knitr::opts_chunk$set( collapse = TRUE, comment = "#>" ) #knitr::opts_chunk$set(package.startup.message = FALSE) options(xtable.comment = FALSE)
Occasionally it is useful to generate a table of
summary statistics for rows of a dataset, where
such rows represent sampling units and and columns
may be categorical or continuous.
The excellent R package table1
does exactly this, and was the inspiration for
tablet
. table1
however is optimized
for html; tablet
tries to provide
a format-neutral implementation and relies
on kableExtra to handle the rendering.
Support for pdf (latex) is of particular interest,
and is illustrated here. See the companion
vignette for a proof-of-concept html implementation.
To support our examples, we load some other packages
and in particular locate the melanoma dataset from
boot.
By the way, in the yaml header for the Rmd source
file, we've added the header-includes as
described on p. 4 of the
kableExtra
documentation.
library(tidyr) library(dplyr) library(magrittr) library(kableExtra) library(boot) library(yamlet) library(tablet) # options(knitr.table.format = "latex") # not needed since kableExtra 0.9.0
library(tidyr) library(dplyr) library(magrittr) library(kableExtra) library(boot) library(yamlet) library(tablet)
x <- melanoma x %<>% select(-time, -year)
For starters, we'll just coerce two variables to factor to show that they are categorical, and then pass the whole thing to tablet(). Then we forward to as_kable() for rendering (calls kableExtra::kbl and adds some magic).
x %>% mutate( sex = factor(sex), ulcer = factor(ulcer) ) %>% tablet %>% as_kable
Now we redefine the dataset, supplying metadata almost verbatim from ?melanoma
.
This is fairly easy using package yamlet
. Note that we reverse
the authors' factor order of 1, 0 for ulcer and move status 'Alive' to
first position.
x <- melanoma x %<>% decorate(' time: [ Survival Time Since Operation, day ] status: - End of Study Patient Status - - Alive: 2 - Melanoma Death: 1 - Unrelated Death: 3 sex: [ Sex, [ Male: 1, Female: 0 ]] age: [ Age at Time of Operation, year ] year: [ Year of Operation, year ] thickness: [ Tumor Thickness, mm ] ulcer: [ Ulceration, [ Absent: 0, Present: 1 ]] ') x %<>% select(-time, -year) x %<>% group_by(status) x %<>% resolve
group_by(status) causes statistics to be summarized in columns by group.
resolve() disambiguates labels, units, and factor levels (actually creating factors where appropriate, such as for sex and ulcer).
Now we pass x to tablet() and as_kable() for a more informative result.
x %>% tablet %>% as_kable
Notice that:
If you don't particularly care for some aspect of the presentation, you can jump in between tablet() and as_kable() to fix things up. For example, if you don't want the "All" column you can just say
x %>% tablet %>% select(-All) %>% as_kable
. If you only want the the "All" column, you can just remove the group(s):
x %>% ungroup %>% select(-1) %>% tablet %>% as_kable
.By the way, you can also pass all = NULL
to suppress the 'All' column.
Some support is provided for 'xtable'. Currently, grouped columns (see next section) are not supported.
library(xtable) x %>% filter(!(status == 'Alive' & sex == 'Male')) %>% tablet %>% as_xtable(format_value = function(x,...)x) %>% print( booktabs = TRUE, include.rownames = FALSE )
In tablet(), most columns are the consequences of a grouping variable. Not surprisingly, grouped columns are just a consequence of nested grouping variables. To illustrate, we follow the table1 vignette by adding a grouping variable that groups the two kinds of death.
x %<>% mutate(class = status) # copy the current group x %<>% modify(class, label = 'class') # change its label levels(x$status) <- c('Alive','Melanoma','Unrelated') # tweak current group levels(x$class) <- c(' ', 'Death', 'Death') # cluster groups x %<>% group_by(class, status) # nest groups x %>% tablet %>% as_kable # render
Categorical observations (in principle) and grouping variables are all factors, and are thus transposable. To illustrate, we drop the column group above and instead nest sex within status ...
x %<>% group_by(status, sex) x %<>% select(-class) x %>% tablet %>% as_kable %>% kable_styling(latex_options = 'scale_down')
... or nest ulceration within status ...
x %<>% group_by(status, ulcer) x %>% tablet %>% as_kable %>% kable_styling(latex_options = 'scale_down')
... or where it makes sense, use multiple levels of nesting.
x %<>% group_by(status, ulcer, sex) x %>% tablet %>% as_kable %>% kable_styling(latex_options = 'scale_down') # %>% landscape ?
tablet
tries to give rather exhaustive control
over formatting. Much can be achieved by replacing
elements of 'fun', 'fac', 'num', and 'lab' (see ?tablet.data.frame
). For finer control,
you can replace these entirely. In this example,
we will ...
ignore categoricals (other than groups) by replacing 'fac' with something of length zero,
drop the 'N =' header material by substituting in 'lab', and
switch to '(min - max)' instead of '(min, max)'.
x %<>% group_by(status) x %>% tablet( fac = NULL, lab ~ name, `Median (range)` ~ med + ' (' + min + ' - ' + max + ')' ) %>% as_kable
The default presentation includes "N = " under the header,
but also has percent characters in the table. Considerable
gymnastics are required to make this work! If you change
the defaults you may want to consider the arguments to
?as_kable.tablet
.
tablet
gives a flexible way of summarizing tables
of observations. It reacts to numeric columns, factors, and
grouping variables. Display order derives from
the order of columns and factor levels in the data.
Result columns can be grouped arbitrarily deep by
supplying extra groups.
Column labels and titles are respected.
Rendering is largely the
responsibility of kableExtra
and can be extended.
Further customization is possible by manipulating
data after calling tablet() but before calling as_kable().
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