#' Extended UDS
#'
#' A dataset extending the Unified Democracy Scores of Pemstein, Meserve, and
#' Melton (2010) to the 19th century (and sometimes before), updating it with
#' 2013-2016 data, and calculating scores for countries not in the official UD
#' release. Cite both Pemstein, Meserve, and Melton 2010 as well as Marquez
#' 2016.
#'
#' @section Overview:
#'
#' This dataset contains an extension of the Unified Democracy Scores of
#' Pemstein, Meserve, and Melton (2010). PMM 2010 use a latent variable
#' approach to combine diverse measurements of democracy for a broad panel of
#' countries from 1946 to 2012; this dataset extends the scores by using more
#' democracy measures with broader temporal and spatial coverage, generating
#' democracy scores for 26,258 country-years (248 distinct countries and
#' territories), including 18,345 country-years for independent, sovereign
#' countries from 1816 to 2016.
#'
#' The measurement of democracy is complicated and controversial. The extended
#' UDS makes few judgments about what measures of democracy should be used to
#' generate latent democracy scores, as long as they have been used in
#' scholarly work. It uses dichotomous, trichotomous, ordinal, and continuous
#' indices; indices that focus primarily on the "competition" and indices that
#' focus on the "participation" dimension of democracy; "thick" indices that
#' attempt to measure a wide variety of characteristics plausibly attributed
#' to democracy; and "minimalist" indexes that restrict themselves to the bare
#' minimum of competition. Nevertheless, most of these indexes agree that
#' democracy has something to do with competition and participation, even if
#' they weight these dimensions somewhat differently, and even if they include
#' other things, such as civil rights.
#'
#' The latent variable score is calculated using the following variables in
#' the [democracy] dataset: "pmm_arat", "blm", "bmr_democracy",
#' "bnr_extended", "pmm_bollen", "doorenspleet",
#' "wgi_democracy","fh_total_reversed", "fh_electoral",
#' "gwf_democracy_extended", "pmm_hadenius", "kailitz_tri", "lexical_index",
#' "mainwaring", "magaloni_democracy_extended", "pmm_munck", "pacl", "PEPS1v",
#' "pitf", "polity2", "reign_democracy", "polyarchy_original_contestation",
#' "prc", "svolik_democracy", "ulfelder_democracy_extended",
#' "utip_dichotomous_strict", "v2x_polyarchy", "vanhanen_democratization",
#' "wth_democ1". Please refer to the documentation of [democracy] for more
#' details on these measures of democracy, and to Marquez 2016 for more
#' details on the construction of the extended latent variable model used to
#' generate the scores.
#'
#' @template standard-variables
#'
#' @template latent-variables
#'
#' @references
#'
#' Marquez, Xavier. 2016. A Quick Method for Extending the Unified Democracy
#' Scores (March 23, 2016). Available at SSRN:
#' \url{http://ssrn.com/abstract=2753830}
#'
#' Pemstein, Daniel, Stephen Meserve, and James Melton. 2010. Democratic
#' Compromise: A Latent Variable Analysis of Ten Measures of Regime Type.
#' Political Analysis 18 (4): 426-449. DOI:10.1093/pan/mpq020
#'
#' @family democracy
#' @author Xavier Marquez, Political Science and International Relations
#' Programme, Victoria University of Wellington, marquez.x@gmail.com
"extended_uds"
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