contr.isotonic.rev: Contrast Matrix for Reversed Isotonic Covariate In mdonoghoe/logbin: Relative Risk Regression Using the Log-Binomial Model

Description

Return something similar to a contrast matrix for a categorical covariate that we wish to be monotonically non-decreasing in a specified order.

Usage

 `1` ```contr.isotonic.rev(n, perm, contrasts = TRUE, sparse = FALSE) ```

Arguments

 `n` a vector of levels for a factor, or the number of levels. `perm` a permutation of the levels of `n` (or of the numbers `1:n`), which define the order in which the coefficients must be monotonically non-decreasing. `contrasts` a logical indicating whether constrasts should be computed. `sparse` included for compatibility reasons. Has no effect.

Details

This function is used in creating the design matrix for categorical covariates with a specified order under a particular parameterisation. This is required if a categorical covariate is defined as monotonic.

In the order specified by `perm`, the coefficient associated with each level is the sum of increments between the following levels. That is, if there are a total of k levels, the first level is defined as d_2 + d_3 + d_4 + \cdots + d_k, the second as d_3 + d_4 + \cdots + d_k, the third as d_4 + \cdots + d_k, and so on. In fitting the model, these increments are constrained to be non-positive.

Note that these are not ‘contrasts’ as defined in the theory for linear models, rather this is used to define the `contrasts` attribute of each variable so that `model.matrix` produces the desired design matrix.

Value

A matrix with `n` rows and k columns, with k=n-1 if `contrasts` is `TRUE` and k=n if `contrasts` is `FALSE`.

Author(s)

Mark W. Donoghoe [email protected]

`model.matrix`, which uses `contr.isotonic.rev` to create the design matrix.
`contr.treatment`, `contrasts` for their usual use in regression models.
 ```1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8``` ```contr.isotonic.rev(4,1:4) contr.isotonic.rev(4,c(1,3,2,4)) # Show how contr.isotonic.rev applies within model.matrix x <- factor(round(runif(20,0,2))) mf <- model.frame(~x) contrasts(x) <- contr.isotonic.rev(levels(x), levels(x)) model.matrix(mf) ```