# dmm-package: Dyadic mixed model analysis for pedigree data In dmm: Dyadic Mixed Model for Pedigree Data

## Description

Dyadic mixed model analysis with multi-trait responses and pedigree-based partitioning of an individual random effect into a range of genetic and environmental (co)variance components for individual (ie direct) and maternal contributions to phenotype.

## Details

 Package: dmm Type: Package Version: 1.7-1 Date: 2016-01-08 License: GPL-2

This package provides tools for setting up and solving dyadic model equations leading to estimates of variance components and their standard errors, for transforming variance components to genetic parameters and their standard errors, and for computing genetic response to selection.

You may wish to use this package if you are looking for any of the following features in a quantitative genetic analysis:

• suited to small multi-trait datasets with pedigree information

• individual, maternal, and cohort environmental component estimates and standard errors

• individual and maternal additive, dominance, epistatic, and sex-linked genetic component estimates and standard errors

• cross-effect and cross-trait covariance components

• multicollinearities among the components

• genetic parameters (ie proportion of variance and correlation) and standard errors for all fitted components

• genetic response to phenotypic selection for individual additive and maternal additive cases with autosomal and sexlinked components

• data preparation tools

• S3 methods to organize output

• test example datasets

• alternative approach to iterative ML and REML estimation procedures

• component estimates equivalent to MINQUE (after fixed effects by OLS) and bias-corrected-ML (after fixed effects by GLS)

• multi-trait or traitspairwise or traitsblockwise analyses

• class-specific genetic parameters

The main functions in dmm are:

dmm()

Sets up and solves dyadic model equations for a dataset which is supplied as a dataframe containing both the pedigree information and the observations

mdf()

Checks the dataframe for compliance with dmm requirements, converts multi-trait data to a matrix within the dataframe, and optionally appends relationship matrices to the dataframe.

summary()

S3 method, reports estimated (co)variance components and standard errors

csummary()

S3 method, reports reports (co)varianve components with standard erors, sorted into class-specific groups, so that thaey sum to phenotypic (co)variance within each group

gsummary()

S3 method, reports genetic parameters and standard errors

gresponse()

S3 method, reports genetic response to selection

print()

S3 method, briefly reports output object from dmm()

plot()

S3 method, plots residuals for dyadic model fit

There are also some example datasets, some with 'known' answers:

dt8bal.df

A small balanced dataset showing agreement with aov in balanced case

harv103.df

A real dataset from Harvey(1960) with extensive fixed effects

merino.df

A large real multi-trait dataset from a Merino sheep breeding experiment

quercus.df

A 2-trait dataset supplied with the QUERCUS program

sheep.df

A small 3-trait dataset used for demonstration

tstmo1.df

A univariate dataset supplied with the DFREML program

warcolak

We also use the warcolak dataset from package nadiv

To use dmm one first must put the desired dataset into an R workspace as a dataframe object. The minimum requirement is for a dataframe with columns labelled :

Id

Identifier for each individual

SId

Identifier for the sire of each individual

DId

Identifier for the dam of each individual

Sex

Sex code for each individual

Fixed factors

Codes for levels of each fixed factor

Observations

Numeric values for each observation or trait

There are other requirements, and these are documented under the mdf() help page, which also documents how to use mdf() to convert the user's dataframe to an acceptable form, which can be either another dataframe or an object of class mdf.

Given an acceptable data object, one simply calls function dmm() with appropriate arguments, the first of which is the data object's name. There are formula arguments to specify fixed effects and cohorts, and the components to be partitioned are specified in a simple vector of names. Arguments are documented under the dmm() help page. An object of class dmm is returned and should be saved in the R workspace.

Given a dmm object, there are S3 methods to display the results as follows:

print()

Reports fixed effect coefficient and (co)variance component estimates

summary()

Reports fixed effect coefficient and (co)variance component estimates with standard errors and confidence limits

gprint()

Reports genetic parameters (proportion of variance and correlation) for each component partitioned

gsummary()

Reports genetic parameters with standard errors and confidence limits

gresponse()

reports genetic response to selection, for estimated parameters

These functions are documented on their help pages. Other results (eg plots) may be obtained by accessing the dmm object's attributes directly. See dmm.object help page.

## Author(s)

Neville Jackson

Maintainer: Neville Jackson <[email protected]>

## References

dmmOverview.pdf

In the dmm package

dmm()

for dmm function arguments and return value

summary()

for fixed coefficients and (co)variance components

gsummary()

for genetic parameters

gresponse()

for predicted selection response

make.ctable()

for comprehensive list of variance components

mdf()

for data preparation

print()

for brief print of dmm() output

plot()

for residual plots for dyadic model

Other R packages

• pedigreemm

  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 library(dmm) # simple univariate case, direct from the dataframe data(dt8bal.df) dt8.fit <- dmm(dt8bal.df, CWW ~ 1 + Sex) # components not given -> takes the default summary(dt8.fit) # fixed effect and environmental and additive genetic components gsummary(dt8.fit) # heritability with se's rm(dt8.fit) rm(dt8bal.df) # Note: 'dt8bal.df is a small demo dataset. Results are # illustrative but not meaningful. # for more examples see 'dmm' help page and references # for a tutorial and fully documented examples see {\em dmmOverview.pdf}