dif_report: Generate a differential-functioning interpretation report

In mfrmr: Estimation and Diagnostics for Many-Facet Measurement Models

Generate a differential-functioning interpretation report

Description

Produces APA-style narrative text interpreting the results of a differential- functioning analysis or interaction table. For method = "refit", the report summarises the number of facet levels classified as negligible (A), moderate (B), and large (C). For method = "residual", it summarises screening-positive results, lists the specific levels and their direction, and includes a caveat about the distinction between construct-relevant variation and measurement bias.

Usage

dif_report(dif_result, ...)

Arguments

dif_result	Output from analyze_dff() / analyze_dif() (class mfrm_dff with compatibility class mfrm_dif) or dif_interaction_table() (class mfrm_dif_interaction).
...	Currently unused; reserved for future extensions.

Details

When dif_result is an mfrm_dff/mfrm_dif object, the report is based on the pairwise differential-functioning contrasts in ⁠$dif_table⁠. When it is an mfrm_dif_interaction object, the report uses the cell-level statistics and flags from ⁠$table⁠.

For method = "refit", ETS-style magnitude labels are used only when subgroup calibrations were successfully linked back to a common baseline scale; otherwise the report labels those contrasts as unclassified because the refit difference is descriptive rather than comparable on a linked logit scale. For method = "residual", the report describes screening-positive versus screening-negative contrasts instead of applying ETS labels.

Value

Object of class mfrm_dif_report with narrative, counts, large_dif, gpcm_boundary, and config.

Interpreting output

• ⁠$narrative⁠: character scalar with the full narrative text.

• ⁠$counts⁠: named integer vector of method-appropriate counts.

• ⁠$large_dif⁠: tibble of large ETS results (method = "refit") or screening-positive contrasts/cells (method = "residual").

• ⁠$gpcm_boundary⁠: for bounded GPCM inputs, a capability-boundary table marking the narrative as caveated DFF screening output.

• ⁠$config⁠: analysis configuration inherited from the input.

GPCM boundary

If the input comes from a bounded GPCM fit, the narrative includes a bounded-GPCM note and the returned report carries gpcm_boundary. Treat the text as slope-aware screening/reporting support, not as a standalone fairness, invariance, or operational subgroup decision.

Typical workflow

1. Run analyze_dff() / analyze_dif() or dif_interaction_table().

2. Pass the result to dif_report().

3. Print the report or extract ⁠$narrative⁠ for inclusion in a manuscript.

References

The narrative caveat about distinguishing construct-relevant variation from unwanted measurement bias is grounded in:

• Eckes, T. (2011). Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement: Analyzing and Evaluating Rater-Mediated Assessments. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-631-61350-4.

• McNamara, T., & Knoch, U. (2012). The Rasch wars: The emergence of Rasch measurement in language testing. Language Testing, 29(4), 555–576. \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1177/0265532211430367")}

See Also

analyze_dff(), analyze_dif(), dif_interaction_table(), plot_dif_heatmap(), build_apa_outputs()

Examples

toy <- load_mfrmr_data("example_bias")

fit <- fit_mfrm(toy, "Person", c("Rater", "Criterion"), "Score",
                 method = "JML", model = "RSM", maxit = 30)
diag <- diagnose_mfrm(fit, residual_pca = "none")
dif <- analyze_dff(fit, diag, facet = "Rater", group = "Group", data = toy)
rpt <- dif_report(dif)
cat(rpt$narrative)

mfrmr documentation built on June 13, 2026, 1:07 a.m.