temp2raw: Converts temperature (oC) to raw thermal data
In gtatters/Thermimage: Thermal Image Analysis

Description Usage Arguments Details Value Author(s) References See Also Examples

Inverse of the function raw2temp. Typically used when incorrect settings were used during thermal imaging analysis, and the raw values need to be extracted in order to re-calculate temperature using raw2temp. Parameters under which the temperatures were estimated should be known, since the conversion to raw will take those into account.

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temp2raw(temp, E = 1, OD = 1, RTemp = 20, ATemp = RTemp, IRWTemp = RTemp, IRT = 1, 
RH = 50, PR1 = 21106.77, PB = 1501, PF = 1, PO = -7340, PR2 = 0.012545258,
  ATA1=0.006569, ATA2=0.01262, ATB1=-0.002276, ATB2=-0.00667, ATX=1.9)

`temp`	estimate temperature (oC) from an infrared thermal imaging file
`E`	Emissivity - default 1, should be ~0.95 to 0.97 depending on object of interest. Determined by user.
`OD`	Object distance from thermal camera in metres
`RTemp`	Apparent reflected temperature (oC) of the enrivonment impinging on the object of interest - one value from FLIR file (oC), default 20C.
`ATemp`	Atmospheric temperature (oC) for infrared tranmission loss - one value from FLIR file (oC) - default value is set to be equal to the reflected temperature. Transmission loss is a function of absolute humidity in the air.
`IRWTemp`	Infrared Window Temperature (oC). Default is set to be equivalent to reflected temp (oC).
`IRT`	Infrared Window transmission - default is set to 1.0. Likely ~0.95-0.97. Should be empirically determined. Germanium windows with anti-reflective coating typically have IRTs ~0.95-0.97.
`RH`	Relative humidity expressed as percent. Default value is 50.
`PR1`	PlanckR1 - a calibration constant for FLIR cameras
`PB`	PlanckB - a calibration constant for FLIR cameras
`PF`	PlanckF - a calibration constant for FLIR cameras
`PO`	PlanckO - a calibration constant for FLIR cameras
`PR2`	PlanckR2 - a calibration constant for FLIR cameras
`ATA1`	ATA1 - an atmospheric attenuation constant to calculate atmospheric tau
`ATA2`	ATA2 - an atmospheric attenuation constant to calculate atmospheric tau
`ATB1`	ATB1 - an atmospheric attenuation constant to calculate atmospheric tau
`ATB2`	ATB2 - an atmospheric attenuation constant to calculate atmospheric tau
`ATX`	ATX - an atmospheric attenuation constant to calculate atmospheric tau

Note: PR1, PR2, PB, PF, and PO are specific to each camera and result from the calibration at factory of the camera's Raw data signal recording from a blackbody radiation source. Sample calibration constants for three different cameras (FLIR SC660 with 24x18 degree lens, FLIR T300 with 25x19 degree lens, FLIR T300 with 2xtelephoto.

Calibration Constants by cameras: SC660, T300(25o), T300(25o with telephoto)

Constant	FLIR SC660	FLIR T300	FLIR T300(t)
PR1:	21106.77	14364.633	14906.216
PB:	1501	1385.4	1396.5
PF:	1	1	1
PO:	-7340	-5753	-7261
PR2:	0.012545258	0.010603162	0.010956882

PR1: PlanckR1 calibration constant PB: PlanckB calibration constant PF: PlanckF calibration constant PO: PlanckO calibration constant PR2: PlanckR2 calibration constant

The calibration constants allow for the raw digital signal conversion to and from the predicted radiance of a blackbody, using the standard equation:

temperature<-PB/log(PR1/(PR2*(raw+PO))+PF)-273.15

Also used in calculations for transmission loss are the following constants: ATA1: Atmospheric Trans Alpha 1 0.006569 ATA2: Atmospheric Trans Alpha 2 0.012620 ATB1: Atmospheric Trans Beta 1 -0.002276 ATB2: Atmospheric Trans Beta 2 -0.006670 ATX: Atmospheric Trans X 1.900000

Some files may return slightly different ATA1, ATA2, ATB1, ATB2, and ATX values. Use the flirsettings function to find out what constants are used for your files.

Returns numeric value. Can handle vector or matrix objects.

Glenn J. Tattersall

1. http://130.15.24.88/exiftool/forum/index.php/topic,4898.60.html

2. Minkina, W. and Dudzik, S. 2009. Infrared Thermography: Errors and Uncertainties. Wiley Press, 192 pp.

raw2temp

# General Usage:
# temp2raw(temp,E,OD,RTemp,ATemp,IRWTemp,IRT,RH,PR1,PB,PF,PO,PR2)

# Example with all settings at default/blackbody levels:
temp2raw(23,1,0,20,20,20,1,50,PR1=21106.77,PB=1501,PF=1,PO=-7340,PR2=0.012545258)

# Example with emissivity=0.95, distance=1m, window transmission=0.96, all temperatures=20C,
# 50 RH:

temp2raw(23,0.95,1,20,20,20,0.96,50) 
# Note: default calibration constants for my FLIR camera will be used if you leave out the
# calibration data

t<-10:50
r1.0<-temp2raw(t,1,0,20,20,20,0.96,50)
r0.9<-temp2raw(t,0.9,0,20,20,20,0.96,50)

dev.off()
plot(t,r1.0,type="l",col="red")
lines(t,r0.9,col="black")
legend("topleft", bty = "n", c("E=1.0", "E=0.9"), lty=c(1,1), col=c("red", "black"))

# For information on the effectiveness of the raw2temp and temp2raw 
# functions at estimating temperature properly, see the following:
# https://github.com/gtatters/ThermimageCalibration