##
## R package splines2 by Wenjie Wang and Jun Yan
## Copyright (C) 2016-2024
##
## This file is part of the R package splines2.
##
## The R package splines2 is free software: You can redistribute it and/or
## modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
## the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or any later
## version (at your option). See the GNU General Public License at
## <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/> for details.
##
## The R package splines2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of
## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
##
##' M-Spline Basis for Polynomial Splines
##'
##' Generates the basis matrix of regular M-spline, periodic M-spline, and the
##' corresponding integrals and derivatives.
##'
##' This function contains an implementation of the closed-form M-spline basis
##' based on the recursion formula given by Ramsay (1988) or periodic M-spline
##' basis following the procedure producing periodic B-splines given in Piegl
##' and Tiller (1997). For monotone regression, one can use I-splines (see
##' \code{\link{iSpline}}) instead of M-splines. For shape-restricted
##' regression, see Wang and Yan (2021) for examples.
##'
##' The function \code{msp()} is an alias of to encourage the use in a model
##' formula.
##'
##' @inheritParams bSpline
##' @inherit bSpline return
##'
##' @references
##' Ramsay, J. O. (1988). Monotone regression splines in action.
##' \emph{Statistical science}, 3(4), 425--441.
##'
##' Piegl, L., & Tiller, W. (1997). \emph{The NURBS book}. Springer Science &
##' Business Media.
##'
##' Wang, W., & Yan, J. (2021). \emph{Shape-restricted regression splines with R
##' package splines2}. Journal of Data Science, 19(3),498--517.
##'
##' @example inst/examples/ex-mSpline.R
##'
##' @seealso
##' \code{\link{bSpline}} for B-splines;
##' \code{\link{iSpline}} for I-splines;
##' \code{\link{cSpline}} for C-splines.
##'
##' @export
mSpline <- function(x, df = NULL, knots = NULL, degree = 3L,
intercept = FALSE, Boundary.knots = NULL,
periodic = FALSE, derivs = 0L, integral = FALSE,
warn.outside = getOption("splines2.warn.outside", TRUE),
...)
{
## check inputs
if ((derivs <- as.integer(derivs)) < 0) {
stop("The 'derivs' must be a nonnegative integer.")
}
if ((degree <- as.integer(degree)) < 0)
stop("The 'degree' must be a nonnegative integer.")
if (is.null(df)) {
df <- 0L
} else {
df <- as.integer(df)
if (df < 0) {
stop("The 'df' must be a nonnegative integer.")
} else if (periodic && df < degree) {
stop("The 'df' must be >= 'degree' for periodic spline basis.")
}
}
knots <- null2num0(knots)
Boundary.knots <- null2num0(Boundary.knots)
## take care of possible NA's in `x`
nax <- is.na(x)
if (all(nax)) {
stop("The 'x' cannot be all NA's!")
}
## remove NA's in x
xx <- if (nas <- any(nax)) {
x[! nax]
} else {
x
}
## call the engine function
out <- rcpp_mSpline(
x = xx,
df = df,
degree = degree,
internal_knots = knots,
boundary_knots = Boundary.knots,
complete_basis = intercept,
periodic = periodic,
derivs = derivs,
integral = integral
)
## throw warning if any x is outside of the boundary
b_knots <- attr(out, "Boundary.knots")
if (warn.outside && ! periodic &&
any((xx < b_knots[1L]) | (xx > b_knots[2L]))) {
warning(wrapMessages(
"Some 'x' values beyond boundary knots",
"may cause ill-conditioned basis functions."
))
}
## keep NA's as is
if (nas) {
nmat <- matrix(NA, length(nax), ncol(out))
nmat[! nax, ] <- out
saved_attr <- attributes(out)
saved_attr$dim[1] <- length(nax)
out <- nmat
attributes(out) <- saved_attr
attr(out, "x") <- x
}
## add dimnames for consistency
name_x <- names(x)
if (! is.null(name_x)) {
row.names(out) <- name_x
}
## add class
class(out) <- c("MSpline", "splines2", "matrix")
out
}
##' @rdname mSpline
##' @export
msp <- mSpline
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