Description Usage Arguments Details Value Author(s) References Examples
This function uses a family of gSHD (generalized structural hamming distance) to aggregate an ensemble of DAGs (e.g., learned on bootstrap resamples)
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boot.adj |
A p by p by B array, where B is the number of DAGs to be aggregated. It records the adjacency matrices. It may be the output of the "score" function. |
alpha |
a positive scalar: alpha defines which member of the gSHD family should be used to aggregate the DAGs. In general, the larger the alpha, the more aggressive of the aggregation, in that less edges are retained leading to smaller FDR and less power, default = 1 |
threshold |
a scalar: it defines the frequency cut-off value, default =0, meaning not to include any edge with (generalized) bootstrap selection frequency <0.5. |
max.step |
an integer: the maximum number of search steps, default = 500 |
blacklist |
a p by p 0-1 matrix: if the (i,j)th-entry is "1", then the edge i–>j will be excluded from the DAG during the search, default=NULL |
whitelist |
a p by p 0-1 matrix: if the (i,j)th-entry is "1", then the edge i–>j will always be included in the DAG during the search, default=NULL |
print |
logic: whether print the step information, default= FALSE |
score_shd aggregates an ensemble of DAGs to get a DAG that minimizes the overall distance to the ensemble. A (generalized) structural hamming distance is used as the distance metric on the space of DAGs of a given set of nodes.
A list with three components
adj.matrix |
adjacency matrix of the aggregated DAG |
final.step |
a number recording how many search steps are conducted before the procedure stops |
movement |
a matrix recording the selected operation, addition, deletion or reversal of an edge, at each search step |
Wang, R and Peng, J.
Wang, R. and Peng, J. (2013) Learning directed acyclic graphs via bootstrap aggregating. arXiv:1406.2098
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 | # read in data and true network
data(example)
Y.n=example$Y # data matrix
true.dir=example$true.dir #adjacency matrix of the data generating DAG
true.ske=example$true.ske # skeleton graph of the data generating DAG
## (i) DAG learning by hill climbing: no aggregation
# learn DAG using "BIC" score
temp=score(Y=Y.n, n.boot=0, score.type="BIC")
adj=temp$adj.matrix
# Find the total number of skeleton edges
# and the number of correct skeleton edges of the estimated DAG
tt=adj+t(adj) ##symmetrization
correct.c=sum((tt>0)&(true.ske>0))/2
total.c=sum(tt>0)/2
total.true=sum(true.ske>0)/2
c(total.c, correct.c, total.true) ##326, 96, 109
## (ii) DAG learning by bagging
set.seed(1)
# get the ensemble of DAGs from bootstrap resamples
temp.boot=score(Y.n, n.boot=10, score.type="BIC")
boot.adj=temp.boot$adj.matrix
temp.bag=score_shd(boot.adj, alpha = 1) ##aggregating
adj.bag=temp.bag$adj.matrix
# Find the total number of skeleton edges and the number of
# correct skeleton edges of the estimated DAG
tt=adj.bag+t(adj.bag) ##symmetrization
correct.c=sum((tt>0)&(true.ske>0))/2
total.c=sum(tt>0)/2
total.true=sum(true.ske>0)/2
c(total.c, correct.c, total.true) ##121, 89, 109
#Note: much less number of false edges and slightly less number of correct edges
#compared with the non-bagging result
## try different aggregation parameter alpha
#(i) alpha=0.5: less aggressive, more edges retained
temp.bag=score_shd(boot.adj, alpha = 0.5) ##aggregating
adj.bag05=temp.bag$adj.matrix
# Find the total number of skeleton edges
# and the number of correct skeleton edges of the estimated DAG
tt=adj.bag05+t(adj.bag05) ##symmetrization
correct.c=sum((tt>0)&(true.ske>0))/2
total.c=sum(tt>0)/2
total.true=sum(true.ske>0)/2
c(total.c, correct.c, total.true) ##132, 91, 109
#(ii) alpha=1.5: more aggressive, less edges retained
temp.bag=score_shd(boot.adj, alpha = 1.5) ##aggregating
adj.bag15=temp.bag$adj.matrix
# Find the total number of skeleton edges
# and the number of correct skeleton edges of the estimated DAG
tt=adj.bag15+t(adj.bag15) ##symmetrization
correct.c=sum((tt>0)&(true.ske>0))/2
total.c=sum(tt>0)/2
total.true=sum(true.ske>0)/2
c(total.c, correct.c, total.true) ##115, 87, 109
#(iii) alpha=2: more aggressive, less edges retained
temp.bag=score_shd(boot.adj, alpha = 2) ##aggregating
adj.bag2=temp.bag$adj.matrix
# Find the total number of skeleton edges
# and the number of correct skeleton edges of the estimated DAG
tt=adj.bag2+t(adj.bag2) ##symmetrization
correct.c=sum((tt>0)&(true.ske>0))/2
total.c=sum(tt>0)/2
total.true=sum(true.ske>0)/2
c(total.c, correct.c, total.true) ##86, 67, 109
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