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#' @title Random Observations Generator
#' @description Random observations generator selected from several distributions with user defined mean and variance.
#' @param n scalar. Number of observations to be generated.
#' @param dist character string. Select from:
#' \itemize{
#' \item{"Uniform: Continuous Uniform distribution .}
#' \item{"Normal": Normal distribution (default).}
#' \item{"Normal2": Squared Normal distribution (also known as Chi-squared).}
#' \item{"DoubleExp": Double exponential distribution (also known as Laplace distribution).}
#' \item{"DoubleExp2": Double exponential squared distribution from a \code{DoubleExp(0,1)}.}
#' \item{"LogNormal": Lognormal distribution.}
#' \item{"Gamma": Gamma distribution.}
#' \item{"Weibull": Weibull distribution.}
#' \item{"t": Student-t distribution.}
#' }
#' @param mu scalar. Expected value of the desired distribution.
#' @param sigma scalar. Standard deviation of the desired distribution.
#' @param par.location scalar. Location parameter of the desired distribution. Default 0**.
#' @param par.scale scalar. Scale parameter of the desired distribution. Default 1**.
#' @param par.shape scalar. Shape parameter of the desired distribution, Default 1.
#' @param rounding.factor scalar. positive value that determine the range between two consecutive rounded values.
#' @section **Note:
#' \itemize{
#' \item{For "Lognormal", \code{par.location} and \code{par.scale} correspond to the location and scale parameters of the normal
#' distribution that generales the lognormal. Hence, in this case they are the logmean and
#' the logsigma parameters}
#' \item{For "Normal2" and "DoubleExp2", \code{par.location} and \code{par.scale} correspond
#' correspond to the location and scale parameters of the normal and double exponential
#' that are used to generates their squared forms.}
#' }
#' @param dist.par vector. Overwrite \code{par.location}, \code{par.scale}, \code{par.shape}. Depends on the distribution (default \code{NULL}):
#' \itemize{
#' \item{"Uniform: no matter how is defined always gives numbers between 0 and 1.}
#' \item{"Normal": c(location, scale).}
#' \item{"Normal2": c(location, scale).}
#' \item{"DoubleExp": c(location, scale).}
#' \item{"DoubleExp2": c(location, scale).}
#' \item{"LogNormal": c(location, scale).}
#' \item{"Gamma": c(scale, shape).}
#' \item{"Weibull": c(shape, scale).}
#' \item{"t": c(degrees of freedom).}
#' }
#' @return A vector \code{x} with \code{n} observations generated following the selected distribution with its parameters.
#' @export
#' @examples
#' getDist(1, "Normal", 0, 1)
getDist <- function(n, dist, mu, sigma,
par.location = 0, par.scale = 1, par.shape = 1, dist.par = NULL,
rounding.factor = NULL) {
if(rounding.factor == 0 || is.null(rounding.factor)){rounding.factor = NULL}
switch(dist,
Uniform = {
a <- 0
b <- 1
EX <- (a+b)/2
VarX <- (b-a)^2/12
xtemp <- runif(n, min = a, max = b)
},
Normal = {
a <- par.location
b <- par.scale
if(!is.null(dist.par)){
a <- dist.par[1]
b <- dist.par[2]
}
EX <- a
VarX <- b^2
xtemp <- rnorm(n, mean = a, sd = b)
},
Normal2 = {
a <- par.location
b <- par.scale
if(!is.null(dist.par)){
a <- dist.par[1]
b <- dist.par[2]
}
EX <- a^2 + b^2
VarX <- 4 * a^2 * b^2 + 2 * b^4
xtemp <- (rnorm(n, mean = a, sd = b))^2
},
DoubleExp = {
a <- par.location
b <- par.scale
if(!is.null(dist.par)){
a <- dist.par[1]
b <- dist.par[2]
}
EX <- a
VarX <- 2 * b^2
# xtemp = a - b * sign(U - 0.5) * log(1 - 2 * abs(U - 0.5)) #This one appeared in Wikipedia
xtemp <- log(runif(n) / runif(n)) / 2^(0.5) # this is the recommended method. Gives standard DE variates.
},
DoubleExp2 = {
a <- par.location
b <- par.scale
if(!is.null(dist.par)){
a <- dist.par[1]
b <- dist.par[2]
}
EX <- 2 * b^2 + a^2
EY3 <- 6 * b^3 + 6 * a * b^2 + 5 * a^3 # Y is Laplace
EY4 <- 24 * b^4 + 4 * a * EY3 - 6 * a^2 * (2 * b^2 + a^2) + 5 * a^4 # Y is Laplace
VarX <- EY4 - EX^2
xtemp <- (log(runif(n) / runif(n)))^2
},
LogNormal = {
a <- par.location # logmean
b <- par.scale # logsigma
if(!is.null(dist.par)){
a <- dist.par[1]
b <- dist.par[2]
}
EX <- exp(a + b^2 / 2)
VarX <- exp(2 * (a + b^2)) - exp(2 * a + b^2)
xtemp <- rlnorm(n, meanlog = a, sdlog = b)
# xtemp = exp(a + b*rnorm(n))
},
Gamma = {
k <- par.scale # beta in Casella
o <- par.shape # alpha in Casella
if(!is.null(dist.par)){
k <- dist.par[1]
o <- dist.par[2]
}
EX <- k * o
VarX <- o * k^2
xtemp <- rgamma(n, shape = o, scale = k)
},
Weibull = {
k <- par.shape
l <- par.scale
if(!is.null(dist.par)){
k <- dist.par[1]
l <- dist.par[2]
}
EX <- l * gamma(1 + 1 / k)
VarX <- l^2 * (gamma(1 + 2 / k) - (gamma(1 + 1 / k))^2)
xtemp <- rweibull(n, shape = k, scale = l)
},
t = {
v <- par.shape
if(!is.null(dist.par)){
v <- dist.par[1]
}
EX <- 0
VarX <- v/(v-2)
xtemp <- rt(n, v)
},
{ # Normal (default)
a <- par.location
b <- par.scale
if(!is.null(dist.par)){
a <- dist.par[1]
b <- dist.par[2]
}
EX <- a
VarX <- b^2
xtemp <- rnorm(n, mean = a, sd = b)
}
)
z <- (xtemp - EX) / VarX^(0.5)
x <- mu + sigma * z
if(!is.null(rounding.factor)){
x <- round(x/rounding.factor) * rounding.factor
}
return(x)
}
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