To learn more about $S$-values, otherwise known as Shannon-information values, which are the base-2 log transformation of the observed $P$-value $p$, see the following references below the calculator.[@Shannon1948-uq; @goodSurpriseIndexMultivariate1956; @goodCorrectionsSurpriseIndex1957; @bayarriQuantifyingSurpriseData1999; @Greenland2017-es; @greenlandValidPvaluesBehave2019; @coleSurprise2020; @rothmanTakenSurprise2020; @rafiSemanticCognitiveTools2020; @greenlandAidScientificInference2020]
knitr::opts_chunk$set( message = TRUE, warning = TRUE, collapse = TRUE, comment = "#>" )
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