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#' Derives VaR of a long Black Scholes put option
#'
#' Function derives the VaR of a long Black Scholes put for specified
#' confidence level and holding period, using analytical solution.
#'
#' @param stockPrice Stock price of underlying stock
#' @param strike Strike price of the option
#' @param r Risk-free rate and is annualised
#' @param mu Mean return
#' @param sigma Volatility of the underlying stock
#' @param maturity Term to maturity and is expressed in days
#' @param cl Confidence level and is scalar
#' @param hp Holding period and is scalar and is expressed in days
#' @return Price of European put Option
#' @references Dowd, Kevin. Measuring Market Risk, Wiley, 2007.
#'
#' Hull, John C.. Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives. 4th ed., Upper Saddle
#' River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 200, ch. 11.
#'
#' Lyuu, Yuh-Dauh. Financial Engineering & Computation: Principles,
#' Mathematics, Algorithms, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
#'
#' @author Dinesh Acharya
#' @examples
#'
#' # Estimates the price of an American Put
#' LongBlackScholesPutVaR(27.2, 25, .03, .12, .2, 60, .95, 40)
#'
#' @export
LongBlackScholesPutVaR <- function(stockPrice, strike, r, mu, sigma,
maturity, cl, hp){
# Simplify notation
t <- maturity/360
hp <- hp/360
currentOptionPrice <- BlackScholesPutPrice(stockPrice, strike, r, sigma, t)
sStar <- exp(log(stockPrice) + (mu - (sigma ^ 2)/2) * hp +
qnorm(cl, 0, 1) * sigma * sqrt(hp))
# Critical future stock price, see Hull, p. 238
futureOptionPriceStar <- BlackScholesPutPrice(sStar, strike, r, sigma, t - hp)
y <- currentOptionPrice - futureOptionPriceStar
return(y)
}
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