tokens_annotate: Annotate a tokens object using a dictionary

In quanteda: Quantitative Analysis of Textual Data

Annotate a tokens object using a dictionary

Description

Insert dictionary keys as tags in a tokens object where the dictionary patterns are found.

Usage

tokens_annotate(
  x,
  dictionary,
  levels = 1:5,
  valuetype = c("glob", "regex", "fixed"),
  case_insensitive = TRUE,
  marker = "#",
  capkeys = TRUE,
  nested_scope = c("key", "dictionary"),
  apply_if = NULL,
  verbose = quanteda_options("verbose")
)

Arguments

x	the tokens object to which the dictionary will be applied
dictionary	the dictionary-class object that will be applied to x
levels	integers specifying the levels of entries in a hierarchical dictionary that will be applied. The top level is 1, and subsequent levels describe lower nesting levels. Values may be combined, even if these levels are not contiguous, e.g. levels = c(1:3) will collapse the second level into the first, but record the third level (if present) collapsed below the first (see examples).
valuetype	the type of pattern matching: "glob" for "glob"-style wildcard expressions; "regex" for regular expressions; or "fixed" for exact matching. See valuetype for details.
case_insensitive	logical; if TRUE, ignore case when matching a pattern or dictionary values
marker	characters that are added before and after the dictionary keys to create tags.
capkeys	if TRUE, convert dictionary keys to uppercase to distinguish them from unmatched tokens.
nested_scope	how to treat matches from different dictionary keys that are nested. When one value is nested within another, such as "a b" being nested within "a b c", then tokens_lookup() will match the longer. When nested_scope = "key", this longer-match priority is applied only within the key, while "dictionary" applies it across keys, matching only the key with the longer pattern, not the matches nested within that longer pattern from other keys. See Details.
apply_if	logical vector of length ndoc(x); documents are modified only when corresponding values are TRUE, others are left unchanged.
verbose	if TRUE print the number of tokens and documents before and after the function is applied. The number of tokens does not include paddings.

See Also

tokens_lookup

Examples

txt <- c(d1 = "The United States has the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.",
         d2 = "Britain and Ireland have the Irish Sea and the English Channel.")
toks <- tokens(txt)
dict <- dictionary(list(US = list(Countries = c("States"),
                                  oceans = c("Atlantic", "Pacific")),
                        Europe = list(Countries = c("Britain", "Ireland"),
                                      oceans = list(west = "Irish Sea",
                                                    east = "English Channel"))))
tokens_annotate(toks, dict)

quanteda documentation built on April 7, 2026, 1:06 a.m.