cnd-abort.md
In rlang: Functions for Base Types and Core R and 'Tidyverse' Features

Invalid on_error option resets itself

Code
  (expect_warning(tryCatch(abort("foo"), error = identity)))
Output
  <warning/rlang_warning>
  Warning:
  Invalid `rlang_backtrace_on_error` option.
  i The option was just reset to `NULL`.

error is printed with backtrace

Code
  cat_line(default_interactive)
Output
  Error in `h()`:
  ! Error message
  Run `rlang::last_trace()` to see where the error occurred.
  Execution halted
Code
  cat_line(default_non_interactive)
Output
  Error in `h()`:
  ! Error message
  Backtrace:
      x
   1. \-global f()
   2.   +-base::tryCatch(g())
   3.   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   4.   \-global g()
   5.     \-global h()
   6.       \-rlang::abort("Error message")
  Execution halted
Code
  cat_line(reminder)
Output
  Error in `h()`:
  ! Error message
  Execution halted
Code
  cat_line(branch)
Output
  Error in `h()`:
  ! Error message
  Backtrace:
   1. global f()
   4. global g()
   5. global h()
  Execution halted
Code
  cat_line(collapse)
Output
  Error in `h()`:
  ! Error message
  Warning message:
  `"collapse"` is deprecated as of rlang 1.1.0. Please use `"none"` instead.
  This warning is displayed once every 8 hours. 
  Execution halted
Code
  cat_line(full)
Output
  Error in `h()`:
  ! Error message
  Backtrace:
      x
   1. \-global f()
   2.   +-base::tryCatch(g())
   3.   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   4.   \-global g()
   5.     \-global h()
   6.       \-rlang::abort("Error message")
  Execution halted
Code
  cat_line(rethrown_interactive)
Output
  Error in `h()`:
  ! Error message
  Run `rlang::last_trace()` to see where the error occurred.
  Execution halted
Code
  cat_line(rethrown_non_interactive)
Output
  Error in `h()`:
  ! Error message
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::tryCatch(f(), error = function(cnd) rlang::cnd_signal(cnd))
    2. | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    3. |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    4. |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    5. \-global f()
    6.   +-base::tryCatch(g())
    7.   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    8.   \-global g()
    9.     \-global h()
   10.       \-rlang::abort("Error message")
  Execution halted

empty backtraces are not printed

Code
  cat_line(branch_depth_0)
Output
  Error:
  ! foo
  Backtrace:
   1. rlang::abort("foo")
  Execution halted
Code
  cat_line(full_depth_0)
Output
  Error:
  ! foo
  Backtrace:
      x
   1. \-rlang::abort("foo")
  Execution halted
Code
  cat_line(branch_depth_1)
Output
  Error in `f()`:
  ! foo
  Backtrace:
   1. global f()
  Execution halted
Code
  cat_line(full_depth_1)
Output
  Error in `f()`:
  ! foo
  Backtrace:
      x
   1. \-global f()
   2.   \-rlang::abort("foo")
  Execution halted

parent errors are not displayed in error message and backtrace

Code
  cat_line(interactive)
Output
  Error in `c()`:
  ! bar
  Caused by error in `h()`:
  ! foo
  Run `rlang::last_trace()` to see where the error occurred.
  Execution halted
Code
  cat_line(non_interactive)
Output
  Error in `c()`:
  ! bar
  Caused by error in `h()`:
  ! foo
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. \-global a()
    2.   \-global b()
    3.     \-global c()
    4.       +-base::tryCatch(...)
    5.       | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    6.       |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    7.       |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    8.       \-global f()
    9.         \-global g()
   10.           \-global h()
   11.             \-rlang::abort("foo")
  Execution halted

backtrace reminder is displayed when called from `last_error()`

Code
  # Normal case
  print(err)
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `h()`:
  ! foo
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-rlang:::catch_error(f())
    2. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    3. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    4. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    5. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    6. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    7. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    8. |   \-base::force(expr)
    9. \-rlang (local) f()
   10.   \-rlang (local) g()
   11.     \-rlang (local) h()
Code
  # From `last_error()`
  print(last_error())
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `h()`:
  ! foo
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-rlang:::catch_error(f())
    2. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    3. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    4. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    5. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    6. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    7. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    8. |   \-base::force(expr)
    9. \-rlang (local) f()
   10.   \-rlang (local) g()
   11.     \-rlang (local) h()
  Run rlang::last_trace(drop = FALSE) to see 1 hidden frame.
Code
  # Saved from `last_error()`
  {
    saved <- last_error()
    print(saved)
  }
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `h()`:
  ! foo
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-rlang:::catch_error(f())
    2. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    3. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    4. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    5. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    6. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    7. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    8. |   \-base::force(expr)
    9. \-rlang (local) f()
   10.   \-rlang (local) g()
   11.     \-rlang (local) h()
  Run rlang::last_trace(drop = FALSE) to see 1 hidden frame.
Code
  # Saved from `last_error()`, but no longer last
  {
    poke_last_error(error_cnd("foo"))
    print(saved)
  }
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `h()`:
  ! foo
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-rlang:::catch_error(f())
    2. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    3. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    4. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    5. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    6. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    7. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    8. |   \-base::force(expr)
    9. \-rlang (local) f()
   10.   \-rlang (local) g()
   11.     \-rlang (local) h()
  Run rlang::last_trace(drop = FALSE) to see 1 hidden frame.

Backtrace on rethrow: stop() - tryCatch()

Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)

Backtrace on rethrow: stop() - withCallingHandlers()

Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   14.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   15.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   16.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   17.             \-base::stop("low-level")
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   14.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   15.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   16.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   17.             \-base::stop("low-level")
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   14.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   15.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   16.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   17.             \-base::stop("low-level")
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   14.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   15.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   16.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   17.             \-base::stop("low-level")

Backtrace on rethrow: stop() - try_fetch()

Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   14.       | +-base::tryCatch(...)
   15.       | | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   16.       | |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   17.       | |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   18.       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   19.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   20.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   21.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   22.             \-base::stop("low-level")
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   14.       | +-base::tryCatch(...)
   15.       | | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   16.       | |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   17.       | |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   18.       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   19.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   20.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   21.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   22.             \-base::stop("low-level")
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   14.       | +-base::tryCatch(...)
   15.       | | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   16.       | |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   17.       | |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   18.       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   19.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   20.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   21.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   22.             \-base::stop("low-level")
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   14.       | +-base::tryCatch(...)
   15.       | | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   16.       | |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   17.       | |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   18.       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   19.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   20.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   21.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   22.             \-base::stop("low-level")

Backtrace on rethrow: abort() - tryCatch()

Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::tryCatch(...)
   14.       | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   15.       |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   16.       |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   17.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   18.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   19.           \-rlang (local) low3()
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::tryCatch(...)
   14.       | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   15.       |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   16.       |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   17.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   18.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   19.           \-rlang (local) low3()
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::tryCatch(...)
   14.       | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   15.       |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   16.       |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   17.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   18.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   19.           \-rlang (local) low3()
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::tryCatch(...)
   14.       | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   15.       |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   16.       |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   17.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   18.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   19.           \-rlang (local) low3()

Backtrace on rethrow: abort() - withCallingHandlers()

Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   14.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   15.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   16.           \-rlang (local) low3()
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   14.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   15.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   16.           \-rlang (local) low3()
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   14.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   15.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   16.           \-rlang (local) low3()
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   14.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   15.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   16.           \-rlang (local) low3()

Backtrace on rethrow: abort() - try_fetch()

Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   14.       | +-base::tryCatch(...)
   15.       | | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   16.       | |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   17.       | |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   18.       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   19.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   20.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   21.           \-rlang (local) low3()
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   14.       | +-base::tryCatch(...)
   15.       | | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   16.       | |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   17.       | |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   18.       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   19.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   20.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   21.           \-rlang (local) low3()
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   14.       | +-base::tryCatch(...)
   15.       | | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   16.       | |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   17.       | |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   18.       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   19.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   20.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   21.           \-rlang (local) low3()
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   14.       | +-base::tryCatch(...)
   15.       | | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   16.       | |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   17.       | |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   18.       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   19.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   20.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   21.           \-rlang (local) low3()

Backtrace on rethrow: warn = 2 - tryCatch()

Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! (converted from warning) low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! (converted from warning) low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! (converted from warning) low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! (converted from warning) low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)

Backtrace on rethrow: warn = 2 - withCallingHandlers()

Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! (converted from warning) low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   14.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   15.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   16.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   17.             \-base::warning("low-level")
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! (converted from warning) low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   14.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   15.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   16.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   17.             \-base::warning("low-level")
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! (converted from warning) low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   14.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   15.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   16.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   17.             \-base::warning("low-level")
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! (converted from warning) low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   14.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   15.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   16.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   17.             \-base::warning("low-level")

Backtrace on rethrow: warn = 2 - try_fetch()

Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! (converted from warning) low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   14.       | +-base::tryCatch(...)
   15.       | | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   16.       | |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   17.       | |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   18.       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   19.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   20.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   21.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   22.             \-base::warning("low-level")
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! (converted from warning) low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = TRUE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   14.       | +-base::tryCatch(...)
   15.       | | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   16.       | |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   17.       | |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   18.       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   19.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   20.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   21.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   22.             \-base::warning("low-level")
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! (converted from warning) low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = TRUE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   14.       | +-base::tryCatch(...)
   15.       | | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   16.       | |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   17.       | |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   18.       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   19.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   20.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   21.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   22.             \-base::warning("low-level")
Code
  print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `high3()`:
  ! high-level
  Caused by error in `low3()`:
  ! (converted from warning) low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)))
    2. +-rlang:::catch_error(high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE))
    3. | \-rlang::catch_cnd(expr, "error")
    4. |   +-rlang::eval_bare(...)
    5. |   +-base::tryCatch(...)
    6. |   | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
    7. |   |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
    8. |   |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
    9. |   \-base::force(expr)
   10. \-rlang (local) high1(chain = FALSE, stop_helper = FALSE)
   11.   \-rlang (local) high2(...)
   12.     \-rlang (local) high3(...)
   13.       +-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   14.       | +-base::tryCatch(...)
   15.       | | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   16.       | |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   17.       | |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   18.       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   19.       \-rlang (local) low1()
   20.         \-rlang (local) low2()
   21.           \-rlang (local) low3()
   22.             \-base::warning("low-level")

abort() displays call in error prefix

Code
  run(
    "{\n      options(cli.unicode = FALSE, crayon.enabled = FALSE)\n      rlang::abort('foo', call = quote(bar(baz)))\n    }")
Output
  Error in `bar()`:
  ! foo
  Backtrace:
      x
   1. \-rlang::abort("foo", call = quote(bar(baz)))
  Execution halted

Code
  run(
    "{\n      options(cli.unicode = FALSE, crayon.enabled = FALSE)\n      rlang::cnd_signal(errorCondition('foo', call = quote(bar(baz))))\n    }")
Output
  Error in `bar()`:
  ! foo
  Backtrace:
      x
   1. \-rlang::cnd_signal(errorCondition("foo", call = quote(bar(baz))))
  Execution halted

abort() accepts environment as `call` field.

Code
  (expect_error(f()))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `h()`:
  ! `arg` is absent but must be supplied.

local_error_call() works

Code
  (expect_error(foo()))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `expected()`:
  ! tilt

can disable error call inference for unexported functions

Code
  (expect_error(foo()))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `foo()`:
  ! foo
Code
  local({
    local_options(`rlang:::restrict_default_error_call` = TRUE)
    (expect_error(foo()))
  })
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `foo()`:
  ! foo
Code
  local({
    local_options(`rlang:::restrict_default_error_call` = TRUE)
    (expect_error(dots_list(.homonyms = "k")))
  })
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `dots_list()`:
  ! `.homonyms` must be one of "keep", "first", "last", or "error", not "k".
  i Did you mean "keep"?

NSE doesn't interfere with error call contexts

Code
  (expect_error(local(arg_match0("f", "foo"))))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! `"f"` must be one of "foo", not "f".
  i Did you mean "foo"?
Code
  (expect_error(eval_bare(quote(arg_match0("f", "foo")))))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! `"f"` must be one of "foo", not "f".
  i Did you mean "foo"?
Code
  (expect_error(eval_bare(quote(arg_match0("f", "foo")), env())))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! `"f"` must be one of "foo", not "f".
  i Did you mean "foo"?

error_call() and format_error_call() preserve special syntax ops

Code
  format_error_call(quote(1 + 2))
Output
  [1] "`1 + 2`"

Code
  format_error_call(quote(for (x in y) NULL))
Output
  [1] "`for (x in y) NULL`"

Code
  format_error_call(quote(a %||% b))
Output
  [1] "`a %||% b`"

Code
  format_error_call(quote(`%||%`()))
Output
  [1] "`` `%||%`() ``"

`abort()` uses older bullets formatting by default

foo
* bar

generic call is picked up in methods

Code
  err(f1())
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `f1()`:
  ! foo
Code
  err(f2())
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `f2()`:
  ! foo
Code
  err(f3())
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `f3()`:
  ! foo

errors are fully displayed (parents, calls) in knitted files

Code
  writeLines(render_md("test-parent-errors.Rmd"))
Output
      foo <- error_cnd(
        "foo",
        message = "Parent message.",
        body = c("*" = "Bullet 1.", "*" = "Bullet 2."),
        call = call("foo"),
        use_cli_format = TRUE
      )

  Error.

      abort(
        c("Message.", "x" = "Bullet A", "i" = "Bullet B."),
        parent = foo,
        call = call("f")
      )

      ## Error in `f()`:
      ## ! Message.
      ## x Bullet A
      ## i Bullet B.
      ## Caused by error in `foo()`:
      ## ! Parent message.
      ## * Bullet 1.
      ## * Bullet 2.

  Warning.

      warn(
        c("Message.", "x" = "Bullet A", "i" = "Bullet B."),
        parent = foo,
        call = call("f")
      )

      ## Warning in f(): Message.
      ## x Bullet A
      ## i Bullet B.
      ## Caused by error in `foo()`:
      ## ! Parent message.
      ## * Bullet 1.
      ## * Bullet 2.

  Message.

      inform(
        c("Message.", "x" = "Bullet A", "i" = "Bullet B."),
        parent = foo,
        call = call("f")
      )

      ## Message.
      ## x Bullet A
      ## i Bullet B.
      ## Caused by error in `foo()`:
      ## ! Parent message.
      ## * Bullet 1.
      ## * Bullet 2.

can supply bullets both through `message` and `body`

Code
  (expect_error(abort("foo", body = c("a", "b"))))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! foo
  a
  b
Code
  (expect_error(abort(c("foo", "bar"), body = c("a", "b"))))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! foo
  * bar
  a
  b

can supply bullets both through `message` and `body` (cli case)

Code
  (expect_error(abort("foo", body = c("a", "b"))))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! foo
  a
  b
Code
  (expect_error(abort(c("foo", "bar"), body = c("a", "b"))))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! foo
  bar
  a
  b

setting `.internal` adds footer bullet

Code
  err(abort(c("foo", x = "bar"), .internal = TRUE))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! foo
  x bar
  i This is an internal error that was detected in the rlang package.
    Please report it at <https://github.com/r-lib/rlang/issues> with a reprex (<https://tidyverse.org/help/>) and the full backtrace.
Code
  err(abort("foo", body = c(x = "bar"), .internal = TRUE))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! foo
  x bar
  i This is an internal error that was detected in the rlang package.
    Please report it at <https://github.com/r-lib/rlang/issues> with a reprex (<https://tidyverse.org/help/>) and the full backtrace.

setting `.internal` adds footer bullet (fallback)

Code
  err(abort(c("foo", x = "bar"), .internal = TRUE))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! foo
  x bar
  i This is an internal error that was detected in the rlang package.
    Please report it at <https://github.com/r-lib/rlang/issues> with a reprex (<https://tidyverse.org/help/>) and the full backtrace.
Code
  err(abort("foo", body = c(x = "bar"), .internal = TRUE))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! foo
  x bar
  i This is an internal error that was detected in the rlang package.
    Please report it at <https://github.com/r-lib/rlang/issues> with a reprex (<https://tidyverse.org/help/>) and the full backtrace.

must pass character `body` when `message` is > 1

Code
  err(abort("foo", body = function(cnd, ...) c(i = "bar")))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! foo
  i bar
Code
  err(abort(c("foo", "bar"), body = function() "baz"))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `abort()`:
  ! Can't supply conflicting bodies in `body` and `message`.
  x `body` must be character or NULL when a length > 1 `message` is supplied.
  i `body` is currently a function.

must pass character `body` when `message` is > 1 (non-cli case)

Code
  err(abort("foo", body = function(cnd, ...) c(i = "bar")))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error:
  ! foo
  bar
Code
  err(abort(c("foo", "bar"), body = function() "baz"))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `abort()`:
  ! Can't supply conflicting bodies in `body` and `message`.
  x `body` must be character or NULL when a length > 1 `message` is supplied.
  i `body` is currently a function.

can supply `footer`

Code
  err(abort("foo", body = c(i = "bar"), footer = c(i = "baz")))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `f()`:
  ! foo
  i bar
  i baz
Code
  err(abort("foo", body = function(cnd, ...) c(i = "bar"), footer = function(cnd,
    ...) c(i = "baz")))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `f()`:
  ! foo
  i bar
  i baz

can supply `footer` (non-cli case)

Code
  err(abort("foo", body = c(i = "bar"), footer = c(i = "baz")))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `f()`:
  ! foo
  i bar
  i baz
Code
  err(abort("foo", body = function(cnd, ...) c(i = "bar"), footer = function(cnd,
    ...) c(i = "baz")))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `f()`:
  ! foo
  bar
  baz

can't supply both `footer` and `.internal`

Code
  err(abort("foo", .internal = TRUE, call = quote(f())))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `f()`:
  ! foo
  i This is an internal error that was detected in the rlang package.
    Please report it at <https://github.com/r-lib/rlang/issues> with a reprex (<https://tidyverse.org/help/>) and the full backtrace.
Code
  err(abort("foo", footer = "bar", .internal = TRUE, call = quote(f())))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `abort()`:
  ! Exactly one of `footer` or `.internal` must be supplied.

`cli.condition_unicode_bullets` is supported by fallback formatting

foo
i bar

can rethrow outside handler

Code
  print(err(foo()))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `baz()`:
  ! High-level
  Caused by error in `low()`:
  ! Low-level
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(err(foo()))
    2. +-rlang:::err(foo())
    3. | \-testthat::expect_error(...)
    4. |   \-testthat:::expect_condition_matching(...)
    5. |     \-testthat:::quasi_capture(...)
    6. |       +-testthat (local) .capture(...)
    7. |       | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
    8. |       \-rlang::eval_bare(quo_get_expr(.quo), quo_get_env(.quo))
    9. \-rlang (local) foo()
   10.   \-rlang (local) bar()
   11.     \-rlang (local) baz()

if `call` is older than handler caller, use that as bottom

Code
  low_level <- (function(call) {
    abort("Tilt.", call = call)
  })
  print(expect_error(f()))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `f()`:
  ! Problem.
  Caused by error in `f()`:
  ! Tilt.
  ---
  Backtrace:
      x
   1. +-base::print(expect_error(f()))
   2. +-testthat::expect_error(f())
   3. | \-testthat:::expect_condition_matching(...)
   4. |   \-testthat:::quasi_capture(...)
   5. |     +-testthat (local) .capture(...)
   6. |     | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   7. |     \-rlang::eval_bare(quo_get_expr(.quo), quo_get_env(.quo))
   8. \-rlang (local) f()
Code
  low_level <- (function(call) {
    abort("Tilt.", call = list(NULL, frame = call))
  })
  print(expect_error(f()))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `f()`:
  ! Problem.
  Caused by error:
  ! Tilt.
  ---
  Backtrace:
      x
   1. +-base::print(expect_error(f()))
   2. +-testthat::expect_error(f())
   3. | \-testthat:::expect_condition_matching(...)
   4. |   \-testthat:::quasi_capture(...)
   5. |     +-testthat (local) .capture(...)
   6. |     | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   7. |     \-rlang::eval_bare(quo_get_expr(.quo), quo_get_env(.quo))
   8. \-rlang (local) f()

base causal errors include full user backtrace

Code
  print(expect_error(my_verb(add(1, ""))))
Output
  <error/rlang_error>
  Error in `my_verb()`:
  ! Problem during step.
  Caused by error in `x + y`:
  ! non-numeric argument to binary operator
  ---
  Backtrace:
       x
    1. +-base::print(expect_error(my_verb(add(1, ""))))
    2. +-testthat::expect_error(my_verb(add(1, "")))
    3. | \-testthat:::expect_condition_matching(...)
    4. |   \-testthat:::quasi_capture(...)
    5. |     +-testthat (local) .capture(...)
    6. |     | \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
    7. |     \-rlang::eval_bare(quo_get_expr(.quo), quo_get_env(.quo))
    8. +-rlang (local) my_verb(add(1, ""))
    9. | \-rlang (local) with_chained_errors(expr)
   10. |   \-rlang::try_fetch(...)
   11. |     +-base::tryCatch(...)
   12. |     | \-base (local) tryCatchList(expr, classes, parentenv, handlers)
   13. |     |   \-base (local) tryCatchOne(expr, names, parentenv, handlers[[1L]])
   14. |     |     \-base (local) doTryCatch(return(expr), name, parentenv, handler)
   15. |     \-base::withCallingHandlers(...)
   16. \-rlang (local) add(1, "")

can supply header method via `message`

Code
  abort(~"foo")
Condition
  Error:
  ! foo
Code
  abort(function(cnd, ...) "foo")
Condition
  Error:
  ! foo

newlines are preserved by cli (#1535)

Code
  abort("foo\nbar", use_cli_format = TRUE)
Condition
  Error:
  ! foo bar
Code
  abort("foo\fbar", use_cli_format = TRUE)
Condition
  Error:
  ! foo
  bar

`show.error.messages` is respected by `abort()` (#1630)

Code
  cat_line(with_messages)
Output
  Error:
  ! Oh no
  Backtrace:
      x
   1. \-rlang::abort("Oh no")
  Execution halted
Code
  cat_line(without_messages)
Output
  Execution halted

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rlang documentation built on Nov. 4, 2023, 9:06 a.m.

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rlang Functions for Base Types and Core R and 'Tidyverse' Features

tests/testthat/_snaps/cnd-abort.md In rlang: Functions for Base Types and Core R and 'Tidyverse' Features

Invalid on_error option resets itself

error is printed with backtrace

empty backtraces are not printed

parent errors are not displayed in error message and backtrace

backtrace reminder is displayed when called from last_error()

Backtrace on rethrow: stop() - tryCatch()

Backtrace on rethrow: stop() - withCallingHandlers()

Backtrace on rethrow: stop() - try_fetch()

Backtrace on rethrow: abort() - tryCatch()

Backtrace on rethrow: abort() - withCallingHandlers()

Backtrace on rethrow: abort() - try_fetch()

Backtrace on rethrow: warn = 2 - tryCatch()

Backtrace on rethrow: warn = 2 - withCallingHandlers()

Backtrace on rethrow: warn = 2 - try_fetch()

abort() displays call in error prefix

abort() accepts environment as call field.

local_error_call() works

can disable error call inference for unexported functions

NSE doesn't interfere with error call contexts

error_call() and format_error_call() preserve special syntax ops

abort() uses older bullets formatting by default

generic call is picked up in methods

errors are fully displayed (parents, calls) in knitted files

can supply bullets both through message and body

can supply bullets both through message and body (cli case)

setting .internal adds footer bullet

setting .internal adds footer bullet (fallback)

must pass character body when message is > 1

must pass character body when message is > 1 (non-cli case)

can supply footer

can supply footer (non-cli case)

can't supply both footer and .internal

cli.condition_unicode_bullets is supported by fallback formatting