frag.mas | R Documentation |
Produces fragility indexes or fragility quotients for altering statistical significance of multiple meta-analyses with binary outcomes.
frag.mas(e0, n0, e1, n1, ma.id, data, measure = "OR", alpha = 0.05, mod.dir = "both", OR = 1, RR = 1, RD = 0, method = "DL", test = "z", ...)
e0 |
a numeric vector or the corresponding column name in the argument |
n0 |
a numeric vector or the corresponding column name in the argument |
e1 |
a numeric vector or the corresponding column name in the argument |
n1 |
a numeric vector or the corresponding column name in the argument |
ma.id |
a numeric vector or the corresponding column name in the argument |
data |
an optional data frame containing the dataset of the multiple meta-analyses with binary outcomes. If |
measure |
a character string indicating the measure of treatment effect (i.e., effect size) for the binary outcome. It should be one of |
alpha |
a numeric value between 0 and 1, indicating the statistical significance level (the default is 0.05). It determines the confidence level (1-α)\times100\% of the confidence interval when deriving the fragility index/quotient. |
mod.dir |
a character string indicating the direction of the confidence interval change due to event status modifications when the original confidence interval covers the null value (i.e., non-significance altered to significance). It is not used when significance is altered to non-significance. It should be one of |
OR |
a numeric positive value indicating the value of odds ratio under the null hypothesis (the default is 1). It is used only if the argument |
RR |
a numeric positive value indicating the value of relative risk under the null hypothesis (the default is 1). It is used only if the argument |
RD |
a numeric value between -1 indicating the value of risk difference under the null hypothesis (the default is 0). It is used only if the argument |
method |
a character string specifying the method for performing meta-analysis. It is the same with the argument in |
test |
a character string specifying how confidence intervals are derived. It is the same with the argument in |
... |
other arguments that can be passed to |
An object of classes "frag.mas"
and "frag.multi"
. The object is a list containing the following components:
measure |
measure of treatment effect (i.e., effect size). |
alpha |
pre-specified statistical significance level. |
null |
value of odds ratio, relative risk, or risk difference (specified by |
mod.dir |
the direction of the confidence interval change due to event status modifications when the original confidence interval covers the null value (i.e., non-significance altered to significance). |
est.ori |
the point estimates of the overall effect sizes based on the original datasets of the multiple meta-analyses. |
ci.ori |
the confidence intervals of the overall effect sizes based on the original datasets of the multiple meta-analyses. |
pval.ori |
the p-values of the overall effect sizes based on the original datasets of the multiple meta-analyses. |
FI |
fragility indexes of the multiple meta-analyses. |
FQ |
fragility quotients of the multiple meta-analyses. |
Atal I, Porcher R, Boutron I, Ravaud P (2019). "The statistical significance of meta-analyses is frequently fragile: definition of a fragility index for meta-analyses." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 111, 32–40. <doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.012>
Lin L, Chu H (2022). "Assessing and visualizing fragility of clinical results with binary outcomes in R using the fragility package." PLOS ONE, 17(6), e0268754. <doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268754>
frag.ma
for assessing fragility of a meta-analysis; and frag.studies
for assessing fragility of multiple individual studies.
## Load datasets of meta-analyses on nutrition support data(dat.ns) ## Assess fragility of the 11th, 12th, and 13th meta-analyses out1 <- frag.mas(e0, n0, e1, n1, ma.id, data = dat.ns[dat.ns$ma.id >= 11 & dat.ns$ma.id <= 13,], mod.dir = "one") out1 ## Generate bar plot or histogram to show fragility measures' distribution; ## see more options of usage in examples of frag.studies() plot(out1) ## Assess fragility of all meta-analyses ## in the Cochrane systematic review on nutrition support; ## it takes longer time out2 <- frag.mas(e0, n0, e1, n1, ma.id, data = dat.ns) out2 plot(out2) plot(out2, max.f = 40, cex.name = 0.6, mgp = c(2, 0.5, 0)) plot(out2, fragility = "FQ", breaks = 20)
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