propolis: Brazilian Propolis from different Harvest Seasons and...

Description Usage Format References

Description

Propolis or bee glue is a sticky dark-colored substance produced from the collected buds or exudates of plants (resin) by bees (Apis mellifera L.). The resin is masticated, salivary enzymes are added, and the partially digested material is mixed with beewax and used in the hive to seal the walls, strengthen the borders of combs, and embalm dead invaders (Wollenweber et al., 1990). The propolis samples are from NMR data and were collected in the autumn (AU), winter (WI), spring (SP), and summer (SM) of 2010 from Apis mellifera hives located in southern Brazil (Santa Catarina State). A total of 59 samples were collected, and the distribution of samples by seasons being: SM - 16 samples, AU and SP - 15 samples, WI - 13 samples. Also, three agroecological regions were defined for the different apiaries, and one distributed as follows: Highlands - 12 samples, Plain - 11 samples, Plateau - 36 samples.

Usage

1

Format

An object of class "list"

References

E. Wollenweber, B. M. Hausen, and W. Greenaway. Phenolic constituents and sensitizing properties of propolis, poplar balsam and balsam of peru. Bulletin de Groupe Polyphenol, 15:112-120, 1990. M. Maraschin, A. Somensi-Zeggio, S. K. Oliveira, S. Kuhnen, M. M. Tomazzoli, A. C. M. Zeri, R. Carreira, and M. Rocha. A machine learning and chemometrics assisted interpretation of spectroscopic data - a nmr-based metabolomics platform for the assessment of brazilian propolis. 2012


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