| dual | R Documentation | 
dual produces the orthogonal complement for subspaces or for
ellipsoids. This is equivalent to inverting \Sigma or an inner product
ip when these are non-singular.
dual(x, ...)
## S3 method for class 'gell'
dual(x, ...)
| x | An object, of class  | 
| ... | Other arguments, unused for now. | 
At present, dual is only defined for objects of class "gell".
In the (U,D) representation, the dual simply has the columns of U in the reverse order, and the reciprocals of the diagonal elements of D, also in reverse order.
A (U, D) representation of the dual, with components LIST, use
| u | Right singular vectors | 
| d | Singular values | 
Georges Monette
Dempster, A. (1969). Elements of Continuous Multivariate Analysis Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
gell
(zplane <- gell(span = diag(3)[,1:2]))  # a plane
dual(zplane)  # line orthogonal to that plane
(zhplane <- gell(center = c(0,0,2), span = diag(3)[,1:2]))  # a hyperplane
dual(zhplane) # orthogonal line through same center (note that the 'gell'
              # object with a center contains more information than the geometric plane)
zorigin <- gell(span = cbind(c(0,0,0)))
dual( zorigin )
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