knitr::opts_chunk$set( collapse = TRUE, comment = "#>" ) if (!requireNamespace("poorman", quietly = TRUE) || !requireNamespace("gt", quietly = TRUE)) { knitr::opts_chunk$set(eval = FALSE) } else { library(poorman) library(gt) }
Most of objects encountered throughout the {easystats} packages are "tables", i.e., a 2D matrix with columns and rows. In R, these objects are often, at their core, data frames. Let's create one to use as an example:
library(insight) df <- data.frame( Variable = c(1, 3, 5, 3, 1), Group = c("A", "A", "A", "B", "B"), CI = c(0.95, 0.95, 0.95, 0.95, 0.95), CI_low = c(3.35, 2.425, 6.213, 12.1, 1.23), CI_high = c(4.23, 5.31, 7.123, 13.5, 3.61), p = c(0.001, 0.0456, 0.45, 0.0042, 0.34) ) df
When I display in in the console (calling an object - e.g. df
- is actually equivalent to calling print(df)
), the output looks alright, but it could be improved. Some packages, such as {knitr}, have functions to create a nicer output. For instance, in markdown, so that it can be nicely rendered in markdown documents when copied:
knitr::kable(df, format = "markdown")
| Variable|Group | CI| CI_low| CI_high| p| |--------:|:-----|----:|------:|-------:|------:| | 1|A | 0.95| 3.350| 4.230| 0.0010| | 3|A | 0.95| 2.425| 5.310| 0.0456| | 5|A | 0.95| 6.213| 7.123| 0.4500| | 3|B | 0.95| 12.100| 13.500| 0.0042| | 1|B | 0.95| 1.230| 3.610| 0.3400|
Or HTML, which again makes it look great in HTML files (such as this webpage you're reading):
knitr::kable(df, format = "html")
The {insight} package also contains function to improve the "printing", or rendering, of tables. Its design dissociates two separate and independent steps: formatting and exporting.
The purpose of formatting is to improve a given table, while still keeping it as a regular R data frame, so that it can be for instance further modified by the user.
format_table(df)
As you can see, format_table()
modifies columns, turning number into characters (so that it has the same amount of digits), and detecting confidence intervals. This is usually combined with column-specific formatting functions, like format_p()
:
df %>% mutate(p = format_p(p, stars = TRUE)) %>% format_table()
With use_symbols = TRUE
, it is possible to render certain effect size names as symbols, if these are used as column names. Note that this only works on OS X or Linux, or on Windows from R 4.2 or higher.
x <- data.frame( phi_adjusted = 0.3, Glass_delta = 0.4, Epsilon2 = 0.7, R2 = 0.4 ) # standard output format_table(x) # column names of effect sizes as symbols format_table(x, use_symbols = TRUE)
In combination with export_table()
(see next section), this will give you nicely formatted tables.
export_table(format_table(x, use_symbols = TRUE))
The next step is exporting, which takes a data frame and renders it in a given format, so that it looks good in the console, or in markdown, HTML or latex.
export_table(df)
For markdown or HTML, simply change the format
argument to markdown ("md")...
export_table(df, format = "md")
...or HTML format.
export_table(df, format = "html")
This can be combined with format_table()
.
df %>% format_table(ci_brackets = c("(", ")")) %>% export_table(format = "html")
TODO: What about display?
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