formality: Formality Score

In qdap: Bridging the Gap Between Qualitative Data and Quantitative Analysis

Formality Score

Description

Transcript apply formality score by grouping variable(s) and optionally plot the breakdown of the model.

Usage

formality(
  text.var,
  grouping.var = NULL,
  order.by.formality = TRUE,
  digits = 2,
  ...
)

Arguments

text.var	The text variable (or an object from pos, pos_by or formality. Passing the later three object will greatly reduce run time.
grouping.var	The grouping variables. Default NULL generates one word list for all text. Also takes a single grouping variable or a list of 1 or more grouping variables.
order.by.formality	logical. If TRUE orders the results by formality score.
digits	The number of digits displayed.
...	Other arguments passed to pos_by.

Details

Heylighen & Dewaele(2002)'s formality score is calculated as:

F = 50(\frac{n_{f}-n_{c}}{N} + 1)

Where:

f = \left \{noun, \;adjective, \;preposition, \;article\right \}

c = \left \{pronoun, \;verb, \;adverb, \;interjection\right \}

N = \sum{(f \;+ \;c \;+ \;conjunctions)}

Value

A list containing at the following components:

text	The text variable
POStagged	Raw part of speech for every word of the text variable
POSprop	Part of speech proportion for every word of the text variable
POSfreq	Part of speech count for every word of the text variable
pos.by.freq	The part of speech count for every word of the text variable by grouping variable(s)
pos.by.prop	The part of speech proportion for every word of the text variable by grouping variable(s)
form.freq.by	The nine broad part of speech categories count for every word of the text variable by grouping variable(s)
form.prop.by	The nine broad part of speech categories proportion for every word of the text variable by grouping variable(s)
formality	Formality scores by grouping variable(s)
pos.reshaped	An expanded formality scores output (grouping, word.count, pos & form.class) by word

Warning

Heylighen & Dewaele (2002) state, "At present, a sample would probably need to contain a few hundred words for the measure to be minimally reliable. For single sentences, the F-value should only be computed for purposes of illustration" (p. 24).

References

Heylighen, F., & Dewaele, J.M. (2002). Variation in the contextuality of language: An empirical measure. Context in Context, Special issue of Foundations of Science, 7 (3), 293-340.

Examples

## Not run: 
with(DATA, formality(state, person))
(x1 <- with(DATA, formality(state, list(sex, adult))))
plot(x1)
plot(x1, short.names = FALSE)

scores(x1)
counts(x1)
proportions(x1)
preprocessed(x1)

plot(scores(x1))
plot(counts(x1))
plot(proportions(x1), high="darkgreen")
plot(preprocessed(x1))

data(rajPOS) #A data set consisting of a pos list object
x2 <- with(raj, formality(rajPOS, act))
plot(x2)
cumulative(x2)
x3 <- with(raj, formality(rajPOS, person))
plot(x3, bar.colors="Dark2")
plot(x3, bar.colors=c("Dark2", "Set1"))
x4 <- with(raj, formality(rajPOS, list(person, act)))
plot(x4, bar.colors=c("Dark2", "Set1"))

rajDEM <- key_merge(raj, raj.demographics) #merge demographics with transcript.
x5 <- with(rajDEM, formality(rajPOS, sex))
plot(x5, bar.colors="RdBu")
x6 <- with(rajDEM, formality(rajPOS, list(fam.aff, sex)))
plot(x6, bar.colors="RdBu")
x7 <- with(rajDEM, formality(rajPOS, list(died, fam.aff)))
plot(x7, bar.colors="RdBu",  point.cex=2, point.pch = 3)
x8 <- with(rajDEM, formality(rajPOS, list(died, sex)))
plot(x8, bar.colors="RdBu",  point.cex=2, point.pch = "|")

names(x8)
colsplit2df(x8$formality)

#pass an object from pos or pos_by
ltruncdf(with(raj, formality(x8 , list(act, person))), 6, 4)

#=============#
## ANIMATION ##
#=============#
## EXAMPLE 1
form_ani <- formality(DATA.SPLIT$state, DATA.SPLIT$person)
forma <- Animate(form_ani, contextual="white", formal="blue", 
    current.color = "yellow", current.speaker.color="grey70")

bgb <- vertex_apply(forma, label.color="grey80", size=20, color="grey40")
bgb <- edge_apply(bgb, label.color="yellow")

print(bgb, bg="black", net.legend.color ="white", pause=1)

## EXAMPLE 2
form_ani2 <- formality(raj.act.1POS, mraja1spl$person)
forma2 <- Animate(form_ani2, contextual="white", formal="blue",
    current.color = "yellow", current.speaker.color="grey70")

bgb2 <- vertex_apply(forma2, label.color="grey80", size=17, color="grey40")
bgb2 <- edge_apply(bgb2, label.color="yellow")
print(bgb2, bg="black", pause=.75, net.legend.color = "white")

## EXAMPLE 3 (bar plot)
Animate(form_ani2, as.network=FALSE)

#=====================#
## Complex Animation ##
#=====================#
library(animation)
library(grid)
library(gridBase)
library(qdap)
library(igraph)
library(plotrix)

form_ani2 <- formality(raj.act.1POS, mraja1spl$person)

## Set up the network version
form_net <- Animate(form_ani2, contextual="white", formal="blue",
    current.color = "yellow", current.speaker.color="grey70")
bgb <- vertex_apply(form_net, label.color="grey80", size=17, color="grey40")
bgb <- edge_apply(bgb, label.color="yellow")


## Set up the bar version
form_bar <- Animate(form_ani2, as.network=FALSE)

## Generate a folder
loc <- folder(animation_formality)

## Set up the plotting function
oopt <- animation::ani.options(interval = 0.1)


FUN <- function(follow=FALSE, theseq = seq_along(bgb)) {

    Title <- "Animated Formality: Romeo and Juliet Act 1"
    Legend <- c(.2, -1, 1.5, -.95)
    Legend.cex <- 1

    lapply(theseq, function(i) {
        if (follow) {
            png(file=sprintf("%s/images/Rplot%s.png", loc, i),
                width=650, height=725)
        }
        ## Set up the layout
        layout(matrix(c(rep(1, 9), rep(2, 4)), 13, 1, byrow = TRUE))

        ## Plot 1
        par(mar=c(2, 0, 2, 0), bg="black")
        #par(mar=c(2, 0, 2, 0))
        set.seed(22)
        plot.igraph(bgb[[i]], edge.curved=TRUE)
        graphics::mtext(Title, side=3, col="white")
        color.legend(Legend[1], Legend[2], Legend[3], Legend[4],
              c("Contextual", "Formal"), attributes(bgb)[["legend"]],
              cex = Legend.cex, col="white")

        ## Plot2
        plot.new()
        vps <- baseViewports()

        uns <- unit(c(-1.3,.5,-.75,.25), "cm")
        p <- form_bar[[i]] +
            theme(plot.margin = uns,
                text=element_text(color="white"),
                legend.text=element_text(color="white"),
                legend.background = element_rect(fill = "black"),
                plot.background = element_rect(fill = "black",
                    color="black"))
        print(p,vp = vpStack(vps$figure,vps$plot))
        animation::ani.pause()

        if (follow) {
            dev.off()
        }
    })

}

FUN()

## Detect OS
type <- if(.Platform$OS.type == "windows") shell else system

saveHTML(FUN(, 1:20), autoplay = FALSE, loop = TRUE, verbose = FALSE,
    ani.height = 1000, ani.width=650,
    outdir = loc, single.opts =
    "'controls': ['first', 'play', 'loop', 'speed'], 'delayMin': 0")

FUN(TRUE)

#==================#
## Static Network ##
#==================#
(formdat <- with(sentSplit(DATA, 4), formality(state, person)))
m <- Network(formdat)
m
print(m, bg="grey97", vertex.color="grey75")

print(m, title="Formality Discourse Map", title.color="white", bg="black",
    legend.text.color="white", vertex.label.color = "grey70", 
    edge.label.color="yellow")
    
## or use themes:
dev.off()
m + qtheme()
m + theme_nightheat
dev.off()
m + theme_nightheat(title="Formality Discourse Map", 
    vertex.label.color = "grey50")
    
#===============================#
## Formality Over Time Example ##
#===============================#
formpres <- lapply(with( pres_debates2012, split(dialogue, time)), function(x) {
    formality(x)
})
formplots <- lapply(seq_along(formpres), function(i) {
    m <- plot(cumulative(formpres[[i]]))
    if (i != 2) m <- m + ylab("")
    if (i != 3) m <- m + xlab(NULL)
    m + ggtitle(paste("Debate", i))
})

library(grid)
library(gridExtra)
do.call(grid.arrange, formplots)

## End(Not run)

qdap documentation built on May 31, 2023, 5:20 p.m.