robustness | R Documentation |
Robustness of ISA biclusters and PPA co-modules. The more robust biclusters/co-modules are more significant in the sense that it is less likely to see them in random data.
## S4 method for signature 'list' robustness(normed.data, ...) ## S4 method for signature 'matrix' isa.filter.robust(data, ...) ## S4 method for signature 'list' ppa.filter.robust(data, ...)
normed.data |
The normalized input data, usually calculated with
|
data |
The original, not normalized input data, a matrix for
|
... |
Additional arguments, see details below. |
robustness
can be called as
robustness(normed.data, row.scores, col.scores)
isa.filter.robust
can be called as
isa.filter.robust(data, normed.data, isares, perms = 1, row.seeds, col.seeds)
and ppa.filter.robust
can be called as
ppa.filter.robust(data, normed.data, ppares, perms = 1, row1.seeds, col1.seeds, row2.seeds, col2.seeds)
These arguments are:
The normalized input data, usually calculated with
isa.normalize
(for ISA) or
ppa.normalize
(for PPA).
The scores of the row components of the
biclusters. Usually the rows
member of the result list, as
returned by isa
, or isa.iterate
or some
other ISA function.
The scores of the columns of the biclusters, usually
the columns
member of the result list from
isa
.
The original, not normalized input data.
The result of ISA, coming from isa
or
isa.iterate
or any other function that return the same
format.
The number of permutations to perform on the input data.
Optionally the row seeds for the ISA run on the
scrambled data. If this and col.seeds
are both omitted the
same number of random seeds are used as for isaresult
.
Optionally the column seed to use for the ISA on the
scrambled input matrix. If both this and row.seeds
are
omitted, then the same number of random (row) seeds will be used as
for isares
.
The result of a PPA run, the output of the
ppa.iterate
or the ppa.unique
function (or any other function that returns the same format).
Optionally, the seeds based of the rows of the first input matrix, can be given here. Otherwise random seeds are used, the same number as it was used to find the original co-modules.
Optionally, the seeds based of the columns of the first input matrix, can be given here. Otherwise random seeds are used, the same number as it was used to find the original co-modules.
Optionally, the seeds based of the rows of the second input matrix, can be given here. Otherwise random seeds are used, the same number as it was used to find the original co-modules.
Optionally, the seeds based of the columns of the second input matrix, can be given here. Otherwise random seeds are used, the same number as it was used to find the original co-modules.
Even if you generate a matrix with uniform random noise in it, if you calculate ISA on it, you will get some biclusters, except maybe if you use very strict threshold parameters. These biclusters contain rows and columns that are correlated just by chance. The same is true for PPA.
To circumvent this, you can use the so-called robustness measure of the biclusters/co-modules. The robustness of a bicluster is the function of its rows, columns and the input data, and it is a real number, usually positive. It is roughly equivalent to the principal singular value of the submatrix (of the reordered input matrix) defined by the bicluster.
robustness
calculates the robustness score of a set of
biclusters/co-modules, usually coming from one or more ISA/PPA
iterations.
isa.filter.robust
provides filtering based on the robustness
measure. It reshuffles the input matrix and calculates ISA on it, with
the parameters that were used to find the biclusters under
evaluation. It then calculates the robustness for the modules that
were found in the scrambled matrix (if there is any) and removes any
modules from the data set that have a lower robustness score than at
least one module in the scrambled data.
You can think of isa.filter.robust
as a permutation test, but
the input data is shuffled only once (at least by default), because of
the relatively high computational demands of the ISA.
ppa.filter.robust
does essentially the same, but for PPA
co-modules.
robustness
returns a numeric vector, the robustness score of
each bicluster.
isa.filter.robust
returns a named list, the filtered
isares
, see the return value of isa.iterate
for
the structure of the list.
ppa.filter.robust
resturns a named list, the filtered
ppares
, see the return value of ppa.iterate
for
the structure of the list.
Gabor Csardi Gabor.Csardi@unil.ch
Bergmann S, Ihmels J, Barkai N: Iterative signature algorithm for the analysis of large-scale gene expression data Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2003 Mar;67(3 Pt 1):031902. Epub 2003 Mar 11.
Ihmels J, Friedlander G, Bergmann S, Sarig O, Ziv Y, Barkai N: Revealing modular organization in the yeast transcriptional network Nat Genet. 2002 Aug;31(4):370-7. Epub 2002 Jul 22
Ihmels J, Bergmann S, Barkai N: Defining transcription modules using large-scale gene expression data Bioinformatics 2004 Sep 1;20(13):1993-2003. Epub 2004 Mar 25.
Kutalik Z, Bergmann S, Beckmann, J: A modular approach for integrative analysis of large-scale gene-expression and drug-response data Nat Biotechnol 2008 May; 26(5) 531-9.
isa2-package for a short introduction on the Iterative
Signature Algorithm. See isa
for an easy way of running
ISA, ppa
for an easy way of running the PPA.
## A basic ISA work flow for a single threshold combination ## In-silico data set.seed(1) insili <- isa.in.silico() ## Random seeds seeds <- generate.seeds(length=nrow(insili[[1]]), count=100) ## Normalize input matrix nm <- isa.normalize(insili[[1]]) ## Do ISA isares <- isa.iterate(nm, row.seeds=seeds, thr.row=2, thr.col=1) ## Eliminate duplicates isares <- isa.unique(nm, isares) ## Calculate robustness rob <- robustness(nm, isares$rows, isares$columns) rob ## There are three robust ones and a lot of less robust ones ## Plot the three robust ones and three others if (interactive()) { toplot1 <- rev(order(rob))[1:3] toplot2 <- sample(seq_along(rob)[-toplot1], 3) layout( rbind(1:3,4:6) ) for (i in c(toplot1, toplot2)) { image(outer(isares$rows[,i], isares$column[,i]), main=round(rob[i],2)) } } ## Filter out not robust ones isares2 <- isa.filter.robust(insili[[1]], nm, isares) ## Probably there are only three of them left ncol(isares2$rows)
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