data-raw/test-rnet_merge.md
In ropensci/stplanr: Sustainable Transport Planning
Test out network merging functionality
# Get zip in working directory
list.files("~/Downloads/", pattern = "zip")
f = list.files("~/Downloads/", pattern = "OneDrive_1_19-09-2023.zip", full.names = TRUE)
f
# Unzip
unzip(f, exdir = "./data-raw/csna_data")
Read-in data:
library(tidyverse)
── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr 1.1.3 ✔ readr 2.1.4
✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.0
✔ ggplot2 3.4.3 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
✔ lubridate 1.9.2 ✔ tidyr 1.3.0
✔ purrr 1.0.2
── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
list.files("./data-raw/csna_data/", pattern = "shp")
character(0)
csna_data = sf::read_sf("csna_data/Thurrock Roads_polyline.shp")
csna_data = sf::st_transform(csna_data, "EPSG:4326")
# Get OSM data for area
csna_convex_hull = sf::st_convex_hull(sf::st_union(csna_data))
csna_centroid = sf::st_centroid(csna_convex_hull)
plot(csna_convex_hull)
osm_data = osmextract::oe_get_network(csna_centroid, "driving", extra_tags = c("highway", "name", "maxspeed"), boundary = csna_convex_hull, boundary_type = "clipsrc")
The input place was matched with Essex.
The chosen file was already detected in the download directory. Skip downloading.
Starting with the vectortranslate operations on the input file!
0...10...20...30...40...50...60...70...80...90...100 - done.
Warning in CPL_gdalvectortranslate(source, destination, options, oo, doo, :
GDAL Message 1: A geometry of type MULTILINESTRING is inserted into layer lines
of geometry type LINESTRING, which is not normally allowed by the GeoPackage
specification, but the driver will however do it. To create a conformant
GeoPackage, if using ogr2ogr, the -nlt option can be used to override the layer
geometry type. This warning will no longer be emitted for this combination of
layer and feature geometry type.
Finished the vectortranslate operations on the input file!
Reading layer `lines' from data source
`/home/robin/data/osm/geofabrik_essex-latest.gpkg' using driver `GPKG'
Simple feature collection with 8993 features and 12 fields
Geometry type: MULTILINESTRING
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 0.216299 ymin: 51.45155 xmax: 0.5495789 ymax: 51.57737
Geodetic CRS: WGS 84
plot(osm_data$geometry)
# Length of networks
sum(sf::st_length(csna_data)) |>
units::set_units("km")
927.9664 [km]
sum(sf::st_length(osm_data)) |>
units::set_units("km")
1180.52 [km]
We’ll take a subset in a 500 m buffer in the centre of the study area.
buffer = sf::st_buffer(csna_centroid, 500)
osm_subset = sf::st_intersection(osm_data, buffer)
Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout
all geometries
csna_subset = sf::st_intersection(csna_data, buffer)
Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout
all geometries
Let’s plot the two networks:
plot(csna_subset$geometry, col = "red")
plot(osm_subset$geometry, col = "blue", add = TRUE)
summary(csna_subset$CSNA_Level)
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
2.000 2.000 2.000 2.517 3.000 6.000
funs = list(CSNA_level = max)
osm_joined = stplanr::rnet_merge(osm_subset, csna_subset, funs = funs)
Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout
all geometries
Warning in st_cast.sf(sf::st_cast(x, "MULTILINESTRING"), "LINESTRING"):
repeating attributes for all sub-geometries for which they may not be constant
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
waldo::compare(osm_joined$geometry, csna_subset$geometry)
`old` is length 107
`new` is length 118
`attr(old, 'bbox')`: "((0.3597854,51.50738),(0.3718281,51.51591))"
`attr(new, 'bbox')`: "((0.3597861,51.50738),(0.3717286,51.51591))"
`attr(old, 'crs')$input`: "WGS 84"
`attr(new, 'crs')$input`: "EPSG:4326"
`dim(old[[1]])`: 6 2
`dim(new[[1]])`: 4 2
`old[[1]]`: "LINESTRING (0.3672797 51.50..."
`new[[1]]`: "LINESTRING (0.3682288 51.51..."
`dim(old[[2]])`: 23 2
`dim(new[[2]])`: 2 2
`old[[2]]`: "LINESTRING (0.360145 51.510..."
`new[[2]]`: "LINESTRING (0.3633168 51.51..."
`old[[3]]`: "LINESTRING (0.370691 51.509..."
`new[[3]]`: "LINESTRING (0.3654734 51.51..."
`dim(old[[4]])`: 9 2
`dim(new[[4]])`: 12 2
`old[[4]]`: "LINESTRING (0.3661647 51.51..."
`new[[4]]`: "LINESTRING (0.361379 51.512..."
And 209 more differences ...
summary(osm_joined$geometry %in% osm_subset$geometry)
Mode TRUE
logical 107
osm_joined
Simple feature collection with 107 features and 14 fields
Geometry type: LINESTRING
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 0.3597854 ymin: 51.50738 xmax: 0.3718281 ymax: 51.51591
Geodetic CRS: WGS 84
First 10 features:
osm_id name highway waterway aerialway barrier man_made access
1 4384852 Rowley Road residential <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
2 4384853 High Road secondary <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
3 4384855 School Lane residential <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
4 4384857 Pound Lane residential <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
5 4568525 Fen Lane unclassified <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
6 4568593 Mill Lane unclassified <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
7 4568594 Mill Lane unclassified <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
8 4568595 Mill Lane service <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
9 4568596 The Green residential <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
10 4568597 <NA> service <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
service maxspeed z_order
1 <NA> <NA> 3
2 <NA> <NA> 6
3 <NA> <NA> 3
4 <NA> <NA> 3
5 <NA> <NA> 3
6 <NA> <NA> 3
7 <NA> <NA> 3
8 <NA> <NA> 0
9 <NA> <NA> 3
10 <NA> <NA> 0
other_tags
1 <NA>
2 "ref"=>"B188"
3 "sidewalk"=>"both","surface"=>"asphalt"
4 <NA>
5 <NA>
6 "oneway"=>"yes"
7 <NA>
8 "designation"=>"public_bridleway","horse"=>"yes","motorcar"=>"private"
9 <NA>
10 <NA>
CSNA_level geometry length_x
1 3 LINESTRING (0.3672797 51.50... 119.95760
2 3 LINESTRING (0.360145 51.510... 509.84284
3 NA LINESTRING (0.370691 51.509... 241.89090
4 2 LINESTRING (0.3661647 51.51... 229.95311
5 3 LINESTRING (0.3606277 51.51... 69.71302
6 NA LINESTRING (0.3623346 51.51... 355.78291
7 NA LINESTRING (0.3636589 51.50... 125.19843
8 NA LINESTRING (0.3642193 51.50... 19.90700
9 2 LINESTRING (0.3665946 51.51... 194.09989
10 NA LINESTRING (0.368502 51.511... 67.64835
Let’s plot the result:osm_subset
osm_joined |>
select(CSNA_level) |>
plot()
Plot with tmap
library(tmap)
The legacy packages maptools, rgdal, and rgeos, underpinning the sp package,
which was just loaded, will retire in October 2023.
Please refer to R-spatial evolution reports for details, especially
https://r-spatial.org/r/2023/05/15/evolution4.html.
It may be desirable to make the sf package available;
package maintainers should consider adding sf to Suggests:.
The sp package is now running under evolution status 2
(status 2 uses the sf package in place of rgdal)
Breaking News: tmap 3.x is retiring. Please test v4, e.g. with
remotes::install_github('r-tmap/tmap')
brks = 1:5
m1 = tm_shape(osm_joined) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
m2 = tm_shape(csna_subset) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_Level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
tmap_arrange(m2, m1)
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
We can try to improve the fit by changing the arguments that feed into
the rnet_merge function.
osm_joined2 = stplanr::rnet_merge(osm_subset, csna_subset, funs = funs, dist = 15)
Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout
all geometries
Warning in st_cast.sf(sf::st_cast(x, "MULTILINESTRING"), "LINESTRING"):
repeating attributes for all sub-geometries for which they may not be constant
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
m1 = tm_shape(osm_joined2) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
m2 = tm_shape(csna_subset) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_Level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
tmap_arrange(m2, m1)
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
We’ll set a max segment length.
args(stplanr::rnet_join)
function (rnet_x, rnet_y, dist = 5, length_y = TRUE, key_column = 1,
subset_x = TRUE, dist_subset = NULL, segment_length = 0,
endCapStyle = "FLAT", contains = TRUE, max_angle_diff = NULL,
...)
NULL
osm_joined3 = stplanr::rnet_merge(osm_subset, csna_subset, funs = funs, dist = 15, segment_length = 10)
Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout
all geometries
Warning in st_cast.sf(sf::st_cast(x, "MULTILINESTRING"), "LINESTRING"):
repeating attributes for all sub-geometries for which they may not be constant
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
Linking to GEOS 3.11.1, GDAL 3.6.4, PROJ 9.1.1; sf_use_s2() is TRUE
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
m1 = tm_shape(osm_joined3) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
m2 = tm_shape(csna_subset) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_Level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
tmap_arrange(m2, m1)
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Finally we’ll set a max angle difference.
osm_joined4 = stplanr::rnet_merge(osm_subset, csna_subset, funs = funs, dist = 7, segment_length = 10, max_angle_diff = 30)
Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout
all geometries
Warning in st_cast.sf(sf::st_cast(x, "MULTILINESTRING"), "LINESTRING"):
repeating attributes for all sub-geometries for which they may not be constant
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
Warning: st_centroid assumes attributes are constant over geometries
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
m1 = tm_shape(osm_joined4) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
m2 = tm_shape(csna_subset) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_Level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
tmap_arrange(m2, m1)
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Save the output as follows.
sf::st_write(osm_joined4, "osm_joined4.geojson")
Writing layer `osm_joined4' to data source
`osm_joined4.geojson' using driver `GeoJSON'
Writing 107 features with 14 fields and geometry type Line String.
ropensci/stplanr documentation built on Aug. 26, 2024, 9:48 p.m.
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Test out network merging functionality
# Get zip in working directory
list.files("~/Downloads/", pattern = "zip")
f = list.files("~/Downloads/", pattern = "OneDrive_1_19-09-2023.zip", full.names = TRUE)
f
# Unzip
unzip(f, exdir = "./data-raw/csna_data")
Read-in data:
library(tidyverse)
── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr 1.1.3 ✔ readr 2.1.4
✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.0
✔ ggplot2 3.4.3 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
✔ lubridate 1.9.2 ✔ tidyr 1.3.0
✔ purrr 1.0.2
── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
list.files("./data-raw/csna_data/", pattern = "shp")
character(0)
csna_data = sf::read_sf("csna_data/Thurrock Roads_polyline.shp")
csna_data = sf::st_transform(csna_data, "EPSG:4326")
# Get OSM data for area
csna_convex_hull = sf::st_convex_hull(sf::st_union(csna_data))
csna_centroid = sf::st_centroid(csna_convex_hull)
plot(csna_convex_hull)
osm_data = osmextract::oe_get_network(csna_centroid, "driving", extra_tags = c("highway", "name", "maxspeed"), boundary = csna_convex_hull, boundary_type = "clipsrc")
The input place was matched with Essex.
The chosen file was already detected in the download directory. Skip downloading.
Starting with the vectortranslate operations on the input file!
0...10...20...30...40...50...60...70...80...90...100 - done.
Warning in CPL_gdalvectortranslate(source, destination, options, oo, doo, :
GDAL Message 1: A geometry of type MULTILINESTRING is inserted into layer lines
of geometry type LINESTRING, which is not normally allowed by the GeoPackage
specification, but the driver will however do it. To create a conformant
GeoPackage, if using ogr2ogr, the -nlt option can be used to override the layer
geometry type. This warning will no longer be emitted for this combination of
layer and feature geometry type.
Finished the vectortranslate operations on the input file!
Reading layer `lines' from data source
`/home/robin/data/osm/geofabrik_essex-latest.gpkg' using driver `GPKG'
Simple feature collection with 8993 features and 12 fields
Geometry type: MULTILINESTRING
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 0.216299 ymin: 51.45155 xmax: 0.5495789 ymax: 51.57737
Geodetic CRS: WGS 84
plot(osm_data$geometry)
# Length of networks
sum(sf::st_length(csna_data)) |>
units::set_units("km")
927.9664 [km]
sum(sf::st_length(osm_data)) |>
units::set_units("km")
1180.52 [km]
We’ll take a subset in a 500 m buffer in the centre of the study area.
buffer = sf::st_buffer(csna_centroid, 500)
osm_subset = sf::st_intersection(osm_data, buffer)
Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout
all geometries
csna_subset = sf::st_intersection(csna_data, buffer)
Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout
all geometries
Let’s plot the two networks:
plot(csna_subset$geometry, col = "red")
plot(osm_subset$geometry, col = "blue", add = TRUE)
summary(csna_subset$CSNA_Level)
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
2.000 2.000 2.000 2.517 3.000 6.000
funs = list(CSNA_level = max)
osm_joined = stplanr::rnet_merge(osm_subset, csna_subset, funs = funs)
Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout
all geometries
Warning in st_cast.sf(sf::st_cast(x, "MULTILINESTRING"), "LINESTRING"):
repeating attributes for all sub-geometries for which they may not be constant
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
waldo::compare(osm_joined$geometry, csna_subset$geometry)
`old` is length 107
`new` is length 118
`attr(old, 'bbox')`: "((0.3597854,51.50738),(0.3718281,51.51591))"
`attr(new, 'bbox')`: "((0.3597861,51.50738),(0.3717286,51.51591))"
`attr(old, 'crs')$input`: "WGS 84"
`attr(new, 'crs')$input`: "EPSG:4326"
`dim(old[[1]])`: 6 2
`dim(new[[1]])`: 4 2
`old[[1]]`: "LINESTRING (0.3672797 51.50..."
`new[[1]]`: "LINESTRING (0.3682288 51.51..."
`dim(old[[2]])`: 23 2
`dim(new[[2]])`: 2 2
`old[[2]]`: "LINESTRING (0.360145 51.510..."
`new[[2]]`: "LINESTRING (0.3633168 51.51..."
`old[[3]]`: "LINESTRING (0.370691 51.509..."
`new[[3]]`: "LINESTRING (0.3654734 51.51..."
`dim(old[[4]])`: 9 2
`dim(new[[4]])`: 12 2
`old[[4]]`: "LINESTRING (0.3661647 51.51..."
`new[[4]]`: "LINESTRING (0.361379 51.512..."
And 209 more differences ...
summary(osm_joined$geometry %in% osm_subset$geometry)
Mode TRUE
logical 107
osm_joined
Simple feature collection with 107 features and 14 fields
Geometry type: LINESTRING
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 0.3597854 ymin: 51.50738 xmax: 0.3718281 ymax: 51.51591
Geodetic CRS: WGS 84
First 10 features:
osm_id name highway waterway aerialway barrier man_made access
1 4384852 Rowley Road residential <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
2 4384853 High Road secondary <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
3 4384855 School Lane residential <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
4 4384857 Pound Lane residential <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
5 4568525 Fen Lane unclassified <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
6 4568593 Mill Lane unclassified <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
7 4568594 Mill Lane unclassified <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
8 4568595 Mill Lane service <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
9 4568596 The Green residential <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
10 4568597 <NA> service <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
service maxspeed z_order
1 <NA> <NA> 3
2 <NA> <NA> 6
3 <NA> <NA> 3
4 <NA> <NA> 3
5 <NA> <NA> 3
6 <NA> <NA> 3
7 <NA> <NA> 3
8 <NA> <NA> 0
9 <NA> <NA> 3
10 <NA> <NA> 0
other_tags
1 <NA>
2 "ref"=>"B188"
3 "sidewalk"=>"both","surface"=>"asphalt"
4 <NA>
5 <NA>
6 "oneway"=>"yes"
7 <NA>
8 "designation"=>"public_bridleway","horse"=>"yes","motorcar"=>"private"
9 <NA>
10 <NA>
CSNA_level geometry length_x
1 3 LINESTRING (0.3672797 51.50... 119.95760
2 3 LINESTRING (0.360145 51.510... 509.84284
3 NA LINESTRING (0.370691 51.509... 241.89090
4 2 LINESTRING (0.3661647 51.51... 229.95311
5 3 LINESTRING (0.3606277 51.51... 69.71302
6 NA LINESTRING (0.3623346 51.51... 355.78291
7 NA LINESTRING (0.3636589 51.50... 125.19843
8 NA LINESTRING (0.3642193 51.50... 19.90700
9 2 LINESTRING (0.3665946 51.51... 194.09989
10 NA LINESTRING (0.368502 51.511... 67.64835
Let’s plot the result:osm_subset
osm_joined |>
select(CSNA_level) |>
plot()
Plot with tmap
library(tmap)
The legacy packages maptools, rgdal, and rgeos, underpinning the sp package,
which was just loaded, will retire in October 2023.
Please refer to R-spatial evolution reports for details, especially
https://r-spatial.org/r/2023/05/15/evolution4.html.
It may be desirable to make the sf package available;
package maintainers should consider adding sf to Suggests:.
The sp package is now running under evolution status 2
(status 2 uses the sf package in place of rgdal)
Breaking News: tmap 3.x is retiring. Please test v4, e.g. with
remotes::install_github('r-tmap/tmap')
brks = 1:5
m1 = tm_shape(osm_joined) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
m2 = tm_shape(csna_subset) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_Level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
tmap_arrange(m2, m1)
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
We can try to improve the fit by changing the arguments that feed into
the rnet_merge function.
osm_joined2 = stplanr::rnet_merge(osm_subset, csna_subset, funs = funs, dist = 15)
Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout
all geometries
Warning in st_cast.sf(sf::st_cast(x, "MULTILINESTRING"), "LINESTRING"):
repeating attributes for all sub-geometries for which they may not be constant
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
m1 = tm_shape(osm_joined2) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
m2 = tm_shape(csna_subset) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_Level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
tmap_arrange(m2, m1)
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
We’ll set a max segment length.
args(stplanr::rnet_join)
function (rnet_x, rnet_y, dist = 5, length_y = TRUE, key_column = 1,
subset_x = TRUE, dist_subset = NULL, segment_length = 0,
endCapStyle = "FLAT", contains = TRUE, max_angle_diff = NULL,
...)
NULL
osm_joined3 = stplanr::rnet_merge(osm_subset, csna_subset, funs = funs, dist = 15, segment_length = 10)
Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout
all geometries
Warning in st_cast.sf(sf::st_cast(x, "MULTILINESTRING"), "LINESTRING"):
repeating attributes for all sub-geometries for which they may not be constant
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
Linking to GEOS 3.11.1, GDAL 3.6.4, PROJ 9.1.1; sf_use_s2() is TRUE
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
m1 = tm_shape(osm_joined3) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
m2 = tm_shape(csna_subset) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_Level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
tmap_arrange(m2, m1)
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Finally we’ll set a max angle difference.
osm_joined4 = stplanr::rnet_merge(osm_subset, csna_subset, funs = funs, dist = 7, segment_length = 10, max_angle_diff = 30)
Warning: attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout
all geometries
Warning in st_cast.sf(sf::st_cast(x, "MULTILINESTRING"), "LINESTRING"):
repeating attributes for all sub-geometries for which they may not be constant
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
Warning: st_centroid assumes attributes are constant over geometries
Joining with `by = join_by(osm_id)`
m1 = tm_shape(osm_joined4) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
m2 = tm_shape(csna_subset) +
tm_lines(col = "CSNA_Level", palette = "viridis", breaks = brks)
tmap_arrange(m2, m1)
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Warning: Values have found that are higher than the highest break
Save the output as follows.
sf::st_write(osm_joined4, "osm_joined4.geojson")
Writing layer `osm_joined4' to data source
`osm_joined4.geojson' using driver `GeoJSON'
Writing 107 features with 14 fields and geometry type Line String.
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