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## Vowels and their quality vowels <- voweltab <- rbind( c("i", "close", "front", "unrounded"), c("e", "close-mid", "front", "unrounded"), c("ɛ", "open-mid", "front", "unrounded"), c("a", "open", "front", "unrounded"), c("ɑ", "open", "back", "unrounded"), c("ɔ", "open-mid", "back", "rounded"), c("o", "close-mid", "back", "rounded"), c("u", "close", "back", "rounded"), c("y", "close", "front", "rounded"), c("ø", "close-mid", "front", "rounded"), c("œ", "open-mid", "front", "rounded"), c("ɶ", "open", "front", "rounded"), c("ɒ", "open", "back", "rounded"), c("ʌ", "open-mid", "back", "unrounded"), c("ɤ", "close-mid", "back", "unrounded"), c("ɯ", "close", "back", "unrounded"), c("ɨ", "close", "central", "unrounded"), c("ʉ", "close", "central", "rounded") ) vowels <- cbind(vowels, "", "", "") ## Vowel quality parameters height <- c("close", "near-close", "close-mid", "mid", "open-mid", "near-open", "open") front_back <- c("front", "front centralized", "central", "back centralized", "back") lips <- c("unrounded", "rounded") ## Binary coding of features match_mchoice <- function(true, options) { x <- match(true, options) sapply(x, function(i) paste(append(rep(0, length(options) - 1), 1, after = i - 1), collapse = "")) } vowels[, 5] <- match_mchoice(vowels[,2], height) vowels[, 6] <- match_mchoice(vowels[,3], front_back) vowels[, 7] <- match_mchoice(vowels[,4], lips) ## Casually selecting two vowels vowels <- vowels[sample(1:nrow(vowels), 2), ] ## Possible answers and correct solution ans <- rep(c(height, front_back, lips), 2) sol <- paste(t(vowels[, 5:7]), collapse = "|")
Describe the following Cardinal vowels according to the three parameters vowel height, frontness-backness, and lip rounding:
r vowels[1,1]
] is the ##ANSWER1## ##ANSWER2## ##ANSWER3## vowel.r vowels[2,1]
] is the ##ANSWER4## ##ANSWER5## ##ANSWER6## vowel.answerlist(ans, markup = "markdown")
For an overview of the 18 Cardinal vowels see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_vowels.
r vowels[1,1]
] is the r vowels[1,2]
r vowels[1,3]
r vowels[1,4]
vowel.r vowels[2,1]
] is the r vowels[2,2]
r vowels[2,3]
r vowels[2,4]
vowel.exname: Cardinal vowels
extype: cloze
exclozetype: schoice|schoice|schoice|schoice|schoice|schoice
exsolution: r sol
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