twocells: twocells
In LagSequential: Lag-Sequential Categorical Data Analysis

Description Usage Arguments Details Value Author(s) References Examples

Simultaneously tests the unidirectional dependence of i to j, and the unidirectional dependence of k to L, an additive pattern described by Wampold and Margolin (1982) and Wampold (1989, 1992).

1 2	twocells(data, i, j, k, L, labels = NULL, lag = 1, adjacent = TRUE, tailed = 1, permtest = FALSE, nperms = 10)

`data`	A one-column dataframe, or a vector of code sequences, or a square frequency transition matrix. If data is not a frequency transition matrix, then data must be either (a) a series of string (non-numeric) code values, or (b) a series of integer codes with values ranging from "1" to what ever value the user specifies in the "ncodes" argument. There should be no code values with zero frequencies. Missing values are not permitted.
`i`	Code value for i.
`j`	Code value for j.
`k`	Code value for k.
`L`	Code value for L.
`labels`	Optional argument for providing labels to the code values. Accepts a list of string variables. If unspecified, codes will be labeled "Code1", "Code2", etc.
`lag`	The lag number for the analyses.
`adjacent`	Can adjacent values be coded the same? Options are "TRUE" for yes, and "FALSE" for no.
`tailed`	Specify whether significance tests are one-tailed or two-tailed. Options are "1" or "2".
`permtest`	Do you want to run permutation tests of significance? Options are "FALSE" for no, or "TRUE" for yes. Warning: these computations can be time consuming.
`nperms`	The number of permutations per block.

This function simultaneously tests the unidirectional dependence of i to j and the unidirectional dependence of k to L. The user specifies the code values used for i, j, k, and L in the analyses. For example, Wampold and Margolin (1982) described a situation wherein a spouse responds to negative behaviors with something other than a negative behavior.

Displays the transitional frequency matrix, observed and expected values for the two cell test, kappa, the z value for kappa, and the significance level.

Returns a list with the following elements:

`freqs`	The transitional frequency matrix
`expfreqs`	The expected frequencies
`twocellfreq`	The observed number of transitions from i to j and from k to L.
`kappa`	The twocells kappa
`z`	The z value for the kappa
`pk`	The p-value for the kappa

Zakary A. Draper & Brian P. O'Connor

O'Connor, B. P. (1999). Simple and flexible SAS and SPSS programs for analyzing lag-sequential categorical data. Behavior Research Methods, Instrumentation, and Computers, 31, 718-726.

Wampold, B. E., & Margolin, G. (1982). Nonparametric strategies to test the independence of behavioral states in sequential data. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 755-765.

Wampold, B. E. (1989). Kappa as a measure of pattern in sequential data. Quality & Quantity, 23, 171-187.

Wampold, B. E. (1992). The intensive examination of social interactions. In T. Kratochwill & J. Levin (Eds.), Single-case research design and analysis: New directions for psychology and education (pp. 93-131). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Wampold, B. E. (1995). Analysis of behavior sequences in psychotherapy. In J. Siegfried (Ed.), Therapeutic and everyday discourse as behavior change: Towards a micro-analysis in psychotherapy process research (pp. 189-214). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

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twocells(data_Wampold_1982, i = 6, j = 1, k = 3, L = 4,
         labels = c('HPos','HNeu','HNeg','WPos','WNeu','WNeg'),
         permtest = TRUE, nperms = 100)

Lag Sequential Analysis "Two Cells" Tests


e.g., of the unidirectional dependence of i to j and the unidirectional dependence of k to L


The code frequencies:

data
 1  2  3  4  5  6 
60 40 20 50 20 10 


Cell Frequencies, Row & Column Totals, & N

       HPos HNeu HNeg WPos WNeu WNeg Totals
HPos     10   14    7   20    6    3     60
HNeu     12    6    3   13    4    2     40
HNeg      9    4    3    1    2    1     20
WPos     20   11    4    6    6    3     50
WNeu      6    4    2    5    2    0     19
WNeg      3    1    1    5    0    0     10
Totals   60   40   20   50   20    9    199


Simultaneous Two-Cell Test for the following code values:
	   
     Code i = WNeg 

     Code j = HPos 

     Code k = HNeg 

     Code L = WPos


kappa = -0.5    z = -1.698    p = 0.04473 


Data Permutation Significance Level (for 100 permutations) = 0.05