dihedral: Calculate the dihedral angle between two planes
In leafSTAR: Silhouette to Area Ratio of Tilted Surfaces
Description
Usage
Arguments
Details
Author(s)
References
Examples
Description
Calculate the minimum angle between two non-orthogonal planes, such as the angle describing leaf torsion, the angle between two halves of conduplicate or plicate leaves, the angle between the petiole and the branch, between two leaves and between two branches.
Usage
1
2
Arguments
plane1, plane2
Objects of class data.frame containing the angles of plane1 and plane2 and row labels.
Ahmes
Logical. Do data come from 'Ahmes'? Defaults to FALSE
ID
An optional vector with the labels of the observations. Defaults to NULL.
pitch1, pitch2
Numeric. The name of the variables containing the pitch angles of planes 1 and 2 in degrees. See details.
roll1, roll2
Numeric. The name of the variables containing the roll angles of planes 1 and 2 in degrees. See details.
course1, course2
Numeric. The name of the variables containing the course angles of planes 1 and 2 in degrees. See details.
horiz
Logical. Set the position of the start (zero, 0) of pitch, roll and tilt angle data. horiz = F indicates the zero is located at zenith. This is the reference system used by Ahmes. horiz = T indicates the start is at the horizon. To use tilt in further calculations (star, sal...), angle data should be expressed in the horizontal reference system (0 = horizon). Defaults to TRUE.
Details
pitch values span from 0 to 180 degrees. If horiz = TRUE (default) 0 and 180 refer to the flat horizontal surface and 90 refers to the flat vertical surface. If horiz = FALSE 0 and 180 refer to the flat vertical surface and 90 refers to the flat horizontal surface.
roll values span from 0 to 180 degrees.
course values span from 0 (North) to 360 degrees, clockwise. Course is the angle between north and the horizontal projection of a normal vector to the surface.
For a graphical explanation of leaf angles, see Fig. 2 in Escribano-Rocafort et al. (2014).
Author(s)
Agustina Ventre-Lespiaucq and Silvia Santamaria Bueno.
References
dihedral Santalo, L.A. (1970). Vectores y tensores con sus aplicaciones. p. 61, 8 Edicion. EUDEBA (eds), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Escribano-Rocafort, A.G., Ventre-Lespiaucq, A.B., Granado-Yela, C., Lopez-Pintor, A., Delgado, J.A., Munoz, V., Dorado, G.A., Balaguer, L. (2014). Simplifying data acquisition in plant canopies- Measurements of leaf angles with a cell phone. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5:132-140. doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12141.
orchids Ventre-Lespiaucq, A.B., Delgado, J.A., Ospina-Calderon, N.H., Otero, J.T., Escudero, A., Sanchez, M.A., Balaguer, L., Flanagan, N.S. (2017). A tropical epiphytic orchid uses a low-light interception strategy in a spatially heterogeneous light environment. Biotropica, 49:318-327. doi:10.1111/btp.12425.
Examples
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
data(orchids)
pseudobulbs<-subset(orchids,organ=="pseudobulb") #subset
leaves<-subset(orchids,organ=="leaf")
dihedral(plane1=pseudobulbs,plane2=leaves,Ahmes=FALSE,ID=NULL,pitch1=pseudobulbs$pitch,
roll1=pseudobulbs$roll,course1=pseudobulbs$course,pitch2=leaves$pitch,roll2=leaves$roll,
course2=leaves$course,horiz=FALSE)
#dihedral()
Example output
theta.rad theta.deg
[1,] 0.86676184 49.661795
[2,] 0.36123745 20.697381
[3,] 0.35980844 20.615505
[4,] 0.42068214 24.103311
[5,] 0.60270596 34.532508
[6,] 0.50411850 28.883862
[7,] 0.35882495 20.559155
[8,] 0.64234034 36.803390
[9,] 0.55052320 31.542656
[10,] 0.55234268 31.646905
[11,] 0.42401586 24.294319
[12,] 0.23068993 13.217560
[13,] 0.51851669 29.708818
[14,] 0.66783036 38.263861
[15,] 1.30243971 74.624299
[16,] 0.49802135 28.534522
[17,] 0.87209991 49.967644
[18,] 0.62855176 36.013363
[19,] 0.81349389 46.609767
[20,] 0.20944511 12.000321
[21,] 0.35637320 20.418680
[22,] 0.36734820 21.047502
[23,] 0.10474933 6.001694
[24,] 0.28989500 16.609760
[25,] 0.73169677 41.923137
[26,] 0.34839297 19.961447
[27,] 0.26180491 15.000317
[28,] 0.51255878 29.367455
[29,] 0.30230383 17.320734
[30,] 0.87140953 49.928088
[31,] 1.68119833 96.325569
[32,] 1.15477099 66.163504
[33,] 0.24984343 14.314974
[34,] 0.27109971 15.532869
[35,] 0.52881731 30.299000
[36,] 0.28880151 16.547108
[37,] 0.27421300 15.711247
[38,] 2.54996572 146.102274
[39,] 1.34509906 77.068499
[40,] 0.31561535 18.083428
[41,] 0.20856062 11.949644
[42,] 1.24303723 71.220787
[43,] 0.43947137 25.179855
[44,] 0.64706112 37.073871
[45,] 1.70690625 97.798524
[46,] 0.24882186 14.256443
[47,] 0.27553273 15.786862
[48,] 0.92569203 53.038246
[49,] 1.02073366 58.483731
[50,] 1.40920839 80.741693
[51,] 1.41481770 81.063083
[52,] 0.95386768 54.652592
[53,] 0.57211096 32.779543
[54,] 0.76869892 44.043204
[55,] 0.23782886 13.626590
[56,] 0.84277792 48.287618
[57,] 0.37412928 21.436028
[58,] 0.15946133 9.136461
[59,] 0.93571555 53.612552
[60,] 0.53026557 30.381979
[61,] 0.60655422 34.752997
[62,] 0.39624492 22.703162
[63,] 0.43347629 24.836362
[64,] 1.22314278 70.080919
[65,] 0.37148492 21.284518
[66,] 0.39945124 22.886870
[67,] 0.29537497 16.923739
[68,] 0.47644504 27.298290
[69,] 0.13060476 7.483102
[70,] 0.51326693 29.408029
[71,] 0.68327953 39.149033
[72,] 1.91645068 109.804536
[73,] 0.41610219 23.840899
[74,] 0.80803044 46.296734
[75,] 0.40015302 22.927079
[76,] 1.18801428 68.068204
[77,] 0.58005151 33.234503
[78,] 0.41205067 23.608765
[79,] 0.69023638 39.547632
[80,] 0.11745336 6.729582
[81,] 0.27870175 15.968434
[82,] 0.43700634 25.038619
[83,] 0.58096437 33.286806
[84,] 0.75278973 43.131675
[85,] 0.25608955 14.672850
[86,] 0.43676149 25.024590
[87,] 0.43717975 25.048555
[88,] 1.19224747 68.310748
[89,] 0.51256544 29.367836
[90,] 0.94902895 54.375353
[91,] 0.19970649 11.442339
[92,] 0.86202102 49.390166
[93,] 0.15025850 8.609178
[94,] 0.96227753 55.134441
[95,] 0.44567435 25.535259
[96,] 0.54405686 31.172162
[97,] 0.46416205 26.594526
[98,] 0.06298519 3.608786
[99,] 1.42952312 81.905641
[100,] 0.87454142 50.107532
[101,] 1.20875390 69.256497
[102,] 0.30910131 17.710200
[103,] 0.51315166 29.401424
[104,] 0.32047286 18.361742
[105,] 0.77513058 44.411711
[106,] 0.16895332 9.680312
[107,] 0.20084057 11.507317
[108,] 0.26773779 15.340245
[109,] 0.77298872 44.288991
[110,] 0.25382475 14.543087
[111,] 0.35498824 20.339328
[112,] 0.32376267 18.550234
[113,] 0.60868134 34.874872
[114,] 0.46325273 26.542426
[115,] 0.66850029 38.302245
[116,] 0.65723217 37.656629
[117,] 0.50081125 28.694371
[118,] 0.10912029 6.252132
[119,] 0.69681776 39.924717
[120,] 0.33678075 19.296116
[121,] 0.86176880 49.375715
[122,] 0.44273987 25.367126
[123,] 1.01260897 58.018220
[124,] 0.80712547 46.244883
[125,] 1.33314444 76.383550
[126,] 0.56472767 32.356512
[127,] 0.56991299 32.653609
[128,] 0.13949729 7.992606
[129,] 0.71979209 41.241049
[130,] 0.31531072 18.065974
[131,] 0.08031689 4.601819
[132,] 0.19311416 11.064626
[133,] 0.95629445 54.791636
[134,] 1.05769098 60.601229
[135,] 0.17519442 10.037901
[136,] 0.34663669 19.860819
[137,] 0.31489837 18.042347
[138,] 0.40977948 23.478635
[139,] 0.74388826 42.621658
[140,] 0.21442399 12.285589
[141,] 0.50034660 28.667748
[142,] 0.21421324 12.273514
[143,] 0.88856601 50.911082
[144,] 0.50490481 28.928914
[145,] 1.55711916 89.216356
[146,] 0.73362661 42.033708
[147,] 0.44183354 25.315197
[148,] 0.23596092 13.519565
[149,] 0.09668753 5.539787
[150,] 1.02131145 58.516835
[151,] 1.29161188 74.003910
[152,] 0.21747990 12.460680
[153,] 0.34280252 19.641138
[154,] 1.06192456 60.843795
[155,] 0.66052474 37.845280
[156,] 1.36766843 78.361629
[157,] 0.44136528 25.288368
[158,] 0.31103543 17.821017
[159,] 0.39423285 22.587878
[160,] 0.89159064 51.084381
[161,] 0.29961220 17.166515
[162,] 0.79637587 45.628976
[163,] 0.77993874 44.687198
[164,] 0.09069432 5.196402
[165,] 0.54098403 30.996102
[166,] 0.87197012 49.960208
[167,] 0.73147093 41.910197
[168,] 0.18085694 10.362339
[169,] 0.79965641 45.816938
[170,] 1.02070498 58.482088
[171,] 1.59801726 91.559644
[172,] 0.69989298 40.100914
[173,] 0.97048068 55.604447
[174,] 1.49876567 85.872947
[175,] 1.33863837 76.698329
[176,] 1.15059244 65.924091
[177,] 1.00302221 57.468940
[178,] 0.76034816 43.564741
[179,] 1.81474729 103.977360
[180,] 0.69494726 39.817545
[181,] 1.23196428 70.586354
[182,] 0.66092816 37.868394
[183,] 0.32368553 18.545815
[184,] 0.69505539 39.823740
[185,] 0.72842739 41.735815
[186,] 0.42336110 24.256804
[187,] 1.14836264 65.796333
[188,] 0.39326044 22.532164
[189,] 0.34818270 19.949399
[190,] 0.68898251 39.475790
[191,] 0.60992207 34.945960
[192,] 0.94856774 54.348928
[193,] 1.39422591 79.883260
[194,] 0.78456173 44.952076
[195,] 1.55720438 89.221239
[196,] 0.34299302 19.652053
[197,] 0.07234829 4.145251
[198,] 0.48899080 28.017109
[199,] 0.59814378 34.271114
[200,] 0.32427429 18.579548
[201,] 0.75240166 43.109440
[202,] 1.34391266 77.000523
[203,] 0.31373071 17.975446
[204,] 0.31119548 17.830188
[205,] 0.93488272 53.564834
[206,] 0.35040660 20.076819
[207,] 0.99400837 56.952485
[208,] 1.43880071 82.437208
[209,] 1.67777750 96.129570
[210,] 1.55346691 89.007098
[211,] 2.01893442 115.676421
[212,] 0.40285692 23.082001
[213,] 0.71891026 41.190524
[214,] 0.42296364 24.234031
[215,] 0.28250922 16.186586
[216,] 0.51626184 29.579625
[217,] 0.72414021 41.490178
[218,] 0.45117283 25.850299
[219,] 0.47868451 27.426602
[220,] 0.45284987 25.946386
[221,] 0.71003991 40.682290
[222,] 1.54230438 88.367532
[223,] 1.01346974 58.067539
[224,] 1.04787367 60.038739
[225,] 0.27249588 15.612864
[226,] 0.87816803 50.315322
[227,] 1.01534741 58.175121
[228,] 0.78001609 44.691630
[229,] 0.99182565 56.827424
[230,] 0.57490322 32.939528
[231,] 0.84071013 48.169142
[232,] 1.20926886 69.286002
[233,] 0.50848303 29.133931
[234,] 0.10002489 5.731004
[235,] 0.33575333 19.237249
[236,] 1.56202178 89.497255
[237,] 1.58669739 90.911064
[238,] 0.59576656 34.134910
[239,] 0.34124460 19.551875
[240,] 1.56620007 89.736654
[241,] 0.28854256 16.532271
[242,] 0.56619785 32.440747
[243,] 0.41649414 23.863356
[244,] 0.71250809 40.823706
[245,] 0.63234728 36.230830
[246,] 1.44520840 82.804342
[247,] 0.37832200 21.676254
[248,] 0.29515691 16.911245
[249,] 0.45446091 26.038692
[250,] 0.54408814 31.173954
leafSTAR documentation built on May 2, 2019, 3:35 p.m.
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Description Usage Arguments Details Author(s) References Examples
Description
Calculate the minimum angle between two non-orthogonal planes, such as the angle describing leaf torsion, the angle between two halves of conduplicate or plicate leaves, the angle between the petiole and the branch, between two leaves and between two branches.
Usage
1 2 |
Arguments
plane1, plane2 |
Objects of class data.frame containing the angles of plane1 and plane2 and row labels. |
Ahmes |
Logical. Do data come from 'Ahmes'? Defaults to FALSE |
ID |
An optional vector with the labels of the observations. Defaults to |
pitch1, pitch2 |
Numeric. The name of the variables containing the pitch angles of planes 1 and 2 in degrees. See details. |
roll1, roll2 |
Numeric. The name of the variables containing the roll angles of planes 1 and 2 in degrees. See details. |
course1, course2 |
Numeric. The name of the variables containing the course angles of planes 1 and 2 in degrees. See details. |
horiz |
Logical. Set the position of the start (zero, 0) of pitch, roll and tilt angle data. |
Details
pitch values span from 0 to 180 degrees. If horiz = TRUE (default) 0 and 180 refer to the flat horizontal surface and 90 refers to the flat vertical surface. If horiz = FALSE 0 and 180 refer to the flat vertical surface and 90 refers to the flat horizontal surface.
roll values span from 0 to 180 degrees.
course values span from 0 (North) to 360 degrees, clockwise. Course is the angle between north and the horizontal projection of a normal vector to the surface.
For a graphical explanation of leaf angles, see Fig. 2 in Escribano-Rocafort et al. (2014).
Author(s)
Agustina Ventre-Lespiaucq and Silvia Santamaria Bueno.
References
dihedral Santalo, L.A. (1970). Vectores y tensores con sus aplicaciones. p. 61, 8 Edicion. EUDEBA (eds), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Escribano-Rocafort, A.G., Ventre-Lespiaucq, A.B., Granado-Yela, C., Lopez-Pintor, A., Delgado, J.A., Munoz, V., Dorado, G.A., Balaguer, L. (2014). Simplifying data acquisition in plant canopies- Measurements of leaf angles with a cell phone. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5:132-140. doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12141.
orchids Ventre-Lespiaucq, A.B., Delgado, J.A., Ospina-Calderon, N.H., Otero, J.T., Escudero, A., Sanchez, M.A., Balaguer, L., Flanagan, N.S. (2017). A tropical epiphytic orchid uses a low-light interception strategy in a spatially heterogeneous light environment. Biotropica, 49:318-327. doi:10.1111/btp.12425.
Examples
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | data(orchids)
pseudobulbs<-subset(orchids,organ=="pseudobulb") #subset
leaves<-subset(orchids,organ=="leaf")
dihedral(plane1=pseudobulbs,plane2=leaves,Ahmes=FALSE,ID=NULL,pitch1=pseudobulbs$pitch,
roll1=pseudobulbs$roll,course1=pseudobulbs$course,pitch2=leaves$pitch,roll2=leaves$roll,
course2=leaves$course,horiz=FALSE)
#dihedral()
|
Example output
theta.rad theta.deg
[1,] 0.86676184 49.661795
[2,] 0.36123745 20.697381
[3,] 0.35980844 20.615505
[4,] 0.42068214 24.103311
[5,] 0.60270596 34.532508
[6,] 0.50411850 28.883862
[7,] 0.35882495 20.559155
[8,] 0.64234034 36.803390
[9,] 0.55052320 31.542656
[10,] 0.55234268 31.646905
[11,] 0.42401586 24.294319
[12,] 0.23068993 13.217560
[13,] 0.51851669 29.708818
[14,] 0.66783036 38.263861
[15,] 1.30243971 74.624299
[16,] 0.49802135 28.534522
[17,] 0.87209991 49.967644
[18,] 0.62855176 36.013363
[19,] 0.81349389 46.609767
[20,] 0.20944511 12.000321
[21,] 0.35637320 20.418680
[22,] 0.36734820 21.047502
[23,] 0.10474933 6.001694
[24,] 0.28989500 16.609760
[25,] 0.73169677 41.923137
[26,] 0.34839297 19.961447
[27,] 0.26180491 15.000317
[28,] 0.51255878 29.367455
[29,] 0.30230383 17.320734
[30,] 0.87140953 49.928088
[31,] 1.68119833 96.325569
[32,] 1.15477099 66.163504
[33,] 0.24984343 14.314974
[34,] 0.27109971 15.532869
[35,] 0.52881731 30.299000
[36,] 0.28880151 16.547108
[37,] 0.27421300 15.711247
[38,] 2.54996572 146.102274
[39,] 1.34509906 77.068499
[40,] 0.31561535 18.083428
[41,] 0.20856062 11.949644
[42,] 1.24303723 71.220787
[43,] 0.43947137 25.179855
[44,] 0.64706112 37.073871
[45,] 1.70690625 97.798524
[46,] 0.24882186 14.256443
[47,] 0.27553273 15.786862
[48,] 0.92569203 53.038246
[49,] 1.02073366 58.483731
[50,] 1.40920839 80.741693
[51,] 1.41481770 81.063083
[52,] 0.95386768 54.652592
[53,] 0.57211096 32.779543
[54,] 0.76869892 44.043204
[55,] 0.23782886 13.626590
[56,] 0.84277792 48.287618
[57,] 0.37412928 21.436028
[58,] 0.15946133 9.136461
[59,] 0.93571555 53.612552
[60,] 0.53026557 30.381979
[61,] 0.60655422 34.752997
[62,] 0.39624492 22.703162
[63,] 0.43347629 24.836362
[64,] 1.22314278 70.080919
[65,] 0.37148492 21.284518
[66,] 0.39945124 22.886870
[67,] 0.29537497 16.923739
[68,] 0.47644504 27.298290
[69,] 0.13060476 7.483102
[70,] 0.51326693 29.408029
[71,] 0.68327953 39.149033
[72,] 1.91645068 109.804536
[73,] 0.41610219 23.840899
[74,] 0.80803044 46.296734
[75,] 0.40015302 22.927079
[76,] 1.18801428 68.068204
[77,] 0.58005151 33.234503
[78,] 0.41205067 23.608765
[79,] 0.69023638 39.547632
[80,] 0.11745336 6.729582
[81,] 0.27870175 15.968434
[82,] 0.43700634 25.038619
[83,] 0.58096437 33.286806
[84,] 0.75278973 43.131675
[85,] 0.25608955 14.672850
[86,] 0.43676149 25.024590
[87,] 0.43717975 25.048555
[88,] 1.19224747 68.310748
[89,] 0.51256544 29.367836
[90,] 0.94902895 54.375353
[91,] 0.19970649 11.442339
[92,] 0.86202102 49.390166
[93,] 0.15025850 8.609178
[94,] 0.96227753 55.134441
[95,] 0.44567435 25.535259
[96,] 0.54405686 31.172162
[97,] 0.46416205 26.594526
[98,] 0.06298519 3.608786
[99,] 1.42952312 81.905641
[100,] 0.87454142 50.107532
[101,] 1.20875390 69.256497
[102,] 0.30910131 17.710200
[103,] 0.51315166 29.401424
[104,] 0.32047286 18.361742
[105,] 0.77513058 44.411711
[106,] 0.16895332 9.680312
[107,] 0.20084057 11.507317
[108,] 0.26773779 15.340245
[109,] 0.77298872 44.288991
[110,] 0.25382475 14.543087
[111,] 0.35498824 20.339328
[112,] 0.32376267 18.550234
[113,] 0.60868134 34.874872
[114,] 0.46325273 26.542426
[115,] 0.66850029 38.302245
[116,] 0.65723217 37.656629
[117,] 0.50081125 28.694371
[118,] 0.10912029 6.252132
[119,] 0.69681776 39.924717
[120,] 0.33678075 19.296116
[121,] 0.86176880 49.375715
[122,] 0.44273987 25.367126
[123,] 1.01260897 58.018220
[124,] 0.80712547 46.244883
[125,] 1.33314444 76.383550
[126,] 0.56472767 32.356512
[127,] 0.56991299 32.653609
[128,] 0.13949729 7.992606
[129,] 0.71979209 41.241049
[130,] 0.31531072 18.065974
[131,] 0.08031689 4.601819
[132,] 0.19311416 11.064626
[133,] 0.95629445 54.791636
[134,] 1.05769098 60.601229
[135,] 0.17519442 10.037901
[136,] 0.34663669 19.860819
[137,] 0.31489837 18.042347
[138,] 0.40977948 23.478635
[139,] 0.74388826 42.621658
[140,] 0.21442399 12.285589
[141,] 0.50034660 28.667748
[142,] 0.21421324 12.273514
[143,] 0.88856601 50.911082
[144,] 0.50490481 28.928914
[145,] 1.55711916 89.216356
[146,] 0.73362661 42.033708
[147,] 0.44183354 25.315197
[148,] 0.23596092 13.519565
[149,] 0.09668753 5.539787
[150,] 1.02131145 58.516835
[151,] 1.29161188 74.003910
[152,] 0.21747990 12.460680
[153,] 0.34280252 19.641138
[154,] 1.06192456 60.843795
[155,] 0.66052474 37.845280
[156,] 1.36766843 78.361629
[157,] 0.44136528 25.288368
[158,] 0.31103543 17.821017
[159,] 0.39423285 22.587878
[160,] 0.89159064 51.084381
[161,] 0.29961220 17.166515
[162,] 0.79637587 45.628976
[163,] 0.77993874 44.687198
[164,] 0.09069432 5.196402
[165,] 0.54098403 30.996102
[166,] 0.87197012 49.960208
[167,] 0.73147093 41.910197
[168,] 0.18085694 10.362339
[169,] 0.79965641 45.816938
[170,] 1.02070498 58.482088
[171,] 1.59801726 91.559644
[172,] 0.69989298 40.100914
[173,] 0.97048068 55.604447
[174,] 1.49876567 85.872947
[175,] 1.33863837 76.698329
[176,] 1.15059244 65.924091
[177,] 1.00302221 57.468940
[178,] 0.76034816 43.564741
[179,] 1.81474729 103.977360
[180,] 0.69494726 39.817545
[181,] 1.23196428 70.586354
[182,] 0.66092816 37.868394
[183,] 0.32368553 18.545815
[184,] 0.69505539 39.823740
[185,] 0.72842739 41.735815
[186,] 0.42336110 24.256804
[187,] 1.14836264 65.796333
[188,] 0.39326044 22.532164
[189,] 0.34818270 19.949399
[190,] 0.68898251 39.475790
[191,] 0.60992207 34.945960
[192,] 0.94856774 54.348928
[193,] 1.39422591 79.883260
[194,] 0.78456173 44.952076
[195,] 1.55720438 89.221239
[196,] 0.34299302 19.652053
[197,] 0.07234829 4.145251
[198,] 0.48899080 28.017109
[199,] 0.59814378 34.271114
[200,] 0.32427429 18.579548
[201,] 0.75240166 43.109440
[202,] 1.34391266 77.000523
[203,] 0.31373071 17.975446
[204,] 0.31119548 17.830188
[205,] 0.93488272 53.564834
[206,] 0.35040660 20.076819
[207,] 0.99400837 56.952485
[208,] 1.43880071 82.437208
[209,] 1.67777750 96.129570
[210,] 1.55346691 89.007098
[211,] 2.01893442 115.676421
[212,] 0.40285692 23.082001
[213,] 0.71891026 41.190524
[214,] 0.42296364 24.234031
[215,] 0.28250922 16.186586
[216,] 0.51626184 29.579625
[217,] 0.72414021 41.490178
[218,] 0.45117283 25.850299
[219,] 0.47868451 27.426602
[220,] 0.45284987 25.946386
[221,] 0.71003991 40.682290
[222,] 1.54230438 88.367532
[223,] 1.01346974 58.067539
[224,] 1.04787367 60.038739
[225,] 0.27249588 15.612864
[226,] 0.87816803 50.315322
[227,] 1.01534741 58.175121
[228,] 0.78001609 44.691630
[229,] 0.99182565 56.827424
[230,] 0.57490322 32.939528
[231,] 0.84071013 48.169142
[232,] 1.20926886 69.286002
[233,] 0.50848303 29.133931
[234,] 0.10002489 5.731004
[235,] 0.33575333 19.237249
[236,] 1.56202178 89.497255
[237,] 1.58669739 90.911064
[238,] 0.59576656 34.134910
[239,] 0.34124460 19.551875
[240,] 1.56620007 89.736654
[241,] 0.28854256 16.532271
[242,] 0.56619785 32.440747
[243,] 0.41649414 23.863356
[244,] 0.71250809 40.823706
[245,] 0.63234728 36.230830
[246,] 1.44520840 82.804342
[247,] 0.37832200 21.676254
[248,] 0.29515691 16.911245
[249,] 0.45446091 26.038692
[250,] 0.54408814 31.173954
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