #r.models <- reco.bulk(flux ~ t.air + t.soil2 + t.soil5 + #t.soil10 + timestamp, amr, amr$campaign, window=3, #remove.outliers=TRUE, method="arr", min.dp=2) # ## adjust models (BEWARE: stupid models with t1 >= 20 are skipped ## within the function, this can be changed) #r.models <- modjust(r.models, alpha=0.1, min.dp=3) # ## make data.frame (table) for overview of model parameters ## the temperature with which the best model could be fit is reported ## this information also resides in the model objects in r.models #tbl8(r.models) # #### GPP ### ### fit GPP models using method = Falge and min.dp = 5 ### and take opaque (dark, i.e. reco) measurements from data ## the function issues a warning because some campaigns have ## not enough data points #g.models <- gpp.bulk(flux ~ PAR + timestamp + kind, amd, amd$campaign, #method="Falge", min.dp=5) #tbl8(g.models) # ### alternative approaches to acknowledge reco when fitting GPP models ## we need only fluxes based on transparent chamber measurements (NEE) #amg <- amd[amd$kind=="T",] ## fit gpp models and predict reco from models #g.models.a1 <- gpp.bulk(flux ~ PAR + timestamp + t.air + t.soil2 + #t.soil5 + t.soil10, amg, amg$campaign, method="Falge", min.dp=5, #Reco.m=r.models) #tbl8(g.models.a1) ## have a look the model fits (first 10) #par(mfrow=c(5,6)) ## select only non linear fits #sel <- sapply(g.models.a1, function(x) class(x$mod$mg)=="nls") #lapply(g.models.a1[sel][1:10], function(x) plot(x$mod, single.pane=FALSE)) # ## fit gpp models with providing reco data ## to do so, rerun budget.reco with other start and end points #set.back <- data.frame(timestamp = c("2009-09-01 00:30", "2011-12-31 23:30"), #value = c(-999, -9999)) #set.back$timestamp <- strptime(set.back$timestamp, format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") #r.bdgt.a2 <- budget.reco(r.models, amc, set.back) ## now fit the models #g.models.a2 <- gpp.bulk(flux ~ PAR + timestamp, amg, amg$campaign, #method="Falge", units = "30mins", min.dp=5, Reco.m=r.bdgt.a2$reco.flux, #ts.Reco = r.bdgt.a2$timestamp) #tbl8(g.models.a2) # ## End not run ##
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