twoby2: Analysis of a two by two table

In Epi: Statistical Analysis in Epidemiology

Analysis of a two by two table

Description

Computes the usual measures of association in a 2 by 2 table with confidence intervals. Also produces asymtotic and exact tests. Assumes that comparison of probability of the first column level between levels of the row variable is of interest. Output requires that the input matrix has meaningful row and column labels.

Usage

twoby2(exposure, outcome,
       alpha = 0.05, print = TRUE, dec = 4,
       conf.level = 1-alpha, F.lim = 10000)

Arguments

exposure	If a table the analysis is based on the first two rows and first two columns of this. If a variable, this variable is tabulated against
outcome	as the second variable
alpha	Significance level
print	Should the results be printed?
dec	Number of decimals in the printout.
conf.level	1-alpha
F.lim	If the table total exceeds F.lim, Fisher's exact test is not computed

Value

A list with elements:

table	The analysed 2 x 2 table augmented with probabilities and confidence intervals. The confidence intervals for the probabilities are computed using the normal approximation to the log-odds. Confidence intervals for the difference of proportions are computed using method 10 from Newcombe, Stat.Med. 1998, 17, pp.873 ff.
measures	A table of Odds-ratios and relative risk with confidence intervals.
p.value	Exact p-value for the null hypothesis of OR=1

Author(s)

Mark Myatt. Modified by Bendix Carstensen.

Examples

Treat <- sample(c("A","B"), 50, rep=TRUE )
Resp <- c("Yes","No")[1+rbinom(50,1,0.3+0.2*(Treat=="A"))]
twoby2( Treat, Resp )                 
twoby2( table( Treat, Resp )[,2:1] ) # Comparison the other way round

Epi documentation built on Oct. 1, 2024, 5:07 p.m.