Nothing
R/glossary.R
In z22: Official Gridded Data from the German Census 2022
#' Definitions and explanations for common Census terms
#'
#' @description First off, this package uses a couple of semi-official terms to
#' make it easier to unequivocally identify certain parts of an aspect. When we
#' are talking about a
#'
#' \itemize{
#' \item \strong{feature}, we talk about an indicator aggregated to grid cells,
#' e.g., age or the number of dwellings.
#' \item \strong{category}, we talk about the discrete classifications of
#' features, e.g., ages 10 to 19, 20 to 29, 30 to 39, etc.
#' \item Both feature and category have to be provided to uniquely identify
#' a \strong{dataset}.
#' }
#'
#' This documentation is a collection of definitions as they are provided
#' by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany.
#'
#' @section Building year:
#'
#' This characteristic indicates the \strong{year of construction} of a building
#' with living space in microcensus classes on the respective census reference
#' date. The year of construction refers to the year in which the building was
#' completed. In the case of conversions, extensions and additions to the house,
#' the original year of construction of the building applies. In the case of
#' completely destroyed and rebuilt buildings, the year of reconstruction is
#' taken as the year of construction.
#'
#' @section Building classifications:
#'
#' The census distinguishes three types of building classifications. Because
#' they are very close terminologically, they need clarification:
#'
#' \describe{
#' \item{\strong{Building size}}{Originally called "building type size"
#' (Gebäudetyp-Größe), this classification provides information on the
#' building type in relation to its size. Categories range from detached
#' single-family buildings to multi-story multi-unit buildings.}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Building type}}{Originally called "building type" (Gebäudeart),
#' this classification provides information about the residential use
#' of residential buildings. It distinguishes buildings based on how much
#' space is used for residential purposes. Categories include:
#' \itemize{
#' \item \strong{Buildings with living space}: Permanent buildings which
#' are either fully or partially reserved for residential use by
#' households. This also includes buildings used for administrative or
#' commercial purposes if they contain at least one dwelling used for
#' residential purposes. Buildings with living space are divided into
#' residential buildings and other buildings with living space.
#'
#' \item \strong{Residential buildings}: Buildings in which at least half of
#' the total usable floor space is used for residential purposes. Residential
#' buildings also include dormitories (where residents run their own
#' household).
#'
#' \item \strong{Dormitories}: Dormitories are residential buildings that
#' primarily serve the housing needs of certain groups of the population
#' (e.g. student residences, retirement homes). Dormitories have common
#' rooms. Residents of dormitories run their own households.
#'
#' \item \strong{Other buildings with living space}: Buildings in which
#' less than half of the total floor space is used for residential
#' purposes, e.g. because the building is predominantly occupied by
#' stores or offices.
#' }}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Building design}}{Originally called "building type construction
#' design" (Gebäudetyp-Bauweise), this classification specifies the
#' morphological design of a building, i.e. whether it is detached,
#' semi-detached, terraced or something else.}
#' }
#'
#'
#' @section Citizens / Citizenship:
#'
#' Persons with German citizenship are counted as German \strong{citizens}.
#' When assigning citizenship, a distinction is made between persons with German
#' and non-German citizenship. Persons with a German citizenship are considered
#' to be German, regardless of the existence of other citizenships.
#'
#' Members of the German Armed Forces, police authorities and the Foreign
#' Service working abroad and their families residing there are not included in
#' this analysis, as they cannot be assigned regionally at grid cell level in
#' Germany.
#'
#' @section Core family:
#'
#' This characteristic indicates the type of \strong{core family} according to
#' national typification, i.e. according to the reference person principle,
#' taking into account secondary residents. A core family consists of two or
#' more persons belonging to the same private household and is made up of the
#' reference person of the private household - a central person of the private
#' household defined by age, marital status and gender - and at least one other
#' person, e.g. the partner or a child of the reference person. This family
#' concept restricts relationships between ancestors and descendants to direct
#' relationships (first degree), i.e. relationships between parents and
#' children. Only one core family can exist in a household. Other persons
#' living in the household are not assigned to a core family. A household
#' without a core family is possible.
#'
#' The type of core family depends on the type of couple relationship or
#' the gender of the single parent, and on the presence and age (under or over
#' 18) of children. The term marriage is not differentiated according to the
#' gender of the married persons. Persons in shared accommodation are not
#' included here, only persons who have their own household.
#'
#' A range of terms relate to core families:
#'
#' \itemize{
#' \item A \strong{couple} comprises of married couples, couples in a
#' registered civil partnership and couples in a non-marital partnership
#' who live together in a private household.
#' \item A \strong{married couple} is a couple married according to the legal
#' marital status on the reference date and living in a private household.
#' \item A \strong{registered civil partnership} (ELP) is a legally
#' recognized same-sex couple in a private household according to the legal
#' marital status on the reference date.
#' \item A \strong{non-marital partnership} (NELG) is a mixed-sex couple
#' in a private household who were not married to each other according to
#' their legal marital status on the reference date.
#' \item A \strong{single mother} or a \strong{single father} is a parent
#' without a partner with at least one child within a private household.
#' \item A \strong{child} is a biological son, stepson or adopted son or a
#' biological daughter, stepdaughter or adopted daughter (regardless of age)
#' whose usual place of residence is in the private household of at least one
#' parent and one parent is the caregiver and/or partner of the caregiver.
#' \item A \strong{senior} is defined as a person who has reached the
#' age of 65 on the census date.
#' }
#'
#' @section Dwelling:
#'
#' A \strong{dwelling} is defined as rooms that are closed off from the outside,
#' intended for residential purposes, usually located together, which enable
#' the management of a separate household and are not used entirely for
#' commercial purposes.
#'
#' A dwelling does not necessarily have to contain a kitchen or kitchenette.
#' Apartments have their own entrance directly from the outside, from a
#' stairwell or a vestibule. However, a dwelling may also include basement or
#' floor rooms (e.g. attics) that are developed for residential purposes
#' outside the actual end of the dwelling.
#'
#' @section Floor space:
#'
#' To determine the \strong{floor space}, the following areas are taken into
#' account:
#'
#' \itemize{
#' \item \strong{full}: floor areas of rooms or parts of rooms with a clear
#' height of at least 2 meters.
#'
#' \item \strong{half}: floor areas of rooms or parts of rooms with a clear
#' height of at least 1 meter but less than 2 meters; unheatable observatories,
#' swimming pools, and similar rooms closed on all sides.
#'
#' \item \strong{generally a quarter, but no more than half}: areas of
#' balconies, loggias, roof gardens, terraces.
#' }
#'
#'
#' @section Foreigners:
#'
#' Persons with a non-German nationality are counted as \strong{foreigners}.
#' When assigning nationality, a distinction is made between persons with German
#' and non-German nationality. Persons with German citizenship are considered
#' German, regardless of the existence of other citizenships.
#'
#' @section Household:
#'
#' A private \strong{household} consists of at least one person. This is based
#' on the "concept of communal living": all persons who live together in
#' dwelling, regardless of their residential status (sole residence, main or
#' secondary residence), are considered members of the same private household,
#' meaning that there is one private household per occupied dwelling. There
#' is a maximum of one core family in a household. Other persons living in the
#' household are not assigned to a core family.
#'
#' @section Heating type:
#'
#' The characteristic reflects the \strong{type of heating} in the building. This
#' evaluation is carried out for dwellings. The predominant type of heating
#' in the building is broken down according to which spatial unit (district,
#' building block, building, dwelling, room) is heated by the heating system.
#' In passive houses, systems for heat recovery/controlled ventilation systems
#' are considered "heating" and are assigned accordingly (usually: central
#' heating).
#'
#' \describe{
#' \item{\strong{District heating}}{Here, entire residential districts are supplied
#' with heat from a central district heating plant (so-called district
#' heating).}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Self-contained central heating}}{Self-contained central
#' heating refers to a central heating system for all rooms in a self-contained
#' dwelling, whereby the heating source (for example, gas boiler) is usually
#' located within this dwelling.}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Block heating}}{Block heating is when a block of entire houses is
#' heated by a central heating system and the heating source is located in
#' or on one of the buildings or in its immediate vicinity (so-called local
#' heating).}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Central heating}}{With central heating, all the residential units in
#' a building are heated from a central heating point located within the
#' building (usually in the basement). This also includes heat pumps.}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Single or multi-room stoves}}{Individual stoves (such as coal or
#' night storage stoves) only heat the room in which they are located at any
#' one time. They are usually permanently installed. A multi-room stove (e.g.
#' tiled stove) heats several rooms at the same time (also through air ducts).
#' No heating in the building or in the dwellings}
#' }
#'
#' @section Marital status:
#'
#' The \strong{marital status} indicates a person's marital status under
#' personal law. The marital status under personal law is determined in
#' accordance with the Personenstandsgesetz (PStG) and the
#' Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetz (LPartG).
#'
#' The introduction of the right to marriage for persons of the same
#' sex (Eheöffnungsgesetz) has allowed same-sex couples to marry since October
#' 1, 2017. The establishment of new registered civil partnerships under the
#' Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetz (LPartG) has no longer
#' been possible since October 1, 2017. Unless existing civil partnerships are
#' converted into a marriage, registered civil partnerships remain in place.
#'
#' @section Net rent:
#'
#' The average \strong{net rent} per square meter is the ratio between the total rent
#' per square meter of the dwellings and the total number of dwellings. The
#' calculation is made for rented dwellings in residential buildings
#' (excluding dormitories). Dwellings not rented out are excluded from
#' the calculation.
#'
#' @section Ownership:
#'
#' Ownership is divided into \strong{home ownership} and
#' \strong{property ownership}. Home ownership determines who is entitled to
#' ownership of a dwelling in a building divided according to the
#' Wohneigentumsgesetz (WEG) while property ownership determines who is entitled
#' to ownership in a building. Owners can be private individuals or legal
#' entities.
#'
#' The \strong{ownership rate} represents the share of owner-occupied dwellings
#' in all occupied dwellings. Not taken into account: Vacant dwellings,
#' vacation and leisure dwellings and commercially used dwellings. The
#' calculation is made for dwellings in residential buildings (excluding
#' halls of residence).
#'
#' @section Place of birth:
#'
#' Persons born up to August 2, 1945 in former German eastern territories
#' within the borders of Germany in 1937 are not counted as born abroad, but
#' are assigned the German state code. If the \strong{place of birth} is not
#' within these borders, the current state code is assigned. Places of birth in
#' countries that have merged into other countries, such as the Soviet Union
#' or Yugoslavia, are assigned to the countries that exist today wherever
#' possible.
#'
#' \describe{
#' \item{\strong{EU27}}{Comprises the member states of the European Union as of 15 May
#' 2022, previously last amended by the UK's withdrawal in 2020. Persons born in
#' Czechoslovakia are also included in "EU27 country (as of 2020)" with the
#' current country codes. Croatia is also included here following its accession
#' to the EU on July 1, 2013.}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Other Europe}}{Includes the Russian Federation and Turkey as well as
#' other current country codes of the former Soviet Union and the former
#' Yugoslavia. Great Britain is assigned here following its withdrawal
#' from the EU.}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Other World}}{Includes all other countries. This category includes
#' other current country codes of the former Soviet Union that were not
#' assigned to "Other Europe".}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Other}}{Includes "Not specified".}
#' }
#'
#' @section Residents:
#'
#' Each \strong{resident} is assigned to an \strong{address} and thus to a
#' grid cell with a side length of 100 m, 1 km or 10 km. Members of the German
#' Armed Forces, police authorities and the Foreign Service working abroad and
#' their families living there are not included in this analysis, as they cannot
#' be assigned regionally at grid cell level in Germany.
#'
#' @section Room:
#'
#' A \strong{room} is either a living room, dining room, bedroom or other
#' separate room (e.g. habitable cellar or floor rooms) of at least 6 square
#' meters in size as well as self-contained kitchens, regardless of their
#' size. Bathrooms, toilets, hallways and utility rooms are generally not
#' counted. A living room with a dining area, sleeping alcove or kitchenette
#' is to be counted as one room. Accordingly, dwellings in which there is no
#' structural separation of the individual living areas (e.g. so-called
#' "loft dwellings") consist of only one room.
#'
#' @section Source of heating:
#'
#' The characteristic shows the energy \strong{source of the heating} in the building.
#' This evaluation is carried out for dwellings. Energy source used to heat
#' the building. If there are several energy sources in the building, it is the
#' one that heats the largest part of the living space. In passive houses, the
#' residual heat requirement is covered by an additional source, which is
#' specified here.
#'
#' \itemize{
#' \item \strong{Gas}
#' \item \strong{Heating oil}
#' \item \strong{Wood, wood pellets}
#' \item \strong{Biomass (excluding wood), biogas}: All organic substances produced by
#' plants or animals from which energy can be obtained by burning. Energy can
#' be obtained through combustion. This includes straw, organic waste or
#' liquid manure (excluding wood). Biogas is produced during the fermentation
#' of biomass and is also classified here.
#' \item \strong{Solar/geothermal energy, environmental heat, exhaust air heat}:
#' Solar energy as well as energy from water, air and earth is obtained here
#' with the help of collectors, heat pumps and heat exchangers. This also
#' includes heat obtained from the exhaust air of buildings (so-called exhaust
#' air heat).
#' \item \strong{Electricity (without heat pumps)}
#' \item \strong{Coal}
#' \item \strong{District heating (various heating sources)}
#' \item \strong{No energy source (no heating)}
#' }
#'
#' @section Vacancy:
#'
#' The \strong{vacancy rate} (dwellings) represents the ratio of vacant dwellings
#' to all occupied and vacant dwellings. The market-active vacancy rate
#' represents the proportion of vacant dwellings that are available again
#' within three months as a percentage of all dwellings in residential
#' buildings. Not taken into account: Vacation and leisure dwellings as well as
#' commercially used dwellings. The calculation is made for dwellings in
#' residential buildings (excluding halls of residence).
#'
#' @source Translated and slightly edited version of the dataset descriptions
#' of the Zensus 2022 and Zensus 2011 gridded datasets by the Federal
#' Statistical Office of Germany.
#'
#' © Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder, 2024
#'
#' @name glossary
#' @encoding UTF-8
NULL
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#' Definitions and explanations for common Census terms
#'
#' @description First off, this package uses a couple of semi-official terms to
#' make it easier to unequivocally identify certain parts of an aspect. When we
#' are talking about a
#'
#' \itemize{
#' \item \strong{feature}, we talk about an indicator aggregated to grid cells,
#' e.g., age or the number of dwellings.
#' \item \strong{category}, we talk about the discrete classifications of
#' features, e.g., ages 10 to 19, 20 to 29, 30 to 39, etc.
#' \item Both feature and category have to be provided to uniquely identify
#' a \strong{dataset}.
#' }
#'
#' This documentation is a collection of definitions as they are provided
#' by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany.
#'
#' @section Building year:
#'
#' This characteristic indicates the \strong{year of construction} of a building
#' with living space in microcensus classes on the respective census reference
#' date. The year of construction refers to the year in which the building was
#' completed. In the case of conversions, extensions and additions to the house,
#' the original year of construction of the building applies. In the case of
#' completely destroyed and rebuilt buildings, the year of reconstruction is
#' taken as the year of construction.
#'
#' @section Building classifications:
#'
#' The census distinguishes three types of building classifications. Because
#' they are very close terminologically, they need clarification:
#'
#' \describe{
#' \item{\strong{Building size}}{Originally called "building type size"
#' (Gebäudetyp-Größe), this classification provides information on the
#' building type in relation to its size. Categories range from detached
#' single-family buildings to multi-story multi-unit buildings.}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Building type}}{Originally called "building type" (Gebäudeart),
#' this classification provides information about the residential use
#' of residential buildings. It distinguishes buildings based on how much
#' space is used for residential purposes. Categories include:
#' \itemize{
#' \item \strong{Buildings with living space}: Permanent buildings which
#' are either fully or partially reserved for residential use by
#' households. This also includes buildings used for administrative or
#' commercial purposes if they contain at least one dwelling used for
#' residential purposes. Buildings with living space are divided into
#' residential buildings and other buildings with living space.
#'
#' \item \strong{Residential buildings}: Buildings in which at least half of
#' the total usable floor space is used for residential purposes. Residential
#' buildings also include dormitories (where residents run their own
#' household).
#'
#' \item \strong{Dormitories}: Dormitories are residential buildings that
#' primarily serve the housing needs of certain groups of the population
#' (e.g. student residences, retirement homes). Dormitories have common
#' rooms. Residents of dormitories run their own households.
#'
#' \item \strong{Other buildings with living space}: Buildings in which
#' less than half of the total floor space is used for residential
#' purposes, e.g. because the building is predominantly occupied by
#' stores or offices.
#' }}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Building design}}{Originally called "building type construction
#' design" (Gebäudetyp-Bauweise), this classification specifies the
#' morphological design of a building, i.e. whether it is detached,
#' semi-detached, terraced or something else.}
#' }
#'
#'
#' @section Citizens / Citizenship:
#'
#' Persons with German citizenship are counted as German \strong{citizens}.
#' When assigning citizenship, a distinction is made between persons with German
#' and non-German citizenship. Persons with a German citizenship are considered
#' to be German, regardless of the existence of other citizenships.
#'
#' Members of the German Armed Forces, police authorities and the Foreign
#' Service working abroad and their families residing there are not included in
#' this analysis, as they cannot be assigned regionally at grid cell level in
#' Germany.
#'
#' @section Core family:
#'
#' This characteristic indicates the type of \strong{core family} according to
#' national typification, i.e. according to the reference person principle,
#' taking into account secondary residents. A core family consists of two or
#' more persons belonging to the same private household and is made up of the
#' reference person of the private household - a central person of the private
#' household defined by age, marital status and gender - and at least one other
#' person, e.g. the partner or a child of the reference person. This family
#' concept restricts relationships between ancestors and descendants to direct
#' relationships (first degree), i.e. relationships between parents and
#' children. Only one core family can exist in a household. Other persons
#' living in the household are not assigned to a core family. A household
#' without a core family is possible.
#'
#' The type of core family depends on the type of couple relationship or
#' the gender of the single parent, and on the presence and age (under or over
#' 18) of children. The term marriage is not differentiated according to the
#' gender of the married persons. Persons in shared accommodation are not
#' included here, only persons who have their own household.
#'
#' A range of terms relate to core families:
#'
#' \itemize{
#' \item A \strong{couple} comprises of married couples, couples in a
#' registered civil partnership and couples in a non-marital partnership
#' who live together in a private household.
#' \item A \strong{married couple} is a couple married according to the legal
#' marital status on the reference date and living in a private household.
#' \item A \strong{registered civil partnership} (ELP) is a legally
#' recognized same-sex couple in a private household according to the legal
#' marital status on the reference date.
#' \item A \strong{non-marital partnership} (NELG) is a mixed-sex couple
#' in a private household who were not married to each other according to
#' their legal marital status on the reference date.
#' \item A \strong{single mother} or a \strong{single father} is a parent
#' without a partner with at least one child within a private household.
#' \item A \strong{child} is a biological son, stepson or adopted son or a
#' biological daughter, stepdaughter or adopted daughter (regardless of age)
#' whose usual place of residence is in the private household of at least one
#' parent and one parent is the caregiver and/or partner of the caregiver.
#' \item A \strong{senior} is defined as a person who has reached the
#' age of 65 on the census date.
#' }
#'
#' @section Dwelling:
#'
#' A \strong{dwelling} is defined as rooms that are closed off from the outside,
#' intended for residential purposes, usually located together, which enable
#' the management of a separate household and are not used entirely for
#' commercial purposes.
#'
#' A dwelling does not necessarily have to contain a kitchen or kitchenette.
#' Apartments have their own entrance directly from the outside, from a
#' stairwell or a vestibule. However, a dwelling may also include basement or
#' floor rooms (e.g. attics) that are developed for residential purposes
#' outside the actual end of the dwelling.
#'
#' @section Floor space:
#'
#' To determine the \strong{floor space}, the following areas are taken into
#' account:
#'
#' \itemize{
#' \item \strong{full}: floor areas of rooms or parts of rooms with a clear
#' height of at least 2 meters.
#'
#' \item \strong{half}: floor areas of rooms or parts of rooms with a clear
#' height of at least 1 meter but less than 2 meters; unheatable observatories,
#' swimming pools, and similar rooms closed on all sides.
#'
#' \item \strong{generally a quarter, but no more than half}: areas of
#' balconies, loggias, roof gardens, terraces.
#' }
#'
#'
#' @section Foreigners:
#'
#' Persons with a non-German nationality are counted as \strong{foreigners}.
#' When assigning nationality, a distinction is made between persons with German
#' and non-German nationality. Persons with German citizenship are considered
#' German, regardless of the existence of other citizenships.
#'
#' @section Household:
#'
#' A private \strong{household} consists of at least one person. This is based
#' on the "concept of communal living": all persons who live together in
#' dwelling, regardless of their residential status (sole residence, main or
#' secondary residence), are considered members of the same private household,
#' meaning that there is one private household per occupied dwelling. There
#' is a maximum of one core family in a household. Other persons living in the
#' household are not assigned to a core family.
#'
#' @section Heating type:
#'
#' The characteristic reflects the \strong{type of heating} in the building. This
#' evaluation is carried out for dwellings. The predominant type of heating
#' in the building is broken down according to which spatial unit (district,
#' building block, building, dwelling, room) is heated by the heating system.
#' In passive houses, systems for heat recovery/controlled ventilation systems
#' are considered "heating" and are assigned accordingly (usually: central
#' heating).
#'
#' \describe{
#' \item{\strong{District heating}}{Here, entire residential districts are supplied
#' with heat from a central district heating plant (so-called district
#' heating).}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Self-contained central heating}}{Self-contained central
#' heating refers to a central heating system for all rooms in a self-contained
#' dwelling, whereby the heating source (for example, gas boiler) is usually
#' located within this dwelling.}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Block heating}}{Block heating is when a block of entire houses is
#' heated by a central heating system and the heating source is located in
#' or on one of the buildings or in its immediate vicinity (so-called local
#' heating).}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Central heating}}{With central heating, all the residential units in
#' a building are heated from a central heating point located within the
#' building (usually in the basement). This also includes heat pumps.}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Single or multi-room stoves}}{Individual stoves (such as coal or
#' night storage stoves) only heat the room in which they are located at any
#' one time. They are usually permanently installed. A multi-room stove (e.g.
#' tiled stove) heats several rooms at the same time (also through air ducts).
#' No heating in the building or in the dwellings}
#' }
#'
#' @section Marital status:
#'
#' The \strong{marital status} indicates a person's marital status under
#' personal law. The marital status under personal law is determined in
#' accordance with the Personenstandsgesetz (PStG) and the
#' Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetz (LPartG).
#'
#' The introduction of the right to marriage for persons of the same
#' sex (Eheöffnungsgesetz) has allowed same-sex couples to marry since October
#' 1, 2017. The establishment of new registered civil partnerships under the
#' Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetz (LPartG) has no longer
#' been possible since October 1, 2017. Unless existing civil partnerships are
#' converted into a marriage, registered civil partnerships remain in place.
#'
#' @section Net rent:
#'
#' The average \strong{net rent} per square meter is the ratio between the total rent
#' per square meter of the dwellings and the total number of dwellings. The
#' calculation is made for rented dwellings in residential buildings
#' (excluding dormitories). Dwellings not rented out are excluded from
#' the calculation.
#'
#' @section Ownership:
#'
#' Ownership is divided into \strong{home ownership} and
#' \strong{property ownership}. Home ownership determines who is entitled to
#' ownership of a dwelling in a building divided according to the
#' Wohneigentumsgesetz (WEG) while property ownership determines who is entitled
#' to ownership in a building. Owners can be private individuals or legal
#' entities.
#'
#' The \strong{ownership rate} represents the share of owner-occupied dwellings
#' in all occupied dwellings. Not taken into account: Vacant dwellings,
#' vacation and leisure dwellings and commercially used dwellings. The
#' calculation is made for dwellings in residential buildings (excluding
#' halls of residence).
#'
#' @section Place of birth:
#'
#' Persons born up to August 2, 1945 in former German eastern territories
#' within the borders of Germany in 1937 are not counted as born abroad, but
#' are assigned the German state code. If the \strong{place of birth} is not
#' within these borders, the current state code is assigned. Places of birth in
#' countries that have merged into other countries, such as the Soviet Union
#' or Yugoslavia, are assigned to the countries that exist today wherever
#' possible.
#'
#' \describe{
#' \item{\strong{EU27}}{Comprises the member states of the European Union as of 15 May
#' 2022, previously last amended by the UK's withdrawal in 2020. Persons born in
#' Czechoslovakia are also included in "EU27 country (as of 2020)" with the
#' current country codes. Croatia is also included here following its accession
#' to the EU on July 1, 2013.}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Other Europe}}{Includes the Russian Federation and Turkey as well as
#' other current country codes of the former Soviet Union and the former
#' Yugoslavia. Great Britain is assigned here following its withdrawal
#' from the EU.}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Other World}}{Includes all other countries. This category includes
#' other current country codes of the former Soviet Union that were not
#' assigned to "Other Europe".}
#'
#' \item{\strong{Other}}{Includes "Not specified".}
#' }
#'
#' @section Residents:
#'
#' Each \strong{resident} is assigned to an \strong{address} and thus to a
#' grid cell with a side length of 100 m, 1 km or 10 km. Members of the German
#' Armed Forces, police authorities and the Foreign Service working abroad and
#' their families living there are not included in this analysis, as they cannot
#' be assigned regionally at grid cell level in Germany.
#'
#' @section Room:
#'
#' A \strong{room} is either a living room, dining room, bedroom or other
#' separate room (e.g. habitable cellar or floor rooms) of at least 6 square
#' meters in size as well as self-contained kitchens, regardless of their
#' size. Bathrooms, toilets, hallways and utility rooms are generally not
#' counted. A living room with a dining area, sleeping alcove or kitchenette
#' is to be counted as one room. Accordingly, dwellings in which there is no
#' structural separation of the individual living areas (e.g. so-called
#' "loft dwellings") consist of only one room.
#'
#' @section Source of heating:
#'
#' The characteristic shows the energy \strong{source of the heating} in the building.
#' This evaluation is carried out for dwellings. Energy source used to heat
#' the building. If there are several energy sources in the building, it is the
#' one that heats the largest part of the living space. In passive houses, the
#' residual heat requirement is covered by an additional source, which is
#' specified here.
#'
#' \itemize{
#' \item \strong{Gas}
#' \item \strong{Heating oil}
#' \item \strong{Wood, wood pellets}
#' \item \strong{Biomass (excluding wood), biogas}: All organic substances produced by
#' plants or animals from which energy can be obtained by burning. Energy can
#' be obtained through combustion. This includes straw, organic waste or
#' liquid manure (excluding wood). Biogas is produced during the fermentation
#' of biomass and is also classified here.
#' \item \strong{Solar/geothermal energy, environmental heat, exhaust air heat}:
#' Solar energy as well as energy from water, air and earth is obtained here
#' with the help of collectors, heat pumps and heat exchangers. This also
#' includes heat obtained from the exhaust air of buildings (so-called exhaust
#' air heat).
#' \item \strong{Electricity (without heat pumps)}
#' \item \strong{Coal}
#' \item \strong{District heating (various heating sources)}
#' \item \strong{No energy source (no heating)}
#' }
#'
#' @section Vacancy:
#'
#' The \strong{vacancy rate} (dwellings) represents the ratio of vacant dwellings
#' to all occupied and vacant dwellings. The market-active vacancy rate
#' represents the proportion of vacant dwellings that are available again
#' within three months as a percentage of all dwellings in residential
#' buildings. Not taken into account: Vacation and leisure dwellings as well as
#' commercially used dwellings. The calculation is made for dwellings in
#' residential buildings (excluding halls of residence).
#'
#' @source Translated and slightly edited version of the dataset descriptions
#' of the Zensus 2022 and Zensus 2011 gridded datasets by the Federal
#' Statistical Office of Germany.
#'
#' © Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder, 2024
#'
#' @name glossary
#' @encoding UTF-8
NULL
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