multi_bound: Calculate a bound for the bias

In EValue: Sensitivity Analyses for Unmeasured Confounding and Other Biases in Observational Studies and Meta-Analyses

Calculate a bound for the bias

Description

Function used to calculate the maximum factor by which a risk ratio is biased, given possible values for each of the parameters that describe the bias factors for each type of bias.

Usage

multi_bound(
  biases,
  RRAUc = NULL,
  RRUcY = NULL,
  RRUsYA1 = NULL,
  RRSUsA1 = NULL,
  RRUsYA0 = NULL,
  RRSUsA0 = NULL,
  RRAUscS = NULL,
  RRUscYS = NULL,
  RRAYy = NULL,
  ORYAa = NULL,
  RRYAa = NULL,
  RRAYyS = NULL,
  ORYAaS = NULL,
  RRYAaS = NULL,
  RRAUsS = NULL,
  RRUsYS = NULL
)

Arguments

biases	A set of biases (or single bias) to include in the calculation of the bound. A single object constructed with the multi_bias() function, it may include any or all of confounding(), selection(), and misclassification(), and any of the options described in the documentation for those functions.
RRAUc	Named parameter values with which to calculate a bound. Names must correspond to the parameters defining the biases provided by biases. Help with names can be found by running print(multi_bias(...)) for the biases of interest. Unnecessary parameters are ignored with a warning.
RRUcY	See RRAUc
RRUsYA1	See RRAUc
RRSUsA1	See RRAUc
RRUsYA0	See RRAUc
RRSUsA0	See RRAUc
RRAUscS	See RRAUc
RRUscYS	See RRAUc
RRAYy	See RRAUc
ORYAa	See RRAUc
RRYAa	See RRAUc
RRAYyS	See RRAUc
ORYAaS	See RRAUc
RRYAaS	See RRAUc
RRAUsS	See RRAUc
RRUsYS	See RRAUc

Details

The names of the parameters in the bound can be found for a given set of biases with print(biases). Running summary(biases) shows the equivalent notation used in the output of the multi_evalue() function.

Value

Returns the value of the bound formed as a function of the provided parameters.

Examples

multi_bound(multi_bias(confounding()),
            RRAUc = 2.2, RRUcY = 1.7)

biases <- multi_bias(confounding(), selection("S = U"),
                     misclassification("exposure",
                     rare_outcome = TRUE, rare_exposure = FALSE))

print(biases)

multi_bound(biases,
            RRAUc = 3, RRUcY = 2, RRSUsA1 = 2.3,
            RRSUsA0 = 1.7, ORYAaS = 5.2)

EValue documentation built on Aug. 29, 2025, 5:20 p.m.