ef_cetesb: Emissions factors for Environment Company of Sao Paulo,...
In vein: Vehicular Emissions Inventories
ef_cetesb R Documentation
Emissions factors for Environment Company of Sao Paulo, Brazil (CETESB)
Description
ef_cetesb returns a vector or data.frame of Brazilian emission factors.
Usage
ef_cetesb(
p,
veh,
year = 2017,
agemax = 40,
scale = "default",
sppm,
full = FALSE,
efinput,
verbose = FALSE,
csv
)
Arguments
p
Character;
Pollutants: "CO", "HC", "NMHC", "CH4", "NOx", "CO2",
"RCHO" (aldehydes + formaldehyde), "ETOH",
"PM", "N2O", "KML", "FC", "NO2", "NO", "NH3",
"gD/KWH", "gCO2/KWH", "RCHO_0km" (aldehydes + formaldehyde), "PM25RES", "PM10RES",
"CO_0km", "HC_0km", "NMHC_0km", "NOx_0km", "NO2_0km" ,"NO_0km",
"RCHO_0km" and "ETOH_0km", "FS" (fuel sales) (g/km). If scale = "tunnel" is
used, there is also "ALD" for aldehydes and "HCHO" for formaldehydes
Evaporative emissions at average temperature ranges:
"D_20_35", "S_20_35", "R_20_35", "D_10_25", "S_10_25", "R_10_25", "D_0_15",
"S_0_15" and "R_0_15" where D means diurnal (g/day), S hot/warm soak (g/trip)
and R hot/warm running losses (g/trip). THe deteriorated emission factors are calculated inside this function.
veh
Character; Vehicle categories:
"PC_G", "PC_FG", "PC_FE", "PC_E",
"LCV_G", "LCV_FG", "LCV_FE", "LCV_E", "LCV_D",
"TRUCKS_SL", "TRUCKS_L", "TRUCKS_M", "TRUCKS_SH", "TRUCKS_H",
"BUS_URBAN", "BUS_MICRO", "BUS_COACH", "BUS_ARTIC",
"MC_150_G", "MC_150_500_G", "MC_500_G",
"MC_150_FG", "MC_150_500_FG", "MC_500_FG",
"MC_150_FE", "MC_150_500_FE", "MC_500_FE",
"CICLOMOTOR", "GNV"
year
Numeric; Filter the emission factor to start from a specific base year.
If project is 'constant' values above 2017 and below 1980 will be repeated
agemax
Integer; age of oldest vehicles for that category
scale
Character; values "default","tunnel" o "tunnel2018". If "tunnel", emission
factors are scaled to represent EF measurements in tunnels in Sao Paulo
sppm
Numeric, sulfur (sulphur) in ppm in fuel.
full
Logical; To return a data.frame instead or a vector adding
Age, Year, Brazilian emissions standards and its euro equivalents.
efinput
data.frame with efinput structure of sysdata cetesb. Allow
apply deterioration for future emission factors
verbose
Logical; To show more information
csv
String with the path to download the ef in a .csv file. For instance,
ef.csv
Value
A vector of Emission Factor or a data.frame
Note
The new convention for vehicles names are translated from CETESB report:
veh description
PC_G Passenger Car Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol)
PC_E Passenger Car Ethanol (hydrous ethanol)
PC_FG Passenger Car Flex Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol)
PC_FE Passenger Car Flex Ethanol (hydrous ethanol)
LCV_G Light Commercial Vehicle Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol)
LCV_E Light Commercial Vehicle Ethanol (hydrous ethanol)
LCV_FG Light Commercial Vehicle Flex Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol)
LCV_FE Light Commercial Vehicle Flex Ethanol (hydrous ethanol)
LCV_D Light Commercial Vehicle Diesel (5perc bio-diesel)
TRUCKS_SL_D Trucks Semi Light Diesel (5perc bio-diesel)
TRUCKS_L_D Trucks Light Diesel (5perc bio-diesel)
TRUCKS_M_D Trucks Medium Diesel (5perc bio-diesel)
TRUCKS_SH_D Trucks Semi Heavy Diesel (5perc bio-diesel)
TRUCKS_H_D Trucks Heavy Diesel (5perc bio-diesel)
BUS_URBAN_D Urban Bus Diesel (5perc bio-diesel)
BUS_MICRO_D Micro Urban Bus Diesel (5perc bio-diesel)
BUS_COACH_D Coach (inter-state) Bus Diesel (5perc bio-diesel)
BUS_ARTIC_D Articulated Urban Bus Diesel (5perc bio-diesel)
MC_150_G Motorcycle engine less than 150cc Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol)
MC_150_500_G Motorcycle engine 150-500cc Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol)
MC_500_G Motorcycle greater than 500cc Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol)
MC_150_FG Flex Motorcycle engine less than 150cc Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol)
MC_150_500_FG Flex Motorcycle engine 150-500cc Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol)
MC_500_FG Flex Motorcycle greater than 500cc Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol)
MC_150_FE Flex Motorcycle engine less than 150cc Ethanol (hydrous ethanol)
MC_150_500_FE Flex Motorcycle engine 150-500cc Ethanol (hydrous ethanol)
MC_500_FE Flex Motorcycle greater than 500cc Ethanol (hydrous ethanol)
PC_ELEC Passenger Car Electric
LCV_ELEC Light Commercial Vehicle Electric
The percentage varies of biofuels varies by law.
This emission factors are not exactly the same as the report of CETESB.
1) In this emission factors, there is also NO and NO2 based on split by
published in the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook.
2) Also, the emission factors were extended till 50 years of use, repeating
the oldest value.
3) CNG emission factors were expanded to other pollutants by comparison
of US.EPA-AP42 emission factor: Section 1.4 Natural Gas Combustion.
In the previous versions I used the letter 'd' for deteriorated. I removed the
letter 'd' internally to not break older code.
If by mistake, the user inputs one of veh names from the old convention,
they are internally changed to the new convention:
"SLT", "LT", "MT", "SHT","HT", "UB", "SUB", "COACH", "ARTIC", "M_G_150",
"M_G_150_500", "M_G_500", "M_FG_150", "M_FG_150_500", "M_FG_500",
"M_FE_150", "M_FE_150_500","M_FE_500",
PC_ELEC, LCV_ELEC, TRUCKS_ELEC, BUS_ELEC,
MC_150_ELEC, MC_150_500_ELEC, MC_500_ELEC
If pollutant is "SO2", it needs sppm. It is designed when veh has length 1, if it has length 2 or more,
it will show a warning
Emission factor for vehicles older than the reported by CETESB were filled with las highest EF
Range EF from PC and LCV otto: 2018 - 1982. EF for 1981 and older as moving average.
Range LCV diesel : 2018 - 2006. EF for 2005 and older as moving average.
Range Trucks and Buse: 2018 - 1998. EF for 1997 and older as moving average.
Range MC Gasoline: 2018 - 2003. EF for 2002 and older as moving average.
Range MC Flex 150-500cc and >500cc: 2018 - 2012. EF for 2011 and older as moving average.
Currently, 2020, there are not any system for recovery of fuel vapors in Brazil. Hence,
the FS takes into account the vapour that comes from the fuel tank inside the car and
released into the atmosphere when injecting new fuel. There are discussions about
increasing implementing stage I and II and/or ORVR these days. The ef FS is calculated
by transforming g FC/km into (L/KM)*g/L with g/L 1.14 fgor gasoline and 0.37
for ethanol (CETESB, 2016). The density considered is 0.75425 for gasoline and
0.809 for ethanol (t/m^3)
CETESB emission factors did not cover evaporative emissions from motorcycles,
which occur. Therefore, in the absence of better data, it was assumed the
same ratio from passenger cars.
Li, Lan, et al. "Exhaust and evaporative emissions from motorcycles fueled
with ethanol gasoline blends." Science of the Total Environment 502 (2015): 627-631.
If scale is used with tunnel, the references are:
Pérez-Martinez, P. J., Miranda, R. M., Nogueira, T., Guardani, M. L.,
Fornaro, A., Ynoue, R., and Andrade, M. F. (2014). Emission
factors of air pollutants from vehicles measured inside road tunnels in
Sao Paulo: case study comparison. International Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, 11(8), 2155-2168.
Nogueira, T., de Souza, K. F., Fornaro, A., de Fatima Andrade, M., and
de Carvalho, L. R. F. (2015). On-road emissions of carbonyls
from vehicles powered by biofuel blends in traffic tunnels in the
Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Atmospheric Environment, 108, 88-97.
Nogueira, T., et al (2021). In preparation (for tunnel 2018)
Emission factors for resuspension applies only with top-down approach
as a experimental feature. Units are g/(streets*veh)/day. These values were
derived form a bottom-up resuspension emissions from metropolitan area
of Sao Paulo 2018, assuming 50000 streets
NH3 from EEA Tier 2
References
Emissoes Veiculares no Estado de Sao Paulo 2016. Technical Report.
url: https://cetesb.sp.gov.br/veicular/relatorios-e-publicacoes/.
Examples
{
a <- ef_cetesb(p = "CO", veh = "PC_G")
a <- ef_cetesb(p = "NOx", veh = "TRUCKS_M_D")
a <- ef_cetesb("R_10_25", "PC_G")
a <- ef_cetesb("CO", c("PC_G", "PC_FE"))
ef_cetesb(p = "CO", veh = "PC_G", year = 1970, agemax = 40)
ef_cetesb(p = "CO", veh = "TRUCKS_L_D", year = 2018)
ef_cetesb(p = "CO", veh = "SLT", year = 2018) # olds names
a <- ef_cetesb(p = "NMHC", veh = c("PC_G", "PC_FG", "PC_FE", "PC_E"), year = 2018, agemax = 20)
colplot(a, main = "NMHC EF", ylab = "[g/km]", xlab = "Years of use")
ef_cetesb(p = "PM25RES", veh = "PC_ELEC", year = 1970, agemax = 40)
ef_cetesb(p = "PM25RES", veh = "BUS_ELEC", year = 1970, agemax = 40)
}
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| ef_cetesb | R Documentation |
Emissions factors for Environment Company of Sao Paulo, Brazil (CETESB)
Description
ef_cetesb returns a vector or data.frame of Brazilian emission factors.
Usage
ef_cetesb(
p,
veh,
year = 2017,
agemax = 40,
scale = "default",
sppm,
full = FALSE,
efinput,
verbose = FALSE,
csv
)
Arguments
p |
Character; Pollutants: "CO", "HC", "NMHC", "CH4", "NOx", "CO2", "RCHO" (aldehydes + formaldehyde), "ETOH", "PM", "N2O", "KML", "FC", "NO2", "NO", "NH3", "gD/KWH", "gCO2/KWH", "RCHO_0km" (aldehydes + formaldehyde), "PM25RES", "PM10RES", "CO_0km", "HC_0km", "NMHC_0km", "NOx_0km", "NO2_0km" ,"NO_0km", "RCHO_0km" and "ETOH_0km", "FS" (fuel sales) (g/km). If scale = "tunnel" is used, there is also "ALD" for aldehydes and "HCHO" for formaldehydes Evaporative emissions at average temperature ranges: "D_20_35", "S_20_35", "R_20_35", "D_10_25", "S_10_25", "R_10_25", "D_0_15", "S_0_15" and "R_0_15" where D means diurnal (g/day), S hot/warm soak (g/trip) and R hot/warm running losses (g/trip). THe deteriorated emission factors are calculated inside this function. |
veh |
Character; Vehicle categories: "PC_G", "PC_FG", "PC_FE", "PC_E", "LCV_G", "LCV_FG", "LCV_FE", "LCV_E", "LCV_D", "TRUCKS_SL", "TRUCKS_L", "TRUCKS_M", "TRUCKS_SH", "TRUCKS_H", "BUS_URBAN", "BUS_MICRO", "BUS_COACH", "BUS_ARTIC", "MC_150_G", "MC_150_500_G", "MC_500_G", "MC_150_FG", "MC_150_500_FG", "MC_500_FG", "MC_150_FE", "MC_150_500_FE", "MC_500_FE", "CICLOMOTOR", "GNV" |
year |
Numeric; Filter the emission factor to start from a specific base year. If project is 'constant' values above 2017 and below 1980 will be repeated |
agemax |
Integer; age of oldest vehicles for that category |
scale |
Character; values "default","tunnel" o "tunnel2018". If "tunnel", emission factors are scaled to represent EF measurements in tunnels in Sao Paulo |
sppm |
Numeric, sulfur (sulphur) in ppm in fuel. |
full |
Logical; To return a data.frame instead or a vector adding Age, Year, Brazilian emissions standards and its euro equivalents. |
efinput |
data.frame with efinput structure of sysdata cetesb. Allow apply deterioration for future emission factors |
verbose |
Logical; To show more information |
csv |
String with the path to download the ef in a .csv file. For instance, ef.csv |
Value
A vector of Emission Factor or a data.frame
Note
The new convention for vehicles names are translated from CETESB report:
| veh | description |
| PC_G | Passenger Car Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol) |
| PC_E | Passenger Car Ethanol (hydrous ethanol) |
| PC_FG | Passenger Car Flex Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol) |
| PC_FE | Passenger Car Flex Ethanol (hydrous ethanol) |
| LCV_G | Light Commercial Vehicle Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol) |
| LCV_E | Light Commercial Vehicle Ethanol (hydrous ethanol) |
| LCV_FG | Light Commercial Vehicle Flex Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol) |
| LCV_FE | Light Commercial Vehicle Flex Ethanol (hydrous ethanol) |
| LCV_D | Light Commercial Vehicle Diesel (5perc bio-diesel) |
| TRUCKS_SL_D | Trucks Semi Light Diesel (5perc bio-diesel) |
| TRUCKS_L_D | Trucks Light Diesel (5perc bio-diesel) |
| TRUCKS_M_D | Trucks Medium Diesel (5perc bio-diesel) |
| TRUCKS_SH_D | Trucks Semi Heavy Diesel (5perc bio-diesel) |
| TRUCKS_H_D | Trucks Heavy Diesel (5perc bio-diesel) |
| BUS_URBAN_D | Urban Bus Diesel (5perc bio-diesel) |
| BUS_MICRO_D | Micro Urban Bus Diesel (5perc bio-diesel) |
| BUS_COACH_D | Coach (inter-state) Bus Diesel (5perc bio-diesel) |
| BUS_ARTIC_D | Articulated Urban Bus Diesel (5perc bio-diesel) |
| MC_150_G | Motorcycle engine less than 150cc Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol) |
| MC_150_500_G | Motorcycle engine 150-500cc Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol) |
| MC_500_G | Motorcycle greater than 500cc Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol) |
| MC_150_FG | Flex Motorcycle engine less than 150cc Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol) |
| MC_150_500_FG | Flex Motorcycle engine 150-500cc Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol) |
| MC_500_FG | Flex Motorcycle greater than 500cc Gasohol (Gasoline + 27perc of anhydrous ethanol) |
| MC_150_FE | Flex Motorcycle engine less than 150cc Ethanol (hydrous ethanol) |
| MC_150_500_FE | Flex Motorcycle engine 150-500cc Ethanol (hydrous ethanol) |
| MC_500_FE | Flex Motorcycle greater than 500cc Ethanol (hydrous ethanol) |
| PC_ELEC | Passenger Car Electric |
| LCV_ELEC | Light Commercial Vehicle Electric |
The percentage varies of biofuels varies by law.
This emission factors are not exactly the same as the report of CETESB.
1) In this emission factors, there is also NO and NO2 based on split by published in the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook.
2) Also, the emission factors were extended till 50 years of use, repeating the oldest value.
3) CNG emission factors were expanded to other pollutants by comparison of US.EPA-AP42 emission factor: Section 1.4 Natural Gas Combustion.
In the previous versions I used the letter 'd' for deteriorated. I removed the letter 'd' internally to not break older code.
If by mistake, the user inputs one of veh names from the old convention, they are internally changed to the new convention: "SLT", "LT", "MT", "SHT","HT", "UB", "SUB", "COACH", "ARTIC", "M_G_150", "M_G_150_500", "M_G_500", "M_FG_150", "M_FG_150_500", "M_FG_500", "M_FE_150", "M_FE_150_500","M_FE_500", PC_ELEC, LCV_ELEC, TRUCKS_ELEC, BUS_ELEC, MC_150_ELEC, MC_150_500_ELEC, MC_500_ELEC
If pollutant is "SO2", it needs sppm. It is designed when veh has length 1, if it has length 2 or more, it will show a warning
Emission factor for vehicles older than the reported by CETESB were filled with las highest EF
Range EF from PC and LCV otto: 2018 - 1982. EF for 1981 and older as moving average.
Range LCV diesel : 2018 - 2006. EF for 2005 and older as moving average.
Range Trucks and Buse: 2018 - 1998. EF for 1997 and older as moving average.
Range MC Gasoline: 2018 - 2003. EF for 2002 and older as moving average.
Range MC Flex 150-500cc and >500cc: 2018 - 2012. EF for 2011 and older as moving average.
Currently, 2020, there are not any system for recovery of fuel vapors in Brazil. Hence, the FS takes into account the vapour that comes from the fuel tank inside the car and released into the atmosphere when injecting new fuel. There are discussions about increasing implementing stage I and II and/or ORVR these days. The ef FS is calculated by transforming g FC/km into (L/KM)*g/L with g/L 1.14 fgor gasoline and 0.37 for ethanol (CETESB, 2016). The density considered is 0.75425 for gasoline and 0.809 for ethanol (t/m^3)
CETESB emission factors did not cover evaporative emissions from motorcycles, which occur. Therefore, in the absence of better data, it was assumed the same ratio from passenger cars.
Li, Lan, et al. "Exhaust and evaporative emissions from motorcycles fueled with ethanol gasoline blends." Science of the Total Environment 502 (2015): 627-631.
If scale is used with tunnel, the references are:
Pérez-Martinez, P. J., Miranda, R. M., Nogueira, T., Guardani, M. L., Fornaro, A., Ynoue, R., and Andrade, M. F. (2014). Emission factors of air pollutants from vehicles measured inside road tunnels in Sao Paulo: case study comparison. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11(8), 2155-2168.
Nogueira, T., de Souza, K. F., Fornaro, A., de Fatima Andrade, M., and de Carvalho, L. R. F. (2015). On-road emissions of carbonyls from vehicles powered by biofuel blends in traffic tunnels in the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Atmospheric Environment, 108, 88-97.
Nogueira, T., et al (2021). In preparation (for tunnel 2018)
Emission factors for resuspension applies only with top-down approach as a experimental feature. Units are g/(streets*veh)/day. These values were derived form a bottom-up resuspension emissions from metropolitan area of Sao Paulo 2018, assuming 50000 streets
NH3 from EEA Tier 2
References
Emissoes Veiculares no Estado de Sao Paulo 2016. Technical Report. url: https://cetesb.sp.gov.br/veicular/relatorios-e-publicacoes/.
Examples
{
a <- ef_cetesb(p = "CO", veh = "PC_G")
a <- ef_cetesb(p = "NOx", veh = "TRUCKS_M_D")
a <- ef_cetesb("R_10_25", "PC_G")
a <- ef_cetesb("CO", c("PC_G", "PC_FE"))
ef_cetesb(p = "CO", veh = "PC_G", year = 1970, agemax = 40)
ef_cetesb(p = "CO", veh = "TRUCKS_L_D", year = 2018)
ef_cetesb(p = "CO", veh = "SLT", year = 2018) # olds names
a <- ef_cetesb(p = "NMHC", veh = c("PC_G", "PC_FG", "PC_FE", "PC_E"), year = 2018, agemax = 20)
colplot(a, main = "NMHC EF", ylab = "[g/km]", xlab = "Years of use")
ef_cetesb(p = "PM25RES", veh = "PC_ELEC", year = 1970, agemax = 40)
ef_cetesb(p = "PM25RES", veh = "BUS_ELEC", year = 1970, agemax = 40)
}
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