knitr::opts_chunk$set( collapse = TRUE, comment = "#>", warning = FALSE, message = FALSE )
The aim of this vignette is to introduce the R package confintr
for calculating one- and two-sided classic and bootstrap confidence intervals.
Confidence intervals for the following parameters are available:
mean (Student, Wald, bootstrap),
proportion (Wilson, Clopper-Pearson, Agresti-Coutts, bootstrap),
median and other quantiles (distribution-free binomial and bootstrap),
variance and standard deviation (chi-squared, bootstrap),
IQR and MAD (bootstrap only),
skewness and kurtosis (bootstrap only),
R-squared and the non-centrality parameter of the F distribution (parametric),
Cramér's V and the non-centrality parameter of the chi-squared distribution (parametric and bootstrap),
the odds ratio of a 2x2 table (exact),
Pearson-, Spearman-, Kendall correlation coefficients (normal for Pearson, bootstrap for any),
Mean, quantile and median differences of two samples (for quantile/median only bootstrap).
Many of the classic confidence intervals on this list are discussed in [@smithson2003].
We offer different types of bootstrap intervals:
Normal ("norm") bootstrap confidence interval: This is the Wald/Student confidence interval using as standard error the standard deviation of the bootstrap distribution plus a bootstrap bias correction. Simple, but only first-order accurate and not transformation respecting.
Percentile ("perc") bootstrap confidence interval: Uses quantiles of the bootstrap distribution as confidence limits. Simple, but only first order accurate. Transformation respecting.
Basic ("basic") or reverse bootstrap confidence interval: Flipped version of the percentile approach, dealing with bias but at the price of having very unnaturally tailed sampling distributions. Only first order accurate.
Bias-corrected and accelerated ("bca") confidence interval: Refined version of the percentile bootstrap which is second order accurate and transformation respecting. Needs more replications than observations. Usually our default.
Student-t ("stud") bootstrap confidence interval: Refined version of the normal bootstrap that replaces the Student quantile by a custom quantile obtained from bootstrapping the variance of the bootstrapped statistic. Second order accurate but not transformation respecting. Requires a formula for the variance of the estimator, which confintr
provides for the mean, the mean difference, the variance (and standard deviation) as well as for the proportion. Used as the default for the mean and the mean difference.
For details on bootstrap confidence intervals, we refer to [@efron1993]. We provide them through the widely used boot
package [@ripley2019].
From CRAN:
install.packages("confintr")
Latest version from github:
library(devtools) install_github("mayer79/confintr")
library(confintr) set.seed(1) # Mean ci_mean(1:100) ci_mean(1:100, type = "bootstrap") # 95% value at risk ci_quantile(rexp(1000), q = 0.95) # IQR ci_IQR(rexp(100), R = 999) # Correlation ci_cor(iris[1:2], method = "spearman", type = "bootstrap", R = 999) # Proportions ci_proportion(10, n = 100, type = "Wilson") ci_proportion(10, n = 100, type = "Clopper-Pearson") # R-squared fit <- lm(Sepal.Length ~ ., data = iris) ci_rsquared(fit, probs = c(0.05, 1)) # Kurtosis ci_kurtosis(1:100) # Mean difference ci_mean_diff(10:30, 1:15) ci_mean_diff(10:30, 1:15, type = "bootstrap", R = 999) # Median difference ci_median_diff(10:30, 1:15, R = 999)
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