R/raw_fuels.R

In carbonr: Calculate Carbon-Equivalent Emissions

#' Raw Fuels Emissions
#' 
#' @param num_people Number of people to account for.
#' @param butane amount of Butane used.
#' @param CNG amount used. Compressed natural gas (CNG). A compressed version of the natural gas used in homes. An alternative transport fuel.
#' @param LPG amount used. Liquid petroleum gas. Used to power cooking stoves or heaters off-grid and fuel some vehicles (e.g. fork-lift trucks and vans).
#' @param LNG amount used. Liquefied natural gas. An alternative transport fuel.
#' @param natural_gas amount used. Standard natural gas received through the gas mains grid network in the UK.
#' @param natural_gas_mineral amount used. Natural gas (100% mineral blend) factor is natural gas not obtained through the grid and therefore does not contain any biogas content. It can be used for calculating bespoke fuel mixtures.
#' @param other_petroleum_gas amount used. Consists mainly of ethane, plus other hydrocarbons, (excludes butane and propane).
#' @param propane amount used.
#' @param aviation amount used.  Fuel for piston-engined aircraft - a high octane petrol (aka AVGAS).
#' @param aviation_fuel amount used. Fuel for turbo-prop aircraft and jets (aka jet fuel). Similar to kerosene used as a heating fuel, but refined to a higher quality.
#' @param burning_oil amount used. Main purpose is for heating/lighting on a domestic scale (also known as kerosene).
#' @param diesel amount used. Standard diesel bought from any local filling station (across the board forecourt fuel typically contains biofuel content).
#' @param diesel_mineral amount used. Diesel that has not been blended with biofuel (non-forecourt diesel).
#' @param fuel_oil amount used. Heavy oil used as fuel in furnaces and boilers of power stations, in industry, for industrial heating and in ships.
#' @param gas_oil amount used. Medium oil used in diesel engines and heating systems (also known as red diesel).
#' @param lubricants amount used. Waste petroleum-based lubricating oils recovered for use as fuels
#' @param naptha amount used. A product of crude oil refining - often used as a solvent.
#' @param petrol_biofuel amount used. Standard petrol bought from any local filling station (across the board forecourt fuel typically contains biofuel content).
#' @param petrol_mineral amount used. Petrol that has not been blended with biofuel (non forecourt petrol).
#' @param residual_oil amount used. Waste oils meeting the 'residual' oil definition contained in the 'Processed Fuel Oil Quality Protocol'.
#' @param distillate amount used. Waste oils meeting the 'distillate' oil definition contained in the 'Processed Fuel Oil Quality Protocol'.
#' @param refinery_miscellaneous amount used. Includes aromatic extracts, defoament solvents and other minor miscellaneous products
#' @param waste_oils amount used. Recycled oils outside of the 'Processed Fuel Oil Quality Protocol' definitions.
#' @param marine_gas amount used. Distillate fuels are commonly called "Marine gas oil". Distillate fuel is composed of petroleum fractions of crude oil that are separated in a refinery by a boiling or "distillation" process.
#' @param marine_fuel amount used. Residual fuels are called "Marine fuel oil". Residual fuel or "residuum" is the fraction that did not boil, sometimes referred to as "tar" or "petroleum pitch".
#' @param coal_industrial amount used. Coal used in sources other than power stations and domestic use.
#' @param coal_electricity_gen amount used. Coal used in power stations to generate electricity.
#' @param coal_domestic amount used. Coal used domestically.
#' @param coking_coal amount used. Coke may be used as a heating fuel and as a reducing agent in a blast furnace.
#' @param petroleum_coke amount used. Normally used in cement manufacture and power plants.
#' @param coal_home_produced_gen amount used. Coal used in power stations to generate electricity (only for coal produced in the UK).
#' @param bioethanol amount used. Renewable fuel derived from common crops (such as sugar cane and sugar beet).
#' @param biodiesel amount used. Renewable fuel almost exclusively derived from common natural oils (for example, vegetable oils).
#' @param biomethane amount used. The methane constituent of biogas.  Biogas comes from anaerobic digestion of organic matter.
#' @param biodiesel_cooking_oil amount used. Renewable fuel almost exclusively derived from common natural oils (such as vegetable oils).
#' @param biodiesel_tallow amount used. Renewable fuel almost exclusively derived from common natural oils (such as vegetable oils).
#' @param biodiesel_HVO amount used. 
#' @param biopropane amount used. 
#' @param bio_petrol amount used. 
#' @param renewable_petrol amount used. 
#' @param wood_log amount used. 
#' @param wood_chips amount used. 
#' @param wood_pellets amount used. Compressed low quality wood (such as sawdust and shavings) made into pellet form
#' @param grass amount used. 
#' @param biogas amount used. A naturally occurring gas from the anaerobic digestion of organic materials (such as sewage and food waste), or produced intentionally as a fuel from the anaerobic digestion of biogenic substances (such as energy crops and agricultural residues).
#' @param landfill_gas amount used. Gas collected from a landfill site. This may be used for electricity generation, collected and purified for use as a transport fuel, or be flared off
#' @param butane_units units that the gas is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param CNG_units units that the gas is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param LPG_units units that the gas is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param LNG_units units that the gas is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param natural_gas_units units that the gas is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"cubic metres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param natural_gas_mineral_units units that the gas is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"cubic metres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param other_petroleum_gas_units units that the gas is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param propane_units units that the gas is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param aviation_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param aviation_fuel_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param burning_oil_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param diesel_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param diesel_mineral_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param fuel_oil_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param gas_oil_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param lubricants_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param naptha_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param petrol_biofuel_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param petrol_mineral_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param residual_oil_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param distillate_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param refinery_miscellaneous_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param waste_oils_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param marine_fuel_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param marine_gas_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"litres"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param coal_industrial_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"kwh"`, `"tonnes"`.
#' @param coal_electricity_gen_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"kwh"`, `"tonnes"`.
#' @param coal_domestic_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"kwh"`, `"tonnes"`.
#' @param coking_coal_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"kwh"`, `"tonnes"`.
#' @param petroleum_coke_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"kwh"`, `"tonnes"`.
#' @param coal_home_produced_gen_units units that the fuel is given in. Options are `"kwh"`, `"tonnes"`.
#' @param bioethanol_units units that the biofuel is given in. Options are `"litres"`, `"GJ"`, `"kg"`.
#' @param biodiesel_units units that the biofuel is given in. Options are `"litres"`, `"GJ"`, `"kg"`.
#' @param biomethane_units units that the biofuel is given in. Options are `"litres"`, `"GJ"`, `"kg"`.
#' @param biodiesel_cooking_oil_units units that the biofuel is given in. Options are `"litres"`, `"GJ"`, `"kg"`.
#' @param biodiesel_tallow_units units that the biofuel is given in. Options are `"litres"`, `"GJ"`, `"kg"`.
#' @param biodiesel_HVO_units units that the biofuel is given in. Options are `"litres"`, `"GJ"`, `"kg"`.
#' @param biopropane_units units that the biofuel is given in. Options are `"litres"`, `"GJ"`, `"kg"`.
#' @param bio_petrol_units units that the biofuel is given in. Options are `"litres"`, `"GJ"`, `"kg"`.
#' @param renewable_petrol_units units that the biofuel is given in. Options are `"litres"`, `"GJ"`, `"kg"`.
#' @param wood_log_units units that the biomass is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param wood_chips_units units that the biomass is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param wood_pellets_units units that the biomass is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param grass_units units that the biomass is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param biogas_units units that the biogas is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"kwh"`.
#' @param landfill_gas_units units that the biogas is given in. Options are `"tonnes"`, `"kwh"`.
#' 
#' @details This function calculates CO2e emissions from a wide variety of fuels, considering different unit conversions for each type of fuel. It supports the calculation of emissions from commonly used fuels such as diesel, petrol, natural gas, and biodiesel, as well as more specific fuels like aviation fuel, marine fuel, and landfill gas. 
#' 
#' Unit conversions are done internally based on the specified units for each type of fuel (e.g., kWh, litres, tonnes). The function is useful for assessing the carbon footprint associated with different fuel sources over a specified time period.
#' 
#' @return A data frame with calculated emissions in tonnes of CO2e for each type of fuel input.
#' @export
#' 
#' @references 
#' - DEFRA Conversion Factors for Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reporting: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/government-conversion-factors-for-company-reporting
#' - Descriptions from 2021 UK Government Report: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2021
#' @examples
#' # Calculate emissions for 100 litres of diesel and 500 kWh of natural gas:
#' raw_fuels(
#'   diesel = 100, diesel_units = "litres",
#'   natural_gas = 500, natural_gas_units = "kwh",
#' )
#'
#' # Calculate emissions for 10 tonnes of aviation fuel:
#' raw_fuels(
#'   aviation_fuel = 10, aviation_fuel_units = "tonnes",
#' )
#' 
raw_fuels <- function(num_people = 1, butane = 0,CNG = 0,LPG = 0,LNG = 0,natural_gas = 0,natural_gas_mineral = 0,other_petroleum_gas = 0,propane = 0,
                      aviation = 0,aviation_fuel = 0,burning_oil = 0,diesel = 0,diesel_mineral = 0,fuel_oil = 0,gas_oil = 0,lubricants = 0,
                      naptha = 0,petrol_biofuel = 0,petrol_mineral = 0,residual_oil = 0,distillate = 0,refinery_miscellaneous = 0,
                      waste_oils = 0,marine_gas = 0,marine_fuel = 0,coal_industrial = 0,coal_electricity_gen = 0,coal_domestic = 0,
                      coking_coal = 0,petroleum_coke = 0,coal_home_produced_gen = 0,bioethanol = 0,biodiesel = 0,biomethane = 0,
                      biodiesel_cooking_oil = 0,biodiesel_tallow = 0,biodiesel_HVO = 0,biopropane = 0,bio_petrol = 0,
                      renewable_petrol = 0,wood_log = 0,wood_chips = 0,wood_pellets = 0,grass = 0,biogas = 0,landfill_gas = 0,
                      butane_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), CNG_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), LPG_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), LNG_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), natural_gas_units= c("kwh", "cubic metres", "tonnes"),
                      natural_gas_mineral_units= c("kwh", "cubic metres", "tonnes"), other_petroleum_gas_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), propane_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), aviation_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"),
                      aviation_fuel_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), burning_oil_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), diesel_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), diesel_mineral_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"),
                      fuel_oil_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), gas_oil_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), lubricants_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), naptha_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), petrol_biofuel_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"),
                      petrol_mineral_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), residual_oil_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), distillate_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"), refinery_miscellaneous_units= c("kwh", "litres", "tonnes"),
                      waste_oils_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"), marine_gas_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"), marine_fuel_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"), coal_industrial_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"),
                      coal_electricity_gen_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"), coal_domestic_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"), coking_coal_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"), petroleum_coke_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"),
                      coal_home_produced_gen_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"), bioethanol_units = c("litres", "GJ", "kg"), biodiesel_units = c("litres", "GJ", "kg"), biomethane_units = c("litres", "GJ", "kg"),
                      biodiesel_cooking_oil_units = c("litres", "GJ", "kg"), biodiesel_tallow_units = c("litres", "GJ", "kg"), biodiesel_HVO_units = c("litres", "GJ", "kg"), biopropane_units = c("litres", "GJ", "kg"),
                      bio_petrol_units = c("litres", "GJ", "kg"), renewable_petrol_units = c("litres", "GJ", "kg"), wood_log_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"), wood_chips_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"),
                      wood_pellets_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"), grass_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"), biogas_units= c("kwh", "tonnes"), landfill_gas_units= c("kwh", "tonnes")){
  
  checkmate::assert_count(num_people)
  
  checkmate::assert_numeric(butane)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(CNG)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(LNG)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(LPG)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(natural_gas)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(natural_gas_mineral)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(other_petroleum_gas)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(propane)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(aviation)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(aviation_fuel)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(burning_oil)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(diesel)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(diesel_mineral)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(fuel_oil)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(gas_oil)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(lubricants)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(naptha)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(petrol_biofuel)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(petrol_mineral)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(residual_oil)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(distillate)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(refinery_miscellaneous)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(waste_oils)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(marine_gas)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(marine_fuel)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(coal_industrial)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(coal_electricity_gen)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(coal_domestic)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(coking_coal)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(petroleum_coke)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(coal_home_produced_gen)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(bioethanol)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(biodiesel)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(biomethane)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(biodiesel_cooking_oil)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(biodiesel_tallow)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(biodiesel_HVO)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(biopropane)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(bio_petrol)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(renewable_petrol)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(wood_log)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(wood_chips)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(wood_pellets)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(grass)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(biogas)
  checkmate::assert_numeric(landfill_gas)
  
  butane_units <- match.arg(butane_units)
  CNG_units <- match.arg(CNG_units)
  LNG_units <- match.arg(LNG_units)
  LPG_units <- match.arg(LPG_units)
  natural_gas_units <- match.arg(natural_gas_units)
  natural_gas_mineral_units <- match.arg(natural_gas_mineral_units)
  other_petroleum_gas_units <- match.arg(other_petroleum_gas_units)
  propane_units <- match.arg(propane_units)
  aviation_units <- match.arg(aviation_units)
  aviation_fuel_units <- match.arg(aviation_fuel_units)
  burning_oil_units <- match.arg(burning_oil_units)
  diesel_units <- match.arg(diesel_units)
  diesel_mineral_units <- match.arg(diesel_mineral_units)
  fuel_oil_units <- match.arg(fuel_oil_units)
  gas_oil_units <- match.arg(gas_oil_units)
  lubricants_units <- match.arg(lubricants_units)
  naptha_units <- match.arg(naptha_units)
  petrol_biofuel_units <- match.arg(petrol_biofuel_units)
  petrol_mineral_units <- match.arg(petrol_mineral_units)
  residual_oil_units <- match.arg(residual_oil_units)
  distillate_units <- match.arg(distillate_units)
  refinery_miscellaneous_units <- match.arg(refinery_miscellaneous_units)
  waste_oils_units <- match.arg(waste_oils_units)
  marine_gas_units <- match.arg(marine_gas_units)
  marine_fuel_units <- match.arg(marine_fuel_units)
  coal_industrial_units <- match.arg(coal_industrial_units)
  coal_electricity_gen_units <- match.arg(coal_electricity_gen_units)
  coal_domestic_units <- match.arg(coal_domestic_units)
  coking_coal_units <- match.arg(coking_coal_units)
  petroleum_coke_units <- match.arg(petroleum_coke_units)
  coal_home_produced_gen_units <- match.arg(coal_home_produced_gen_units)
  bioethanol_units <- match.arg(bioethanol_units)
  biodiesel_units <- match.arg(biodiesel_units)
  biomethane_units <- match.arg(biomethane_units)
  biodiesel_cooking_oil_units <- match.arg(biodiesel_cooking_oil_units)
  biodiesel_tallow_units <- match.arg(biodiesel_tallow_units)
  biodiesel_HVO_units <- match.arg(biodiesel_HVO_units)
  biopropane_units <- match.arg(biopropane_units)
  bio_petrol_units <- match.arg(bio_petrol_units)
  renewable_petrol_units <- match.arg(renewable_petrol_units)
  wood_log_units <- match.arg(wood_log_units)
  wood_chips_units <- match.arg(wood_chips_units)
  wood_pellets_units <- match.arg(wood_pellets_units)
  grass_units <- match.arg(grass_units)
  biogas_units <- match.arg(biogas_units)
  landfill_gas_units <- match.arg(landfill_gas_units)

  var_fuel <- c(unique(fuels$Fuel))
  unit_fuel <- c(butane_units, CNG_units, LNG_units, LPG_units, natural_gas_units, natural_gas_mineral_units, other_petroleum_gas_units, propane_units, aviation_units, aviation_fuel_units, burning_oil_units,
                 diesel_units, diesel_mineral_units, fuel_oil_units, gas_oil_units, lubricants_units, naptha_units, petrol_biofuel_units, petrol_mineral_units, residual_oil_units, distillate_units,
                 refinery_miscellaneous_units, waste_oils_units, marine_gas_units, marine_fuel_units, coal_industrial_units, coal_electricity_gen_units, coal_domestic_units, coking_coal_units, petroleum_coke_units,
                 coal_home_produced_gen_units, bioethanol_units, biodiesel_units, biomethane_units, biodiesel_cooking_oil_units, biodiesel_tallow_units, biodiesel_HVO_units, biopropane_units, bio_petrol_units,
                 renewable_petrol_units, wood_log_units, wood_chips_units, wood_pellets_units, grass_units, biogas_units, landfill_gas_units)
  val_fuel <- c(butane, CNG, LNG, LPG, natural_gas, natural_gas_mineral, other_petroleum_gas, propane, aviation, aviation_fuel, burning_oil,
                diesel, diesel_mineral, fuel_oil, gas_oil, lubricants, naptha, petrol_biofuel, petrol_mineral, residual_oil, distillate,
                refinery_miscellaneous, waste_oils, marine_gas, marine_fuel, coal_industrial, coal_electricity_gen, coal_domestic, coking_coal, petroleum_coke,
                coal_home_produced_gen, bioethanol, biodiesel, biomethane, biodiesel_cooking_oil, biodiesel_tallow, biodiesel_HVO, biopropane, bio_petrol,
                renewable_petrol, wood_log, wood_chips, wood_pellets, grass, biogas, landfill_gas)
  
    emission <- NULL
    for (i in 1:length(var_fuel)){
      if (val_fuel[i] != 0){
        emission[i] <- (fuels %>%
                          dplyr::filter(.data$Fuel == var_fuel[i]) %>%
                          dplyr::filter(.data$unit == unit_fuel[i]))$CO2e * val_fuel[i]
      } else {
        emission[i] <- 0
      }
    }
    total_emissions <- sum(emission)
  #}
  overall_emissions <- total_emissions * num_people
  return(overall_emissions * 0.001) # to give in tonnes
}