pvs: P-Values to Classify New Observations

In pvclass: P-Values for Classification

P-Values to Classify New Observations

Description

Computes nonparametric p-values for the potential class memberships of new observations.

Usage

pvs(NewX, X, Y, method = c('gaussian', 'knn', 'wnn', 'logreg'), ...)

Arguments

NewX	data matrix consisting of one or several new observations (row vectors) to be classified.
X	matrix containing training observations, where each observation is a row vector.
Y	vector indicating the classes which the training observations belong to.
method	one of the following methods: 'gaussian': plug-in statistic for the standard Gaussian model, 'knn': k nearest neighbors, 'wnn': weighted nearest neighbors, 'logreg': multicategory logistic regression with l1-penalization.
...	further arguments depending on the method (see pvs.gaussian, pvs.knn, pvs.wnn, pvs.logreg).

Details

Computes nonparametric p-values for the potential class memberships of new observations. Precisely, for each new observation NewX[i,] and each class b the number PV[i,b] is a p-value for the null hypothesis that Y[i] = b.
This p-value is based on a permutation test applied to an estimated Bayesian likelihood ratio, using a plug-in statistic for the Gaussian model, 'k nearest neighbors', 'weighted nearest neighbors' or multicategory logistic regression with l1-penalization (see pvs.gaussian, pvs.knn, pvs.wnn, pvs.logreg) with estimated prior probabilities N(b)/n. Here N(b) is the number of observations of class b and n is the total number of observations.

Value

PV is a matrix containing the p-values. Precisely, for each new observation NewX[i,] and each class b the number PV[i,b] is a p-value for the null hypothesis that Y[i] = b.

Author(s)

Niki Zumbrunnen [e-mail]
Lutz Dümbgen [e-mail]
https://www.imsv.unibe.ch/about_us/staff/prof_dr_duembgen_lutz/index_eng.html

References

Zumbrunnen N. and Dümbgen L. (2017) pvclass: An R Package for p Values for Classification. Journal of Statistical Software 78(4), 1–19. doi:10.18637/jss.v078.i04

Dümbgen L., Igl B.-W. and Munk A. (2008) P-Values for Classification. Electronic Journal of Statistics 2, 468–493, available at \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1214/08-EJS245")}.

Zumbrunnen N. (2014) P-Values for Classification – Computational Aspects and Asymptotics. Ph.D. thesis, University of Bern, available at http://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/53585.

See Also

pvs.gaussian, pvs.knn, pvs.wnn, pvs.logreg, cvpvs, analyze.pvs

Examples

X <- iris[c(1:49, 51:99, 101:149), 1:4]
Y <- iris[c(1:49, 51:99, 101:149), 5]
NewX <- iris[c(50, 100, 150), 1:4]

pvs(NewX, X, Y, method = 'k', k = 10)

pvclass documentation built on June 8, 2025, 11:01 a.m.