correct_blood_volume: Correct for blood volume changes

In mnirs: Muscle Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Processing and Analysis

Correct for blood volume changes

Description

Normalises mNIRS channels for the effects of blood volume changes, following the sample-wise iterative method of Beever & Tripp et al, 2020.

Usage

correct_blood_volume(
  data,
  oxy_channel = NULL,
  deoxy_channel = NULL,
  total_channel = NULL,
  verbose = TRUE
)

Arguments

data	A data frame of class "mnirs" containing time series data and metadata, a list of data frames, or a grouped data frame (see Details).
oxy_channel	A character vector naming the oxy[haem] (oxygenated haemoglobin and myoglobin; O2Hb) column(s) in data. Must match exactly.
deoxy_channel	A character vector naming the deoxy[haem] (deoxygenated haemoglobin and myoglobin; HHb) column(s) in data. Must match exactly.
total_channel	A character vector naming the total[haem] (total haemoglobin and myoglobin; THb; proxy for blood volume) column(s) in data. Must match exactly.
verbose	Logical. TRUE (default) will display, and FALSE will silence warnings and information messages helpful for troubleshooting. Global default can be set via options(mnirs.verbose = FALSE).

Details

Specify NIRS component channels

At least two of oxy_channel, deoxy_channel, and total_channel must be specified to calculate the blood volume correction factor. Best practice is to specify all existing channels in data. Missing channels are derived from the specified pair before the correction is applied.

• total = oxy + deoxy

• oxy = total - deoxy

• deoxy = total - oxy

Multiple channel pairs can be corrected in one call by passing equal-length vectors, with each element number forming a pair (e.g. ⁠oxy_channel = c(o2hb_1, o2hb_2), deoxy_channel = c(hhb_1, hhb_2)⁠).

NOTE: the returned data frame will ONLY include corrected values for the specified channels. Non-specified channels will remain uncorrected and will therefore no longer be comparable to corrected channels. Best practice is to specify all existing channels in data.

Compute blood volume correction

If any NIRS channels have negative values, all specified channels will be ensemble-shifted by a common offset so that all channels contain only positive values. Relative scaling across channels is preserved. This is modified from the method in Beever & Tripp et al, 2020 to properly calculate total[haem] and the blood volume correction factor beta when there are negative NIRS values.

The correction factor beta is effectively the single-channel fractional (%) oxygen saturation used to normalise oxy[haem] and deoxy[haem] relative to an adjusted invariant total[haem]. This is computed as the cumulative sum of adjusted incremental differences:

\Delta\text{O2Hb}_c = \Delta\text{O2Hb} - \beta \cdot \Delta\text{THb}

\Delta\text{HHb}_c = \Delta\text{HHb} - (1 - \beta) \cdot \Delta\text{THb}

After correction, total[haem] is zero (blood volume changes are normalised).

Value

A tibble of class "mnirs" with blood volume-corrected channels written back to the specified columns, and with metadata available with attributes(). For list or grouped data frame input, returns a named list of "mnirs" tibbles, one per interval.

Data input formats

mnirs processing functions accept data in multiple formats:

• A single "mnirs" data frame is processed and returned directly.

• A list of "mnirs" data frames: each interval is processed separately and returned as a named list.

• A grouped "mnirs" data frame, e.g. with dplyr::group_by(): the data frame is split by grouping levels and each group is processed as a separate interval, returned as a named list.

References

Beever AT, Tripp TR, Zhang J, MacInnis MJ (2020) Nirs-Derived Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacity Is Correlated with Aerobic Fitness and Independent of Sex. J Appl Physiol (1985). \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1152/japplphysiol.00017.2020")}

Ryan TE, Erickson ML, Brizendine JT, et al. (2012) Noninvasive Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Capacity with near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Correcting for Blood Volume Changes. J Appl Physiol (1985). \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1152/japplphysiol.00319.2012")}

Examples

data <- read_mnirs(
    file_path = example_mnirs("artinis"),
    nirs_channels = c(o2hb = 2, hhb = 3),
    time_channel = c(sample = 1),
    verbose = FALSE,
)

plot(data)

result <- correct_blood_volume(
    data,
    oxy_channel = "o2hb",
    deoxy_channel = "hhb", ## thb will be derived from o2hb + hhb
)

plot(result)

mnirs documentation built on Sept. 13, 2026, 1:06 a.m.