power.examp: Graphically illustrate the concept of power.

In TeachingDemos: Demonstrations for Teaching and Learning

Description

Create graphs of a normal test statistic under the null and alternative hypotheses to graphically show the idea of power.

Usage

power.examp(n = 1, stdev = 1, diff = 1, alpha = 0.05, xmin = -2, xmax = 4)
run.power.examp(hscale=1.5, vscale=1.5, wait=FALSE)
run.power.examp.old()

Arguments

n	The sample size for the test statistic.
stdev	The standard deviation of the population.
diff	The true difference in means (alternate hypothesis).
alpha	The type I error rate to use for the test.
xmin	The minimum x value to show on the graph.
xmax	The maximum x value to show on the graph.
hscale	Controls width of plot, passed to tkrplot.
vscale	Controls height of plot, passed to tkrplot.
wait	Should R wait for the window to close.

Details

This function will draw 2 graphs representing an upper-tailed test of hypothesis.

The upper panel represents the test statistic under the null hypothesis that the true mean (or mean difference) is 0. It then also shows the upper tail area equal to alpha and the rejection region for the test statistic.

The lower panel shows the normal distribution for the test statistic under the alternative hypothesis where the true mean (or mean difference) is diff. Using the rejection region from the upper panel it shades the upper tail area that corresponds to the power of the test.

Both curves are affected by the specified stdev and sample size n.

The function run.power.examp will in addition create a Tk slider box that will allow you to interactively change the values of stdev, diff, alpha, and n to dynamically see the effects of the change on the graphs and on the power of the test.

This can be used to demonstrate the concept of power, show the effect of sample size on power, show the inverse relationship between the type I and type II error rates, and show how power is dependent on the true mean (or difference) and the population standard deviation.

Value

power.examp invisibly returns the power computed.

run.power.examp returns a list with the parameter settings and the power if wait is TRUE.

run.power.examp.old does not return anything meaningful.

Author(s)

Greg Snow [e-mail]

See Also

power.t.test

Examples

power.examp()
power.examp(n=25)
power.examp(alpha=0.1)

Example output

TeachingDemos documentation built on April 2, 2020, 3:01 a.m.