inst/doc/intro.R

In iotables: Reproducible Input-Output Economics Analysis, Economic and Environmental Impact Assessment with Empirical Data

## ----setupknitr, include=FALSE, message=FALSE---------------------------------
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  collapse = TRUE,
  comment = "#>"
)

## ----setup,  message=FALSE----------------------------------------------------
library(iotables)
library(dplyr, quietly = T)
library(tidyr, quietly = T)

## ----iotables-----------------------------------------------------------------
germany_io <- iotable_get( labelling = "iotables" )
input_flow <- input_flow_get ( 
                  data_table = germany_io, 
                  households = FALSE)

de_output <- primary_input_get ( germany_io, "output" )
print (de_output[c(1:4)])

## ----inputcoeff, echo=TRUE----------------------------------------------------
de_input_coeff <- input_coefficient_matrix_create( 
     data_table = germany_io, 
     digits = 4)

## which is equivalent to:
de_input_coeff <- coefficient_matrix_create( 
  data_table = germany_io, 
  total = "output", 
  return_part = "products", 
  households = FALSE,
  digits = 4)

print (de_input_coeff[1:3, 1:3])

## ----outputcoeff, echo=FALSE--------------------------------------------------
de_out <- output_coefficient_matrix_create ( 
 data_table = germany_io, 
 total = 'tfu',
 digits = 4)

# Rounding is slightly different in the Eurostat manual:
print(de_out[1:3, 1:3])

## ----leontief-----------------------------------------------------------------
L_de <- leontief_matrix_create ( 
  technology_coefficients_matrix = de_input_coeff 
  )
I_de   <- leontief_inverse_create(de_input_coeff)
I_de_4 <- leontief_inverse_create(technology_coefficients_matrix=de_input_coeff,
                                  digits = 4)
print (I_de_4[,1:3])

## ----employment_indicator-----------------------------------------------------
de_emp <- primary_input_get(germany_io,
                            primary_input = "employment_domestic_total")

de_emp_indicator <- input_indicator_create( 
    data_table = germany_io,
    input_row  = "employment_domestic_total")

vector_transpose_longer(de_emp_indicator)

## ----gva_indicator------------------------------------------------------------
de_gva <- primary_input_get ( germany_io,
                              primary_input = "gva") 

de_gva_indicator  <- input_indicator_create( 
    data_table  = germany_io,
    input_row   = "gva")

vector_transpose_longer(de_gva_indicator)

## ----input_indicator----------------------------------------------------------
direct_effects_de <- coefficient_matrix_create(
  data_table  = germany_io, 
  total       = 'output', 
  return_part = 'primary_inputs')

direct_effects_de[1:6,1:4]

## ----inputmultipliers---------------------------------------------------------
input_reqr <- coefficient_matrix_create(
    data_table  = iotable_get(), 
    total       = 'output', 
    return_part = 'primary_inputs') 

multipliers <- input_multipliers_create(
  input_requirements = input_reqr,
  Im = I_de)

multipliers

## ----employment_multiplier----------------------------------------------------
de_emp_indicator <- input_indicator_create (
  data_table = germany_io, 
  input = 'employment_domestic_total') 

employment_multipliers <- multiplier_create ( 
  input_vector    = de_emp_indicator,
  Im              = I_de,
  multiplier_name = "employment_multiplier", 
  digits = 4 )

vector_transpose_longer(employment_multipliers,
                        values_to="employment_multipliers")

## ----outputmult---------------------------------------------------------------
de_input_coeff <- input_coefficient_matrix_create( 
  data_table = iotable_get(), 
  digits = 4)

output_multipliers <- output_multiplier_create (input_coefficient_matrix = de_input_coeff)

vector_transpose_longer(output_multipliers, 
                        values_to = "output_multipliers")

## ----backward-----------------------------------------------------------------
de_coeff <- input_coefficient_matrix_create(iotable_get(), digits = 4)
I_de     <- leontief_inverse_create (de_coeff)

vector_transpose_longer(backward_linkages(I_de),
                        values_to = "backward_linkage_strength")

## ----ghoshinverse-------------------------------------------------------------
de_out <- output_coefficient_matrix_create(
  data_table = germany_io, 
  total = "final_demand", 
  digits = 4
  )

ghosh_inverse_create(de_out, digits = 4)[,1:4]

## ----forwardlinkages----------------------------------------------------------
forward_linkages(output_coefficient_matrix = de_out)

## ----emissions----------------------------------------------------------------
data("germany_airpol")
emissions_de <- germany_airpol[, -3] %>%
  vector_transpose_wider(names_from = "iotables_col", 
                         values_from = "value")

## ----emissionsprint-----------------------------------------------------------
emissions_de

## ----outputbp-----------------------------------------------------------------
output_bp <- output_get(germany_io)

## ----emmissioncoeffs----------------------------------------------------------
emission_coeffs <- germany_io %>%
  supplementary_add(emissions_de) %>%
  input_indicator_create(input_row = as.character(emissions_de$airpol), digits = 4)

## ----emmissioncoeffsprint-----------------------------------------------------
emission_coeffs[-1, 1:3]

## ----CO2multiplier------------------------------------------------------------
multiplier_create( 
  input_vector    = emission_coeffs[2,],
  Im              = I_de,
  multiplier_name = "CO2_multiplier", 
  digits = 4 )

## ----emissionmultipliers------------------------------------------------------
names(emission_coeffs)[1] <- names(I_de)[1]
emission_multipliers <- cbind (
  key_column_create(names(emission_coeffs)[1], 
                    gsub("_indicator", "_multiplier", unlist(emission_coeffs[-1,1]))), 
  do.call( rbind, 
           lapply ( 2:nrow(emission_coeffs), 
                    function(x) equation_solve(emission_coeffs[x, ], I_de) )
           ) %>% as.data.frame()
  )

emission_multipliers[, -1] <- round(emission_multipliers[, -1], 4)

emission_multipliers[1:3,1:4]

## ----finaldemand--------------------------------------------------------------
final_demand <- rowSums(germany_io[1:6, 9:13])

## ----emissioncontent----------------------------------------------------------
emission_content <- as.data.frame(
  round(as.matrix(emission_multipliers[1:3, -1]) %*% diag(final_demand), 0)
)
names(emission_content) <- names(emission_multipliers[,-1])

emission_content <- data.frame ( 
  iotables_row = gsub("_multiplier", "_content", emission_multipliers[1:3,1])
  ) %>%
  cbind(emission_content ) 

emission_content[,1:4]