pnd: Percentage of non-overlapping data

In scan: Single-Case Data Analyses for Single and Multiple Baseline Designs

Percentage of non-overlapping data

Description

This function returns the percentage of non-overlapping data. Due to its error-proneness the PND should not be used, but nap or pand instead (see Parker & Vannest, 2009).

Usage

pnd(data, dvar, pvar, decreasing = FALSE, phases = c(1, 2))

Arguments

data	A single-case data frame. See scdf() to learn about this format.
dvar	Character string with the name of the dependent variable. Defaults to the attributes in the scdf file.
pvar	Character string with the name of the phase variable. Defaults to the attributes in the scdf file.
decreasing	If you expect data to be lower in the B phase, set decreasing = TRUE. Default is decreasing = FALSE.
phases	A vector of two characters or numbers indicating the two phases that should be compared. E.g., phases = c("A","C") or phases = c(2,4) for comparing the second to the fourth phase. Phases could be combined by providing a list with two elements. E.g., phases = list(A = c(1,3), B = c(2,4)) will compare phases 1 and 3 (as A) against 2 and 4 (as B). Default is phases = c(1,2).

Value

PND	Percentage of non-overlapping data.

Author(s)

Juergen Wilbert

See Also

Other overlap functions: ird(), nap(), overlap(), pand(), pem(), pet(), print.sc_cdc(), tau_u()

Examples

## Calculate the PND for multiple single-case data
pnd(GruenkeWilbert2014)

scan documentation built on Sept. 11, 2025, 5:12 p.m.