R/pssbounds.r

Defines functions pssbounds

Documented in pssbounds

#' pssbounds
#'
#' display the necessary critical values to conduct the
#' Pesaran, Shin and Smith 2001 bounds test for cointegration.
#' See \url{http://andyphilips.github.io/pssbounds/}.
#'
#' @param obs number of observations
#' @param fstat value of the F-statistic
#' @param tstat value of the t-statistic
#' @param case case number
#' @param k number of regressors appearing in lag levels
#'
#' @details pssbounds is a module to display the necessary critical values to conduct the Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001) bounds test for cointegration. Critical values using the F-test are the default; users can also include the critical values of the t-test with the tstat parameter.
#'
#'
#' @details As discussed in Philips (2016), the upper and lower bounds of the cointegration test are non-standard, and depend on the number of observations, the number of regressors appearing in levels, and the restrictions (if any) placed on the intercept and trend. Asymptotic critical values are provided by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001), and small-sample critical values by Narayan (2005). The following five cases are possible: I (no intercept, no trend), II (restricted intercept, no trend), III (unrestricted intercept, no trend), IV (unrestricted intercept, restricted trend), V (unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend). See Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001) for more details; Case III is the most common.
#'
#'
#' @details More details are available at \url{http://andyphilips.github.io/pssbounds/}.
#'
#'
#' @return None
#'
#' @author Soren Jordan, \email{sorenjordanpols@@gmail.com}
#' @author Andrew Q Philips, \email{aphilips@@pols.tamu.edu}
#'
#' @references If you use pssbounds, please cite:
#' @references Jordan, Soren and Andrew Q. Philips. "pss: Perform bounds test for cointegration and perform dynamic simulations."
#' @references and
#' @references Philips, Andrew Q. "Have your cake and eat it too? Cointegration and dynamic inference from autoregressive distributed lag models" Working Paper.
#'
#'
#' @references Narayan, Paresh Kumar. 2005. "The Saving and Investment Nexus for China: Evidence from Cointegration Tests." Applied Economics 37(17):1979-1990.
#' @references Pesaran, M Hashem, Yongcheol Shin and Richard J Smith. 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships." Journal of Applied Econometrics 16(3):289-326.
#'
#'
#'
#' @examples
#' reg<-nardl(food~inf,fod,ic="aic",maxlag = 4,graph = TRUE,case=3)
#' pssbounds(case=reg$case,fstat=reg$fstat,obs=reg$Nobs,k=reg$k)
#' # F-stat concludes I(1) and cointegrating, t-stat concludes I(0).
#'
#'
#' @export
#'

pssbounds <- function(obs, fstat, tstat = NULL, case, k) {
	cases <- seq(1, 5, 1)
	cases.roman <- c("I", "II", "III", "IV", "V")
	fnote <- tnote <- NULL
	if((case %in% cases.roman) == TRUE) {
		if(case == "I") {case <- 1}
		else if (case == "II") {case <- 2}
		else if (case == "III") {case <- 3}
		else if (case == "IV") {case <- 4}
		else if (case == "V") {case <- 5}
	}
	if((case %in% cases) == FALSE) {
		stop("Case must be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.")
	}
	if (obs <= 30) {
		# Case 1: no intercept, no trend
		if (case == 1) {
			# Doesn't exist! Use asym. crit values
			fnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
			#		0.10        0.05	   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0) I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.00, 3.00, 4.20, 4.20, 7.17, 7.17, # 0
											 2.44, 3.28, 3.15, 4.11, 4.81, 6.02, # 1
											 2.17, 3.19, 2.72, 3.83, 3.88, 5.30, # 2
											 2.01, 3.10, 2.45, 3.63, 3.42, 4.84, # 3
											 1.90, 3.01, 2.26, 3.48, 3.07, 4.44, # 4
											 1.81, 2.93, 2.14, 3.34, 2.82, 4.21, # 5
											 1.75, 2.87, 2.04, 3.24, 2.66, 4.05, # 6
											 1.70, 2.83, 1.97, 3.18, 2.54, 3.91, # 7
											 1.66, 2.79, 1.91, 3.11, 2.45, 3.79, # 8
											 1.63, 2.75, 1.86, 3.05, 2.34, 3.68, # 9
											 1.60, 2.72, 1.82, 2.99, 2.26, 3.60), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-1.62, -1.62, -1.95, -1.95, -2.58, -2.58, # 0
												 -1.62, -2.28, -1.95, -2.60, -2.58, -3.22, # 1
												 -1.62, -2.68, -1.95, -3.02, -2.58, -3.66, # 2
												 -1.62, -3.00, -1.95, -3.33, -2.58, -3.97, # 3
												 -1.62, -3.26, -1.95, -3.60, -2.58, -4.23, # 4
												 -1.62, -3.49, -1.95, -3.83, -2.58, -4.44, # 5
												 -1.62, -3.70, -1.95, -4.04, -2.58, -4.67, # 6
												 -1.62, -3.90, -1.95, -4.23, -2.58, -4.88, # 7
												 -1.62, -4.09, -1.95, -4.43, -2.58, -5.07, # 8
												 -1.62, -4.26, -1.95, -4.61, -2.58, -5.25, # 9
												 -1.62, -4.42, -1.95, -4.76, -2.58, -5.44), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case II: Restricted intercept and no trend
		else if (case == 2) {
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(4.025, 4.025, 5.070, 5.070, 7.595, 7.595, # 0
											 3.303, 3.797, 4.090, 4.663, 6.027, 6.760, # 1
											 2.915, 3.695, 3.538, 4.428, 5.155, 6.265, # 2
											 2.676, 3.586, 3.272, 4.306, 4.614, 5.966, # 3
											 2.525, 3.560, 3.058, 4.223, 4.280, 5.840, # 4
											 2.407, 3.517, 2.910, 4.193, 4.134, 5.761, # 5
											 2.334, 3.515, 2.794, 4.148, 3.976, 5.691, # 6
											 2.277, 3.498, 2.730, 4.163, 3.864, 5.694), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case II."
			}
		}
		# Case III: unrestricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 3)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(6.840, 6.840, 8.770, 8.770, 13.680, 13.680, # 0
											 4.290, 5.080, 5.395, 6.350, 8.170, 9.285, # 1
											 3.437, 4.470, 4.267, 5.473, 6.183, 7.873, # 2
											 3.008, 4.150, 3.710, 5.018, 5.333, 7.063, # 3
											 2.752, 3.994, 3.354, 4.774, 4.768, 6.670, # 4
											 2.578, 3.858, 3.125, 4.608, 4.537, 6.370, # 5
											 2.457, 3.797, 2.970, 4.499, 4.270, 6.211, # 6
											 2.384, 3.728, 2.875, 4.445, 4.104, 6.151), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case III. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-2.57, -2.57, -2.86, -2.86, -3.43, -3.43, # 0
												 -2.57, -2.91, -2.86, -3.22, -3.43, -3.82, # 1
												 -2.57, -3.21, -2.86, -3.53, -3.43, -4.10, # 2
												 -2.57, -3.46, -2.86, -3.78, -3.43, -4.37, # 3
												 -2.57, -3.66, -2.86, -3.99, -3.43, -4.60, # 4
												 -2.57, -3.86, -2.86, -4.19, -3.43, -4.79, # 5
												 -2.57, -4.04, -2.86, -4.38, -3.43, -4.99, # 6
												 -2.57, -4.23, -2.86, -4.57, -3.43, -5.19, # 7
												 -2.57, -4.40, -2.86, -4.72, -3.43, -5.37, # 8
												 -2.57, -4.56, -2.86, -4.88, -3.42, -5.54, # 9
												 -2.57, -4.69, -2.86, -5.03, -3.43, -5.68), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE)	# 10
			}
		}
		# Case IV: Unrestricted intercept, restricted trend
		else if (case == 4)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(5.785, 5.785, 7.040, 7.040, 10.200, 10.200, # 0
											 4.427, 4.957, 5.377, 5.963, 7.593, 8.350, # 1
											 3.770, 4.535, 4.535, 5.415, 6.428, 7.505, # 2
											 3.378, 4.274, 4.048, 5.090, 5.666, 6.988, # 3
											 3.097, 4.118, 3.715, 4.878, 5.205, 6.640, # 4
											 2.907, 4.010, 3.504, 4.743, 4.850, 6.473, # 5
											 2.781, 3.941, 3.326, 4.653, 4.689, 6.358, # 6
											 2.681, 3.887, 3.194, 4.604, 4.490, 6.328), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case IV."
			}
		}
		# Case V: unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend
		else { # case == 5
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(10.340, 10.340, 12.740, 12.740, 18.560, 18.560, # 0
											 6.010, 6.780, 7.360, 8.265, 10.605, 11.650, # 1
											 4.577, 5.600, 5.550, 6.747, 7.977, 9.413, # 2
											 3.868, 4.965, 4.683, 5.980, 6.643, 8.313, # 3
											 3.430, 4.624, 4.154, 5.540, 5.856, 7.578, # 4
											 3.157, 4.412, 3.818, 5.253, 5.347, 7.242, # 5
											 2.977, 4.260, 3.576, 5.065, 5.046, 6.930, # 6
											 2.483, 4.160, 3.394, 4.939, 4.779, 6.821), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE)	# 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case V. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-3.13, -3.13, -3.41, -3.41, -3.96, -3.97, # 0
												 -3.13, -3.40, -3.41, -3.69, -3.96, -4.26, # 1
												 -3.13, -3.63, -3.41, -3.95, -3.96, -4.53, # 2
												 -3.13, -3.84, -3.41, -4.16, -3.96, -4.73, # 3
												 -3.13, -4.04, -3.41, -4.36, -3.96, -4.96, # 4
												 -3.13, -4.21, -3.41, -4.52, -3.96, -5.13, # 5
												 -3.13, -4.37, -3.41, -4.69, -3.96, -5.31, # 6
												 -3.13, -4.53, -3.41, -4.85, -3.96, -5.49, # 7
												 -3.13, -4.68, -3.41, -5.01, -3.96, -5.65, # 8
												 -3.13, -4.82, -3.41, -5.15, -3.96, -5.79, # 9
												 -3.13, -4.96, -3.41, -5.29, -3.96, -5.94), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
	}
	else if (obs <= 35) {
		# Case I: no intercept, no trend
		if (case == 1) {
			# Doesn't exist! Use asym. crit values
			fnote <- "Small-sample critical values are not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
			#		0.10        0.05	   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0) I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.00, 3.00, 4.20, 4.20, 7.17, 7.17, # 0
											 2.44, 3.28, 3.15, 4.11, 4.81, 6.02, # 1
											 2.17, 3.19, 2.72, 3.83, 3.88, 5.30, # 2
											 2.01, 3.10, 2.45, 3.63, 3.42, 4.84, # 3
											 1.90, 3.01, 2.26, 3.48, 3.07, 4.44, # 4
											 1.81, 2.93, 2.14, 3.34, 2.82, 4.21, # 5
											 1.75, 2.87, 2.04, 3.24, 2.66, 4.05, # 6
											 1.70, 2.83, 1.97, 3.18, 2.54, 3.91, # 7
											 1.66, 2.79, 1.91, 3.11, 2.45, 3.79, # 8
											 1.63, 2.75, 1.86, 3.05, 2.34, 3.68, # 9
											 11.60, 2.72, 1.82, 2.99, 2.26, 3.60), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-1.62, -1.62, -1.95, -1.95, -2.58, -2.58, # 0
												 -1.62, -2.28, -1.95, -2.60, -2.58, -3.22, # 1
												 -1.62, -2.68, -1.95, -3.02, -2.58, -3.66, # 2
												 -1.62, -3.00, -1.95, -3.33, -2.58, -3.97, # 3
												 -1.62, -3.26, -1.95, -3.60, -2.58, -4.23, # 4
												 -1.62, -3.49, -1.95, -3.83, -2.58, -4.44, # 5
												 -1.62, -3.70, -1.95, -4.04, -2.58, -4.67, # 6
												 -1.62, -3.90, -1.95, -4.23, -2.58, -4.88, # 7
												 -1.62, -4.09, -1.95, -4.43, -2.58, -5.07, # 8
												 -1.62, -4.26, -1.95, -4.61, -2.58, -5.25, # 9
												 -1.62, -4.42, -1.95, -4.76, -2.58, -5.44), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE)	 # 10
			}
		}
		# Case II: restricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 2)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.980, 3.980, 4.945, 4.945, 7.350, 7.350, # 0
											 3.223, 3.757, 3.957, 4.530, 5.763, 6.480, # 1
											 2.845, 3.623, 3.478, 4.335, 4.948, 6.028, # 2
											 2.618, 3.532, 3.164, 4.194, 4.428, 5.816, # 3
											 2.460, 3.460, 2.947, 4.088, 4.093, 5.532, # 4
											 2.331, 3.417, 2.804, 4.013, 3.900, 5.419, # 5
											 2.254, 3.388, 2.685, 3.960, 3.713, 5.326, # 6
											 2.196, 3.370, 2.597, 3.907, 3.599, 5.230), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case II."
			}
		}
		# Case III: unrestricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 3)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(6.810, 6.810, 8.640, 8.640, 13.290, 13.290, # 0
											 4.225, 5.050, 5.290, 6.175, 7.870, 8.960, # 1
											 3.393, 4.410, 4.183, 5.333, 6.140, 7.607, # 2
											 2.958, 4.100, 3.615, 4.913, 5.198, 6.845, # 3
											 2.696, 3.898, 3.276, 4.630, 4.590, 6.368, # 4
											 2.508, 3.763, 3.037, 4.443, 4.257, 6.040, # 5
											 2.387, 3.671, 2.864, 4.324, 4.016, 5.797, # 6
											 2.300, 3.606, 2.753, 4.209, 3.841, 5.686), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case III. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-2.57, -2.57, -2.86, -2.86, -3.43, -3.43, # 0
												 -2.57, -2.91, -2.86, -3.22, -3.43, -3.82, # 1
												 -2.57, -3.21, -2.86, -3.53, -3.43, -4.10, # 2
												 -2.57, -3.46, -2.86, -3.78, -3.43, -4.37, # 3
												 -2.57, -3.66, -2.86, -3.99, -3.43, -4.60, # 4
												 -2.57, -3.86, -2.86, -4.19, -3.43, -4.79, # 5
												 -2.57, -4.04, -2.86, -4.38, -3.43, -4.99, # 6
												 -2.57, -4.23, -2.86, -4.57, -3.43, -5.19, # 7
												 -2.57, -4.40, -2.86, -4.72, -3.43, -5.37, # 8
												 -2.57, -4.56, -2.86, -4.88, -3.42, -5.54, # 9
												 -2.57, -4.69, -2.86, -5.03, -3.43, -5.68), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case IV: unrestricted intercept, restricted trend
		else if (case == 4)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(5.690, 5.690, 6.900, 6.900, 9.975, 9.975, # 0
											 4.380, 4.867, 5.233, 5.777, 7.477, 8.213, # 1
											 3.698, 4.420, 4.433, 5.245, 6.328, 7.408, # 2
											 3.290, 4.176, 3.936, 4.918, 5.654, 6.926, # 3
											 3.035, 3.997, 3.578, 4.668, 5.147, 6.617, # 4
											 2.831, 3.879, 3.353, 4.500, 4.849, 6.511, # 5
											 2.685, 3.785, 3.174, 4.383, 4.629, 5.698, # 6
											 2.578, 3.710, 3.057, 4.319, 4.489, 5.064), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE)	 # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case IV."
			}
		}
		# Case V: unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend
		else { # case == 5
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(10.240, 10.240, 12.580, 12.580, 18.020, 18.020, # 0
											 5.950, 6.680, 7.210, 8.055, 10.365, 11.295, # 1
											 4.517, 5.480, 5.457, 6.570, 7.643, 9.063, # 2
											 3.800, 4.888, 4.568, 5.795, 6.380, 7.730, # 3
											 3.374, 4.512, 4.036, 5.304, 5.604, 7.172, # 4
											 3.087, 4.277, 3.673, 5.002, 5.095, 6.770, # 5
											 2.879, 4.114, 3.426, 4.790, 4.704, 6.537, # 6
											 2.729, 3.985, 3.251, 4.640, 4.459, 6.206), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case V. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-3.13, -3.13, -3.41, -3.41, -3.96, -3.97, # 0
												 -3.13, -3.40, -3.41, -3.69, -3.96, -4.26, # 1
												 -3.13, -3.63, -3.41, -3.95, -3.96, -4.53, # 2
												 -3.13, -3.84, -3.41, -4.16, -3.96, -4.73, # 3
												 -3.13, -4.04, -3.41, -4.36, -3.96, -4.96, # 4
												 -3.13, -4.21, -3.41, -4.52, -3.96, -5.13, # 5
												 -3.13, -4.37, -3.41, -4.69, -3.96, -5.31, # 6
												 -3.13, -4.53, -3.41, -4.85, -3.96, -5.49, # 7
												 -3.13, -4.68, -3.41, -5.01, -3.96, -5.65, # 8
												 -3.13, -4.82, -3.41, -5.15, -3.96, -5.79, # 9
												 -3.13, -4.96, -3.41, -5.29, -3.96, -5.94), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
	}
	else if (obs <= 40)	{
		# Case I: no intercept, no trend
		if (case == 1) {
			# Doesn't exist! Use asym. crit values
			fnote <- "Small-sample critical values are not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
			#		0.10        0.05	   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0) I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.00, 3.00, 4.20, 4.20, 7.17, 7.17, # 0
											 2.44, 3.28, 3.15, 4.11, 4.81, 6.02, # 1
											 2.17, 3.19, 2.72, 3.83, 3.88, 5.30, # 2
											 2.01, 3.10, 2.45, 3.63, 3.42, 4.84, # 3
											 1.90, 3.01, 2.26, 3.48, 3.07, 4.44, # 4
											 1.81, 2.93, 2.14, 3.34, 2.82, 4.21, # 5
											 1.75, 2.87, 2.04, 3.24, 2.66, 4.05, # 6
											 1.70, 2.83, 1.97, 3.18, 2.54, 3.91, # 7
											 1.66, 2.79, 1.91, 3.11, 2.45, 3.79, # 8
											 1.63, 2.75, 1.86, 3.05, 2.34, 3.68, # 9
											 1.60, 2.72, 1.82, 2.99, 2.26, 3.60), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-1.62, -1.62, -1.95, -1.95, -2.58, -2.58, # 0
												 -1.62, -2.28, -1.95, -2.60, -2.58, -3.22, # 1
												 -1.62, -2.68, -1.95, -3.02, -2.58, -3.66, # 2
												 -1.62, -3.00, -1.95, -3.33, -2.58, -3.97, # 3
												 -1.62, -3.26, -1.95, -3.60, -2.58, -4.23, # 4
												 -1.62, -3.49, -1.95, -3.83, -2.58, -4.44, # 5
												 -1.62, -3.70, -1.95, -4.04, -2.58, -4.67, # 6
												 -1.62, -3.90, -1.95, -4.23, -2.58, -4.88, # 7
												 -1.62, -4.09, -1.95, -4.43, -2.58, -5.07, # 8
												 -1.62, -4.26, -1.95, -4.61, -2.58, -5.25, # 9
												 -1.62, -4.42, -1.95, -4.76, -2.58, -5.44), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case II: restricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 2)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.955, 3.955, 4.960, 4.960, 7.220, 7.220, # 0
											 3.210, 3.730, 3.937, 4.523, 5.593, 6.333, # 1
											 2.835, 3.585, 3.435, 4.260, 4.770, 5.855, # 2
											 2.592, 3.454, 3.100, 4.088, 4.310, 5.544, # 3
											 2.427, 3.395, 2.893, 4.000, 3.967, 5.455, # 4
											 2.306, 3.353, 2.734, 3.920, 3.657, 5.256, # 5
											 2.218, 3.314, 2.618, 3.863, 3.505, 5.121, # 6
											 2.152, 3.296, 2.523, 3.829, 3.402, 5.031), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case II."
			}
		}
		# Case III: unrestricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 3)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(6.760, 6.760, 8.570, 8.570, 13.070, 13.070, # 0
											 4.235, 5.000, 5.260, 6.160, 7.625, 8.825, # 1
											 3.373, 4.377, 4.133, 5.260, 5.893, 7.337, # 2
											 2.933, 4.020, 3.548, 4.803, 5.018, 6.610, # 3
											 2.660, 3.838, 3.202, 4.544, 4.428, 6.250, # 4
											 2.483, 3.708, 2.962, 4.338, 4.045, 5.898, # 5
											 2.353, 3.599, 2.797, 4.211, 3.800, 5.643, # 6
											 2.260, 3.534, 2.676, 4.130, 3.644, 5.464), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case III. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-2.57, -2.57, -2.86, -2.86, -3.43, -3.43, # 0
												 -2.57, -2.91, -2.86, -3.22, -3.43, -3.82, # 1
												 -2.57, -3.21, -2.86, -3.53, -3.43, -4.10, # 2
												 -2.57, -3.46, -2.86, -3.78, -3.43, -4.37, # 3
												 -2.57, -3.66, -2.86, -3.99, -3.43, -4.60, # 4
												 -2.57, -3.86, -2.86, -4.19, -3.43, -4.79, # 5
												 -2.57, -4.04, -2.86, -4.38, -3.43, -4.99, # 6
												 -2.57, -4.23, -2.86, -4.57, -3.43, -5.19, # 7
												 -2.57, -4.40, -2.86, -4.72, -3.43, -5.37, # 8
												 -2.57, -4.56, -2.86, -4.88, -3.42, -5.54, # 9
												 -2.57, -4.69, -2.86, -5.03, -3.43, -5.68), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case IV: unrestricted intercept, restricted trend
		else if (case == 4)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(5.680, 5.680, 6.870, 6.870, 9.575, 9.575, # 0
											 4.343, 4.823, 5.180, 5.733, 7.207, 7.860, # 1
											 3.663, 4.378, 4.360, 5.138, 5.980, 6.973, # 2
											 3.264, 4.094, 3.850, 4.782, 5.258, 6.526, # 3
											 2.985, 3.918, 3.512, 4.587, 4.763, 6.200, # 4
											 2.781, 3.813, 3.257, 4.431, 4.427, 5.837, # 5
											 2.634, 3.719, 3.070, 4.309, 4.154, 5.699, # 6
											 2.517, 3.650, 2.933, 4.224, 3.971, 5.486), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case IV."
			}
		}
		# Case V: unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend
		else { # case == 5
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(10.160, 10.160, 12.510, 12.510, 17.910, 17.910, # 0
											 5.915, 6.630, 7.135, 7.980, 10.150, 11.230, # 1
											 4.477, 5.420, 5.387, 6.437, 7.527, 8.803, # 2
											 3.760, 4.795, 4.510, 5.643, 6.238, 7.740, # 3
											 3.334, 4.438, 3.958, 5.226, 5.376, 7.092, # 4
											 3.032, 4.213, 3.577, 4.923, 4.885, 6.550, # 5
											 2.831, 4.040, 3.327, 4.700, 4.527, 6.263, # 6
											 2.668, 3.920, 3.121, 4.564, 4.310, 5.965), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case V. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-3.13, -3.13, -3.41, -3.41, -3.96, -3.97, # 0
												 -3.13, -3.40, -3.41, -3.69, -3.96, -4.26, # 1
												 -3.13, -3.63, -3.41, -3.95, -3.96, -4.53, # 2
												 -3.13, -3.84, -3.41, -4.16, -3.96, -4.73, # 3
												 -3.13, -4.04, -3.41, -4.36, -3.96, -4.96, # 4
												 -3.13, -4.21, -3.41, -4.52, -3.96, -5.13, # 5
												 -3.13, -4.37, -3.41, -4.69, -3.96, -5.31, # 6
												 -3.13, -4.53, -3.41, -4.85, -3.96, -5.49, # 7
												 -3.13, -4.68, -3.41, -5.01, -3.96, -5.65, # 8
												 -3.13, -4.82, -3.41, -5.15, -3.96, -5.79, # 9
												 -3.13, -4.96, -3.41, -5.29, -3.96, -5.94), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
	}
	else if (obs <= 45) {
		# Case I: no intercept, no trend
		if (case == 1)	{
			# Doesn't exist! Use asym. crit values
			fnote <- "Small-sample critical values are not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
			#		0.10        0.05	   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0) I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.00, 3.00, 4.20, 4.20, 7.17, 7.17, # 0
											 2.44, 3.28, 3.15, 4.11, 4.81, 6.02, # 1
											 2.17, 3.19, 2.72, 3.83, 3.88, 5.30, # 2
											 2.01, 3.10, 2.45, 3.63, 3.42, 4.84, # 3
											 1.90, 3.01, 2.26, 3.48, 3.07, 4.44, # 4
											 1.81, 2.93, 2.14, 3.34, 2.82, 4.21, # 5
											 1.75, 2.87, 2.04, 3.24, 2.66, 4.05, # 6
											 1.70, 2.83, 1.97, 3.18, 2.54, 3.91, # 7
											 1.66, 2.79, 1.91, 3.11, 2.45, 3.79, # 8
											 1.63, 2.75, 1.86, 3.05, 2.34, 3.68, # 9
											 1.60, 2.72, 1.82, 2.99, 2.26, 3.60), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-1.62, -1.62, -1.95, -1.95, -2.58, -2.58, # 0
												 -1.62, -2.28, -1.95, -2.60, -2.58, -3.22, # 1
												 -1.62, -2.68, -1.95, -3.02, -2.58, -3.66, # 2
												 -1.62, -3.00, -1.95, -3.33, -2.58, -3.97, # 3
												 -1.62, -3.26, -1.95, -3.60, -2.58, -4.23, # 4
												 -1.62, -3.49, -1.95, -3.83, -2.58, -4.44, # 5
												 -1.62, -3.70, -1.95, -4.04, -2.58, -4.67, # 6
												 -1.62, -3.90, -1.95, -4.23, -2.58, -4.88, # 7
												 -1.62, -4.09, -1.95, -4.43, -2.58, -5.07, # 8
												 -1.62, -4.26, -1.95, -4.61, -2.58, -5.25, # 9
												 -1.62, -4.42, -1.95, -4.76, -2.58, -5.44), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case II: restricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 2)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.950, 3.950, 4.895, 4.895, 7.265, 7.265, # 0
											 3.190, 3.730, 3.877, 4.460, 5.607, 6.193, # 1
											 2.788, 3.540, 3.368, 4.203, 4.800, 5.725, # 2
											 2.560, 3.428, 3.078, 4.022, 4.270, 5.412, # 3
											 2.402, 3.345, 2.850, 3.905, 3.892, 5.173, # 4
											 2.276, 3.297, 2.694, 3.829, 3.674, 5.019, # 5
											 2.188, 3.254, 2.591, 3.766, 3.540, 4.931, # 6
											 2.131, 3.223, 2.504, 3.723, 3.383, 4.832), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case II."
			}
		}
		# Case III: unrestricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 3)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(6.760, 6.760, 8.590, 8.590, 12.930, 12.930, # 0
											 4.225, 5.020, 5.235, 6.135, 7.740, 8.650, # 1
											 3.330, 4.347, 4.083, 5.207, 5.920, 7.197, # 2
											 2.893, 3.983, 3.535, 4.733, 4.983, 6.423, # 3
											 2.638, 3.772, 3.178, 4.450, 4.394, 5.914, # 4
											 2.458, 3.647, 2.922, 4.268, 4.030, 5.598, # 5
											 2.327, 3.541, 2.764, 4.123, 3.790, 5.411, # 6
											 2.238, 3.461, 2.643, 4.004, 3.595, 5.225), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case III. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-2.57, -2.57, -2.86, -2.86, -3.43, -3.43, # 0
												 -2.57, -2.91, -2.86, -3.22, -3.43, -3.82, # 1
												 -2.57, -3.21, -2.86, -3.53, -3.43, -4.10, # 2
												 -2.57, -3.46, -2.86, -3.78, -3.43, -4.37, # 3
												 -2.57, -3.66, -2.86, -3.99, -3.43, -4.60, # 4
												 -2.57, -3.86, -2.86, -4.19, -3.43, -4.79, # 5
												 -2.57, -4.04, -2.86, -4.38, -3.43, -4.99, # 6
												 -2.57, -4.23, -2.86, -4.57, -3.43, -5.19, # 7
												 -2.57, -4.40, -2.86, -4.72, -3.43, -5.37, # 8
												 -2.57, -4.56, -2.86, -4.88, -3.42, -5.54, # 9
												 -2.57, -4.69, -2.86, -5.03, -3.43, -5.68), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case IV: unrestricted intercept, restricted trend
		else if (case == 4)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(5.625, 5.625, 6.750, 6.750, 9.555, 9.555, # 0
											 4.300, 4.780, 5.130, 5.680, 7.133, 7.820, # 1
											 3.625, 4.330, 4.335, 5.078, 5.878, 6.870, # 2
											 3.226, 4.054, 3.822, 4.714, 5.150, 6.280, # 3
											 2.950, 3.862, 3.470, 4.470, 4.628, 5.865, # 4
											 2.750, 3.739, 3.211, 4.309, 4.251, 5.596, # 5
											 2.606, 3.644, 3.025, 4.198, 3.998, 5.463, # 6
											 2.484, 3.570, 2.899, 4.087, 3.829, 5.313), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case IV."
			}
		}
		# Case V: unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend
		else { # case == 5
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(10.150, 10.150, 12.400, 12.400, 17.500, 17.500, # 0
											 5.880, 6.640, 7.080, 7.910, 9.890, 10.965, # 1
											 4.437, 5.377, 5.360, 6.373, 7.317, 8.720, # 2
											 3.740, 4.780, 4.450, 5.560, 6.053, 7.458, # 3
											 3.298, 4.378, 3.890, 5.104, 5.224, 6.696, # 4
											 3.012, 4.147, 3.532, 4.800, 4.715, 6.293, # 5
											 2.796, 3.970, 3.267, 4.584, 4.364, 6.006, # 6
											 2.635, 3.838, 3.091, 4.413, 4.109, 5.785), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case V. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-3.13, -3.13, -3.41, -3.41, -3.96, -3.97, # 0
												 -3.13, -3.40, -3.41, -3.69, -3.96, -4.26, # 1
												 -3.13, -3.63, -3.41, -3.95, -3.96, -4.53, # 2
												 -3.13, -3.84, -3.41, -4.16, -3.96, -4.73, # 3
												 -3.13, -4.04, -3.41, -4.36, -3.96, -4.96, # 4
												 -3.13, -4.21, -3.41, -4.52, -3.96, -5.13, # 5
												 -3.13, -4.37, -3.41, -4.69, -3.96, -5.31, # 6
												 -3.13, -4.53, -3.41, -4.85, -3.96, -5.49, # 7
												 -3.13, -4.68, -3.41, -5.01, -3.96, -5.65, # 8
												 -3.13, -4.82, -3.41, -5.15, -3.96, -5.79, # 9
												 -3.13, -4.96, -3.41, -5.29, -3.96, -5.94), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
	}
	else if (obs <= 50)	{
		# Case I: no intercept, no trend
		if (case == 1) {
			# Doesn't exist! Use asym. crit values
			fnote <- "Small-sample critical values are not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
			#		0.10        0.05	   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0) I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.00, 3.00, 4.20, 4.20, 7.17, 7.17, # 0
											 2.44, 3.28, 3.15, 4.11, 4.81, 6.02, # 1
											 2.17, 3.19, 2.72, 3.83, 3.88, 5.30, # 2
											 2.01, 3.10, 2.45, 3.63, 3.42, 4.84, # 3
											 1.90, 3.01, 2.26, 3.48, 3.07, 4.44, # 4
											 1.81, 2.93, 2.14, 3.34, 2.82, 4.21, # 5
											 1.75, 2.87, 2.04, 3.24, 2.66, 4.05, # 6
											 1.70, 2.83, 1.97, 3.18, 2.54, 3.91, # 7
											 1.66, 2.79, 1.91, 3.11, 2.45, 3.79, # 8
											 1.63, 2.75, 1.86, 3.05, 2.34, 3.68, # 9
											 1.60, 2.72, 1.82, 2.99, 2.26, 3.60), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-1.62, -1.62, -1.95, -1.95, -2.58, -2.58, # 0
												 -1.62, -2.28, -1.95, -2.60, -2.58, -3.22, # 1
												 -1.62, -2.68, -1.95, -3.02, -2.58, -3.66, # 2
												 -1.62, -3.00, -1.95, -3.33, -2.58, -3.97, # 3
												 -1.62, -3.26, -1.95, -3.60, -2.58, -4.23, # 4
												 -1.62, -3.49, -1.95, -3.83, -2.58, -4.44, # 5
												 -1.62, -3.70, -1.95, -4.04, -2.58, -4.67, # 6
												 -1.62, -3.90, -1.95, -4.23, -2.58, -4.88, # 7
												 -1.62, -4.09, -1.95, -4.43, -2.58, -5.07, # 8
												 -1.62, -4.26, -1.95, -4.61, -2.58, -5.25, # 9
												 -1.62, -4.42, -1.95, -4.76, -2.58, -5.44), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case II: restricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 2)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.935, 3.935, 4.815, 4.815, 7.065, 7.065, # 0
											 3.177, 3.653, 3.860, 4.440, 5.503, 6.240, # 1
											 2.788, 3.513, 3.368, 4.178, 4.695, 5.758, # 2
											 2.538, 3.398, 3.048, 4.002, 4.188, 5.328, # 3
											 2.372, 3.320, 2.823, 3.872, 3.845, 5.150, # 4
											 2.259, 3.264, 2.670, 3.781, 3.593, 4.981, # 5
											 2.170, 3.220, 2.550, 3.708, 3.424, 4.880, # 6
											 2.099, 3.181, 2.457, 3.650, 3.282, 4.730), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case II."
			}
		}
		# Case III: unrestricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 3)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(6.740, 6.740, 8.510, 8.510, 12.730, 12.730, # 0
											 4.190, 4.940, 5.220, 6.070, 7.560, 8.685, # 1
											 3.333, 4.313, 4.070, 5.190, 5.817, 7.303, # 2
											 2.873, 3.973, 3.500, 4.700, 4.865, 6.360, # 3
											 2.614, 3.746, 3.136, 4.416, 4.306, 5.874, # 4
											 2.435, 3.600, 2.900, 4.218, 3.955, 5.583, # 5
											 2.309, 3.507, 2.726, 4.057, 3.656, 5.331, # 6
											 2.205, 3.421, 2.593, 3.941, 3.498, 5.149), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case III. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-2.57, -2.57, -2.86, -2.86, -3.43, -3.43, # 0
												 -2.57, -2.91, -2.86, -3.22, -3.43, -3.82, # 1
												 -2.57, -3.21, -2.86, -3.53, -3.43, -4.10, # 2
												 -2.57, -3.46, -2.86, -3.78, -3.43, -4.37, # 3
												 -2.57, -3.66, -2.86, -3.99, -3.43, -4.60, # 4
												 -2.57, -3.86, -2.86, -4.19, -3.43, -4.79, # 5
												 -2.57, -4.04, -2.86, -4.38, -3.43, -4.99, # 6
												 -2.57, -4.23, -2.86, -4.57, -3.43, -5.19, # 7
												 -2.57, -4.40, -2.86, -4.72, -3.43, -5.37, # 8
												 -2.57, -4.56, -2.86, -4.88, -3.42, -5.54, # 9
												 -2.57, -4.69, -2.86, -5.03, -3.43, -5.68), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case IV: unrestricted intercept, restricted trend
		else if (case == 4)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(5.570, 5.570, 6.685, 6.685, 9.320, 9.320, # 0
											 4.230, 4.740, 5.043, 5.607, 7.017, 7.727, # 1
											 3.573, 4.288, 4.225, 5.030, 5.805, 6.790, # 2
											 3.174, 4.004, 3.730, 4.666, 5.050, 6.182, # 3
											 2.905, 3.822, 3.383, 4.432, 4.557, 5.793, # 4
											 2.703, 3.697, 3.149, 4.293, 4.214, 5.520, # 5
											 2.550, 3.609, 2.975, 4.143, 3.983, 5.345, # 6
											 2.440, 3.523, 2.832, 4.012, 3.762, 5.172), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case IV."
			}
		}
		# Case V: unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend
		else { # case == 5
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(10.020, 10.020, 12.170, 12.170, 17.530, 17.530, # 0
											 5.780, 6.540, 6.985, 7.860, 9.895, 10.965, # 1
											 4.380, 5.350, 5.247, 6.303, 7.337, 8.643, # 2
											 3.673, 4.715, 4.368, 5.545, 5.995, 7.335, # 3
											 3.240, 4.350, 3.834, 5.064, 5.184, 6.684, # 4
											 2.950, 4.110, 3.480, 4.782, 4.672, 6.232, # 5
											 2.750, 3.944, 3.229, 4.536, 4.310, 5.881, # 6
											 2.590, 3.789, 3.039, 4.339, 4.055, 5.640), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case V. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-3.13, -3.13, -3.41, -3.41, -3.96, -3.97, # 0
												 -3.13, -3.40, -3.41, -3.69, -3.96, -4.26, # 1
												 -3.13, -3.63, -3.41, -3.95, -3.96, -4.53, # 2
												 -3.13, -3.84, -3.41, -4.16, -3.96, -4.73, # 3
												 -3.13, -4.04, -3.41, -4.36, -3.96, -4.96, # 4
												 -3.13, -4.21, -3.41, -4.52, -3.96, -5.13, # 5
												 -3.13, -4.37, -3.41, -4.69, -3.96, -5.31, # 6
												 -3.13, -4.53, -3.41, -4.85, -3.96, -5.49, # 7
												 -3.13, -4.68, -3.41, -5.01, -3.96, -5.65, # 8
												 -3.13, -4.82, -3.41, -5.15, -3.96, -5.79, # 9
												 -3.13, -4.96, -3.41, -5.29, -3.96, -5.94), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
	}
	else if (obs <= 55)	{
		# Case I: no intercept, no trend
		if (case == 1)	{
			# Doesn't exist! Use asym. crit values
			fnote <- "Small-sample critical values are not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
			#		0.10        0.05	   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0) I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.00, 3.00, 4.20, 4.20, 7.17, 7.17, # 0
											 2.44, 3.28, 3.15, 4.11, 4.81, 6.02, # 1
											 2.17, 3.19, 2.72, 3.83, 3.88, 5.30, # 2
											 2.01, 3.10, 2.45, 3.63, 3.42, 4.84, # 3
											 1.90, 3.01, 2.26, 3.48, 3.07, 4.44, # 4
											 1.81, 2.93, 2.14, 3.34, 2.82, 4.21, # 5
											 1.75, 2.87, 2.04, 3.24, 2.66, 4.05, # 6
											 1.70, 2.83, 1.97, 3.18, 2.54, 3.91, # 7
											 1.66, 2.79, 1.91, 3.11, 2.45, 3.79, # 8
											 1.63, 2.75, 1.86, 3.05, 2.34, 3.68, # 9
											 1.60, 2.72, 1.82, 2.99, 2.26, 3.60), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-1.62, -1.62, -1.95, -1.95, -2.58, -2.58, # 0
												 -1.62, -2.28, -1.95, -2.60, -2.58, -3.22, # 1
												 -1.62, -2.68, -1.95, -3.02, -2.58, -3.66, # 2
												 -1.62, -3.00, -1.95, -3.33, -2.58, -3.97, # 3
												 -1.62, -3.26, -1.95, -3.60, -2.58, -4.23, # 4
												 -1.62, -3.49, -1.95, -3.83, -2.58, -4.44, # 5
												 -1.62, -3.70, -1.95, -4.04, -2.58, -4.67, # 6
												 -1.62, -3.90, -1.95, -4.23, -2.58, -4.88, # 7
												 -1.62, -4.09, -1.95, -4.43, -2.58, -5.07, # 8
												 -1.62, -4.26, -1.95, -4.61, -2.58, -5.25, # 9
												 -1.62, -4.42, -1.95, -4.76, -2.58, -5.44), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case II: restricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 2)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.900, 3.900, 4.795, 4.795, 6.965, 6.965, # 0
											 3.143, 3.670, 3.790, 4.393, 5.377, 6.047, # 1
											 2.748, 3.495, 3.303, 4.100, 4.610, 5.563, # 2
											 2.508, 3.356, 2.982, 3.942, 4.118, 5.200, # 3
											 2.345, 3.280, 2.763, 3.813, 3.738, 4.947, # 4
											 2.226, 3.241, 2.617, 3.743, 3.543, 4.839, # 5
											 2.139, 3.204, 2.490, 3.658, 3.330, 4.708, # 6
											 2.069, 3.148, 2.414, 3.608, 3.194, 4.562), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case II."
			}
		}
		# Case III: unrestricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 3)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(6.700, 6.700, 8.390, 8.390, 12.700, 12.700, # 0
											 4.155, 4.925, 5.125, 6.045, 7.435, 8.460, # 1
											 3.280, 4.273, 3.987, 5.090, 5.707, 6.977, # 2
											 2.843, 3.920, 3.408, 4.623, 4.828, 6.195, # 3
											 2.578, 3.710, 3.068, 4.334, 4.244, 5.726, # 4
											 2.393, 3.583, 2.848, 4.160, 3.928, 5.408, # 5
											 2.270, 3.486, 2.676, 3.999, 3.636, 5.169, # 6
											 2.181, 3.398, 2.556, 3.904, 3.424, 4.989), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case III. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-2.57, -2.57, -2.86, -2.86, -3.43, -3.43, # 0
												 -2.57, -2.91, -2.86, -3.22, -3.43, -3.82, # 1
												 -2.57, -3.21, -2.86, -3.53, -3.43, -4.10, # 2
												 -2.57, -3.46, -2.86, -3.78, -3.43, -4.37, # 3
												 -2.57, -3.66, -2.86, -3.99, -3.43, -4.60, # 4
												 -2.57, -3.86, -2.86, -4.19, -3.43, -4.79, # 5
												 -2.57, -4.04, -2.86, -4.38, -3.43, -4.99, # 6
												 -2.57, -4.23, -2.86, -4.57, -3.43, -5.19, # 7
												 -2.57, -4.40, -2.86, -4.72, -3.43, -5.37, # 8
												 -2.57, -4.56, -2.86, -4.88, -3.42, -5.54, # 9
												 -2.57, -4.69, -2.86, -5.03, -3.43, -5.68), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case IV: unrestricted intercept, restricted trend
		else if (case == 4)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(5.570, 5.570, 6.660, 6.660, 9.300, 9.300, # 0
											 4.230, 4.730, 5.013, 5.547, 6.893, 7.537, # 1
											 3.553, 4.238, 4.183, 4.955, 5.678, 6.578, # 2
											 3.132, 3.956, 3.692, 4.582, 4.990, 6.018, # 3
											 2.868, 3.782, 3.358, 4.365, 4.455, 5.615, # 4
											 2.674, 3.659, 3.131, 4.206, 4.111, 5.329, # 5
											 2.538, 3.560, 2.946, 4.065, 3.870, 5.171, # 6
											 2.420, 3.481, 2.791, 3.950, 3.643, 5.021), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case IV."
			}
		}
		# Case V: unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend
		else { # case == 5
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(10.110, 10.110, 12.170, 12.170, 17.480, 17.480, # 0
											 5.800, 6.515, 6.930, 7.785, 9.800, 10.675, # 1
											 4.370, 5.303, 5.190, 6.223, 7.227, 8.340, # 2
											 3.640, 4.670, 4.313, 5.425, 5.955, 7.225, # 3
											 3.210, 4.294, 3.794, 4.986, 5.108, 6.494, # 4
											 2.927, 4.068, 3.442, 4.690, 4.608, 5.977, # 5
											 2.724, 3.893, 3.197, 4.460, 4.230, 5.713, # 6
											 2.573, 3.760, 2.989, 4.271, 3.955, 5.474), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case V. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-3.13, -3.13, -3.41, -3.41, -3.96, -3.97, # 0
												 -3.13, -3.40, -3.41, -3.69, -3.96, -4.26, # 1
												 -3.13, -3.63, -3.41, -3.95, -3.96, -4.53, # 2
												 -3.13, -3.84, -3.41, -4.16, -3.96, -4.73, # 3
												 -3.13, -4.04, -3.41, -4.36, -3.96, -4.96, # 4
												 -3.13, -4.21, -3.41, -4.52, -3.96, -5.13, # 5
												 -3.13, -4.37, -3.41, -4.69, -3.96, -5.31, # 6
												 -3.13, -4.53, -3.41, -4.85, -3.96, -5.49, # 7
												 -3.13, -4.68, -3.41, -5.01, -3.96, -5.65, # 8
												 -3.13, -4.82, -3.41, -5.15, -3.96, -5.79, # 9
												 -3.13, -4.96, -3.41, -5.29, -3.96, -5.94), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
	}
	else if (obs <= 60)	{
		# Case I: no intercept, no trend
		if (case == 1) {
			# Doesn't exist! Use asym. crit values
			fnote <- "Small-sample critical values are not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
			#		0.10        0.05	   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0) I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.00, 3.00, 4.20, 4.20, 7.17, 7.17, # 0
											 2.44, 3.28, 3.15, 4.11, 4.81, 6.02, # 1
											 2.17, 3.19, 2.72, 3.83, 3.88, 5.30, # 2
											 2.01, 3.10, 2.45, 3.63, 3.42, 4.84, # 3
											 1.90, 3.01, 2.26, 3.48, 3.07, 4.44, # 4
											 1.81, 2.93, 2.14, 3.34, 2.82, 4.21, # 5
											 1.75, 2.87, 2.04, 3.24, 2.66, 4.05, # 6
											 1.70, 2.83, 1.97, 3.18, 2.54, 3.91, # 7
											 1.66, 2.79, 1.91, 3.11, 2.45, 3.79, # 8
											 1.63, 2.75, 1.86, 3.05, 2.34, 3.68, # 9
											 1.60, 2.72, 1.82, 2.99, 2.26, 3.60), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-1.62, -1.62, -1.95, -1.95, -2.58, -2.58, # 0
												 -1.62, -2.28, -1.95, -2.60, -2.58, -3.22, # 1
												 -1.62, -2.68, -1.95, -3.02, -2.58, -3.66, # 2
												 -1.62, -3.00, -1.95, -3.33, -2.58, -3.97, # 3
												 -1.62, -3.26, -1.95, -3.60, -2.58, -4.23, # 4
												 -1.62, -3.49, -1.95, -3.83, -2.58, -4.44, # 5
												 -1.62, -3.70, -1.95, -4.04, -2.58, -4.67, # 6
												 -1.62, -3.90, -1.95, -4.23, -2.58, -4.88, # 7
												 -1.62, -4.09, -1.95, -4.43, -2.58, -5.07, # 8
												 -1.62, -4.26, -1.95, -4.61, -2.58, -5.25, # 9
												 -1.62, -4.42, -1.95, -4.76, -2.58, -5.44), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case II: restricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 2)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.880, 3.880, 4.780, 4.780, 6.960, 6.960, # 0
											 3.127, 3.650, 3.803, 4.363, 5.383, 6.033, # 1
											 2.738, 3.465, 3.288, 4.070, 4.558, 5.590, # 2
											 2.496, 3.346, 2.962, 3.910, 4.068, 5.250, # 3
											 2.323, 3.273, 2.743, 3.792, 3.710, 4.965, # 4
											 2.204, 3.210, 2.589, 3.683, 3.451, 4.764, # 5
											 2.114, 3.153, 2.456, 3.598, 3.293, 4.615, # 6
											 2.044, 3.104, 2.373, 3.540, 3.129, 4.507), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case II."
			}
		}
		# Case III: unrestricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 3)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(6.700, 6.700, 8.460, 8.460, 12.490, 12.490, # 0
											 4.145, 4.950, 5.125, 6.000, 7.400, 8.510, # 1
											 3.270, 4.260, 4.000, 5.057, 5.697, 6.987, # 2
											 2.838, 3.923, 3.415, 4.615, 4.748, 6.188, # 3
											 2.568, 3.712, 3.062, 4.314, 4.176, 5.676, # 4
											 2.385, 3.565, 2.817, 4.097, 3.783, 5.338, # 5
											 2.253, 3.436, 2.643, 3.939, 3.531, 5.081, # 6
											 2.155, 3.353, 2.513, 3.823, 3.346, 4.895), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case III. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-2.57, -2.57, -2.86, -2.86, -3.43, -3.43, # 0
												 -2.57, -2.91, -2.86, -3.22, -3.43, -3.82, # 1
												 -2.57, -3.21, -2.86, -3.53, -3.43, -4.10, # 2
												 -2.57, -3.46, -2.86, -3.78, -3.43, -4.37, # 3
												 -2.57, -3.66, -2.86, -3.99, -3.43, -4.60, # 4
												 -2.57, -3.86, -2.86, -4.19, -3.43, -4.79, # 5
												 -2.57, -4.04, -2.86, -4.38, -3.43, -4.99, # 6
												 -2.57, -4.23, -2.86, -4.57, -3.43, -5.19, # 7
												 -2.57, -4.40, -2.86, -4.72, -3.43, -5.37, # 8
												 -2.57, -4.56, -2.86, -4.88, -3.42, -5.54, # 9
												 -2.57, -4.69, -2.86, -5.03, -3.43, -5.68), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case IV: unrestricted intercept, restricted trend
		else if (case == 4)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(5.555, 5.555, 6.630, 6.630, 9.245, 9.245, # 0
											 4.203, 4.693, 4.980, 5.527, 6.780, 7.377, # 1
											 3.540, 4.235, 4.180, 4.938, 5.620, 6.503, # 2
											 3.130, 3.968, 3.684, 4.584, 4.928, 5.950, # 3
											 2.852, 3.773, 3.323, 4.333, 4.412, 5.545, # 4
											 2.653, 3.637, 3.086, 4.154, 4.013, 5.269, # 5
											 2.510, 3.519, 2.900, 3.999, 3.775, 5.086, # 6
											 2.392, 3.444, 2.756, 3.892, 3.584, 4.922), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case IV."
			}
		}
		# Case V: unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend
		else { # case == 5
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(10.030, 10.030, 12.200, 12.200, 17.020, 17.020, # 0
											 5.765, 6.500, 6.905, 7.735, 9.585, 10.420, # 1
											 4.350, 5.283, 5.190, 6.200, 7.057, 8.243, # 2
											 3.645, 4.678, 4.298, 5.445, 5.835, 7.108, # 3
											 3.200, 4.310, 3.772, 4.956, 5.066, 6.394, # 4
											 2.912, 4.047, 3.407, 4.632, 4.505, 5.920, # 5
											 2.709, 3.856, 3.137, 4.393, 4.117, 5.597, # 6
											 2.551, 3.716, 2.956, 4.230, 3.870, 5.338), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case V. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-3.13, -3.13, -3.41, -3.41, -3.96, -3.97, # 0
												 -3.13, -3.40, -3.41, -3.69, -3.96, -4.26, # 1
												 -3.13, -3.63, -3.41, -3.95, -3.96, -4.53, # 2
												 -3.13, -3.84, -3.41, -4.16, -3.96, -4.73, # 3
												 -3.13, -4.04, -3.41, -4.36, -3.96, -4.96, # 4
												 -3.13, -4.21, -3.41, -4.52, -3.96, -5.13, # 5
												 -3.13, -4.37, -3.41, -4.69, -3.96, -5.31, # 6
												 -3.13, -4.53, -3.41, -4.85, -3.96, -5.49, # 7
												 -3.13, -4.68, -3.41, -5.01, -3.96, -5.65, # 8
												 -3.13, -4.82, -3.41, -5.15, -3.96, -5.79, # 9
												 -3.13, -4.96, -3.41, -5.29, -3.96, -5.94), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
	}
	else if (obs <= 65)	{
		# Case I: no intercept, no trend
		if (case == 1) {
			# Doesn't exist! Use asym. crit values
			fnote <- "Small-sample critical values are not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
			#		0.10        0.05	   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0) I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.00, 3.00, 4.20, 4.20, 7.17, 7.17, # 0
											 2.44, 3.28, 3.15, 4.11, 4.81, 6.02, # 1
											 2.17, 3.19, 2.72, 3.83, 3.88, 5.30, # 2
											 2.01, 3.10, 2.45, 3.63, 3.42, 4.84, # 3
											 1.90, 3.01, 2.26, 3.48, 3.07, 4.44, # 4
											 1.81, 2.93, 2.14, 3.34, 2.82, 4.21, # 5
											 1.75, 2.87, 2.04, 3.24, 2.66, 4.05, # 6
											 1.70, 2.83, 1.97, 3.18, 2.54, 3.91, # 7
											 1.66, 2.79, 1.91, 3.11, 2.45, 3.79, # 8
											 1.63, 2.75, 1.86, 3.05, 2.34, 3.68, # 9
											 1.60, 2.72, 1.82, 2.99, 2.26, 3.60), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-1.62, -1.62, -1.95, -1.95, -2.58, -2.58, # 0
												 -1.62, -2.28, -1.95, -2.60, -2.58, -3.22, # 1
												 -1.62, -2.68, -1.95, -3.02, -2.58, -3.66, # 2
												 -1.62, -3.00, -1.95, -3.33, -2.58, -3.97, # 3
												 -1.62, -3.26, -1.95, -3.60, -2.58, -4.23, # 4
												 -1.62, -3.49, -1.95, -3.83, -2.58, -4.44, # 5
												 -1.62, -3.70, -1.95, -4.04, -2.58, -4.67, # 6
												 -1.62, -3.90, -1.95, -4.23, -2.58, -4.88, # 7
												 -1.62, -4.09, -1.95, -4.43, -2.58, -5.07, # 8
												 -1.62, -4.26, -1.95, -4.61, -2.58, -5.25, # 9
												 -1.62, -4.42, -1.95, -4.76, -2.58, -5.44), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case II: restricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 2)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.880, 3.880, 4.780, 4.780, 6.825, 6.825, # 0
											 3.143, 3.623, 3.787, 4.343, 5.350, 6.017, # 1
											 2.740, 3.455, 3.285, 4.070, 4.538, 5.475, # 2
											 2.492, 3.350, 2.976, 3.896, 4.056, 5.158, # 3
											 2.335, 3.252, 2.750, 3.755, 3.725, 4.940, # 4
											 2.209, 3.201, 2.596, 3.677, 3.430, 4.721, # 5
											 2.120, 3.145, 2.473, 3.583, 3.225, 4.571, # 6
											 2.043, 3.094, 2.373, 3.519, 3.092, 4.478), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case II."
			}
		}
		# Case III: unrestricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 3)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(6.740, 6.740, 8.490, 8.490, 12.400, 12.400, # 0
											 4.175, 4.930, 5.130, 5.980, 7.320, 8.435, # 1
											 3.300, 4.250, 4.010, 5.080, 5.583, 6.853, # 2
											 2.843, 3.923, 3.435, 4.583, 4.690, 6.143, # 3
											 2.574, 3.682, 3.068, 4.274, 4.188, 5.694, # 4
											 2.397, 3.543, 2.835, 4.090, 3.783, 5.300, # 5
											 2.256, 3.430, 2.647, 3.921, 3.501, 5.051, # 6
											 2.156, 3.334, 2.525, 3.808, 3.310, 4.871), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case III. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-2.57, -2.57, -2.86, -2.86, -3.43, -3.43, # 0
												 -2.57, -2.91, -2.86, -3.22, -3.43, -3.82, # 1
												 -2.57, -3.21, -2.86, -3.53, -3.43, -4.10, # 2
												 -2.57, -3.46, -2.86, -3.78, -3.43, -4.37, # 3
												 -2.57, -3.66, -2.86, -3.99, -3.43, -4.60, # 4
												 -2.57, -3.86, -2.86, -4.19, -3.43, -4.79, # 5
												 -2.57, -4.04, -2.86, -4.38, -3.43, -4.99, # 6
												 -2.57, -4.23, -2.86, -4.57, -3.43, -5.19, # 7
												 -2.57, -4.40, -2.86, -4.72, -3.43, -5.37, # 8
												 -2.57, -4.56, -2.86, -4.88, -3.42, -5.54, # 9
												 -2.57, -4.69, -2.86, -5.03, -3.43, -5.68), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case IV: unrestricted intercept, restricted trend
		else if (case == 4)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(5.510, 5.510, 6.550, 6.550, 8.960, 8.960, # 0
											 4.187, 4.660, 4.950, 5.467, 6.707, 7.360, # 1
											 3.535, 4.208, 4.123, 4.903, 5.545, 6.453, # 2
											 3.122, 3.942, 3.626, 4.538, 4.848, 5.842, # 3
											 2.848, 3.743, 3.300, 4.280, 4.347, 5.552, # 4
											 2.647, 3.603, 3.063, 4.123, 4.020, 5.263, # 5
											 2.499, 3.490, 2.880, 3.978, 3.758, 5.040, # 6
											 2.379, 3.406, 2.730, 3.879, 3.557, 4.902), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case IV."
			}
		}
		# Case V: unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend
		else { # case == 5
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(9.970, 9.970, 11.960, 11.960, 16.850, 16.850, # 0
											 5.755, 6.470, 6.890, 7.660, 9.475, 10.515, # 1
											 4.353, 5.257, 5.137, 6.173, 7.013, 8.230, # 2
											 3.638, 4.643, 4.268, 5.415, 5.795, 7.053, # 3
											 3.196, 4.262, 3.732, 4.920, 4.974, 6.378, # 4
											 2.897, 4.022, 3.372, 4.613, 4.482, 5.923, # 5
											 2.690, 3.830, 3.137, 4.363, 4.111, 5.586, # 6
											 2.531, 3.685, 2.924, 4.206, 3.835, 5.339), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case V. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-3.13, -3.13, -3.41, -3.41, -3.96, -3.97, # 0
												 -3.13, -3.40, -3.41, -3.69, -3.96, -4.26, # 1
												 -3.13, -3.63, -3.41, -3.95, -3.96, -4.53, # 2
												 -3.13, -3.84, -3.41, -4.16, -3.96, -4.73, # 3
												 -3.13, -4.04, -3.41, -4.36, -3.96, -4.96, # 4
												 -3.13, -4.21, -3.41, -4.52, -3.96, -5.13, # 5
												 -3.13, -4.37, -3.41, -4.69, -3.96, -5.31, # 6
												 -3.13, -4.53, -3.41, -4.85, -3.96, -5.49, # 7
												 -3.13, -4.68, -3.41, -5.01, -3.96, -5.65, # 8
												 -3.13, -4.82, -3.41, -5.15, -3.96, -5.79, # 9
												 -3.13, -4.96, -3.41, -5.29, -3.96, -5.94), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
	}
	else if (obs <= 70) {
		# Case I: no intercept, no trend
		if (case == 1) {
			# Doesn't exist! Use asym. crit values
			fnote <- "Small-sample critical values are not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
			#		0.10        0.05	   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0) I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.00, 3.00, 4.20, 4.20, 7.17, 7.17, # 0
											 2.44, 3.28, 3.15, 4.11, 4.81, 6.02, # 1
											 2.17, 3.19, 2.72, 3.83, 3.88, 5.30, # 2
											 2.01, 3.10, 2.45, 3.63, 3.42, 4.84, # 3
											 1.90, 3.01, 2.26, 3.48, 3.07, 4.44, # 4
											 1.81, 2.93, 2.14, 3.34, 2.82, 4.21, # 5
											 1.75, 2.87, 2.04, 3.24, 2.66, 4.05, # 6
											 1.70, 2.83, 1.97, 3.18, 2.54, 3.91, # 7
											 1.66, 2.79, 1.91, 3.11, 2.45, 3.79, # 8
											 1.63, 2.75, 1.86, 3.05, 2.34, 3.68, # 9
											 1.60, 2.72, 1.82, 2.99, 2.26, 3.60), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-1.62, -1.62, -1.95, -1.95, -2.58, -2.58,# 0
												 -1.62, -2.28, -1.95, -2.60, -2.58, -3.22, # 1
												 -1.62, -2.68, -1.95, -3.02, -2.58, -3.66, # 2
												 -1.62, -3.00, -1.95, -3.33, -2.58, -3.97, # 3
												 -1.62, -3.26, -1.95, -3.60, -2.58, -4.23, # 4
												 -1.62, -3.49, -1.95, -3.83, -2.58, -4.44, # 5
												 -1.62, -3.70, -1.95, -4.04, -2.58, -4.67, # 6
												 -1.62, -3.90, -1.95, -4.23, -2.58, -4.88, # 7
												 -1.62, -4.09, -1.95, -4.43, -2.58, -5.07, # 8
												 -1.62, -4.26, -1.95, -4.61, -2.58, -5.25, # 9
												 -1.62, -4.42, -1.95, -4.76, -2.58, -5.44), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case II: restricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 2)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.875, 3.875, 4.750, 4.750, 6.740, 6.740, # 0
											 3.120, 3.623, 3.780, 4.327, 5.157, 5.957, # 1
											 2.730, 3.445, 3.243, 4.043, 4.398, 5.463, # 2
											 2.482, 3.310, 2.924, 3.860, 3.916, 5.088, # 3
											 2.320, 3.232, 2.725, 3.718, 3.608, 4.860, # 4
											 2.193, 3.161, 2.564, 3.650, 3.373, 4.717, # 5
											 2.100, 3.121, 2.451, 3.559, 3.180, 4.596, # 6
											 2.024, 3.079, 2.351, 3.498, 3.034, 4.426), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case II."
			}
		}
		# Case III: unrestricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 3)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(6.670, 6.670, 8.370, 8.370, 12.240, 12.240, # 0
											 4.125, 4.880, 5.055, 5.915, 7.170, 8.405, # 1
											 3.250, 4.237, 3.947, 5.020, 5.487, 6.880, # 2
											 2.818, 3.880, 3.370, 4.545, 4.635, 6.055, # 3
											 2.552, 3.648, 3.022, 4.256, 4.098, 5.570, # 4
											 2.363, 3.510, 2.788, 4.073, 3.747, 5.285, # 5
											 2.233, 3.407, 2.629, 3.906, 3.436, 5.044, # 6
											 2.138, 3.325, 2.494, 3.786, 3.261, 4.821), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case III. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-2.57, -2.57, -2.86, -2.86, -3.43, -3.43, # 0
												 -2.57, -2.91, -2.86, -3.22, -3.43, -3.82, # 1
												 -2.57, -3.21, -2.86, -3.53, -3.43, -4.10, # 2
												 -2.57, -3.46, -2.86, -3.78, -3.43, -4.37, # 3
												 -2.57, -3.66, -2.86, -3.99, -3.43, -4.60, # 4
												 -2.57, -3.86, -2.86, -4.19, -3.43, -4.79, # 5
												 -2.57, -4.04, -2.86, -4.38, -3.43, -4.99, # 6
												 -2.57, -4.23, -2.86, -4.57, -3.43, -5.19, # 7
												 -2.57, -4.40, -2.86, -4.72, -3.43, -5.37, # 8
												 -2.57, -4.56, -2.86, -4.88, -3.42, -5.54, # 9
												 -2.57, -4.69, 2.86, -5.03, -3.43, -5.68), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case IV: unrestricted intercept, restricted trend
		else if (case == 4)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(5.530, 5.530, 6.530, 6.530, 8.890, 8.890, # 0
											 4.173, 4.647, 4.930, 5.457, 6.577, 7.313, # 1
											 3.505, 4.198, 4.100, 4.900, 5.448, 6.435, # 2
											 3.098, 3.920, 3.600, 4.512, 4.760, 5.798, # 3
											 2.832, 3.738, 3.272, 4.272, 4.293, 5.460, # 4
											 2.631, 3.589, 3.043, 4.100, 3.966, 5.234, # 5
											 2.485, 3.473, 2.860, 3.951, 3.720, 5.004, # 6
											 2.363, 3.394, 2.711, 3.842, 3.509, 4.808), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case IV."
			}
		}
		# Case V: unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend
		else { # case == 5
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(10.020, 10.020, 12.000, 12.000, 16.660, 16.660, # 0
											 5.765, 6.455, 6.860, 7.645, 9.370, 10.320, # 1
											 4.330, 5.243, 5.110, 6.190, 6.873, 8.163, # 2
											 3.615, 4.635, 4.235, 5.363, 5.663, 6.953, # 3
											 3.182, 4.258, 3.720, 4.904, 4.922, 6.328, # 4
											 2.893, 4.008, 3.368, 4.590, 4.428, 5.898, # 5
											 2.683, 3.807, 3.107, 4.343, 4.070, 5.534, # 6
											 2.519, 3.669, 2.913, 4.168, 3.774, 5.248), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case V. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-3.13, -3.13, -3.41, -3.41, -3.96, -3.97, # 0
												 -3.13, -3.40, -3.41, -3.69, -3.96, -4.26, # 1
												 -3.13, -3.63, -3.41, -3.95, -3.96, -4.53, # 2
												 -3.13, -3.84, -3.41, -4.16, -3.96, -4.73, # 3
												 -3.13, -4.04, -3.41, -4.36, -3.96, -4.96, # 4
												 -3.13, -4.21, -3.41, -4.52, -3.96, -5.13, # 5
												 -3.13, -4.37, -3.41, -4.69, -3.96, -5.31, # 6
												 -3.13, -4.53, -3.41, -4.85, -3.96, -5.49, # 7
												 -3.13, -4.68, -3.41, -5.01, -3.96, -5.65, # 8
												 -3.13, -4.82, -3.41, -5.15, -3.96, -5.79, # 9
												 -3.13, -4.96, -3.41, -5.29, -3.96, -5.94), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
	}
	else if (obs <= 75) {
		# Case I: no intercept, no trend
		if (case == 1) {
			# Doesn't exist! Use asym. crit values
			fnote <- "Small-sample critical values are not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
			#		0.10        0.05	   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0) I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.00, 3.00, 4.20, 4.20, 7.17, 7.17, # 0
											 2.44, 3.28, 3.15, 4.11, 4.81, 6.02, # 1
											 2.17, 3.19, 2.72, 3.83, 3.88, 5.30, # 2
											 2.01, 3.10, 2.45, 3.63, 3.42, 4.84, # 3
											 1.90, 3.01, 2.26, 3.48, 3.07, 4.44, # 4
											 1.81, 2.93, 2.14, 3.34, 2.82, 4.21, # 5
											 1.75, 2.87, 2.04, 3.24, 2.66, 4.05, # 6
											 1.70, 2.83, 1.97, 3.18, 2.54, 3.91, # 7
											 1.66, 2.79, 1.91, 3.11, 2.45, 3.79, # 8
											 1.63, 2.75, 1.86, 3.05, 2.34, 3.68, # 9
											 1.60, 2.72, 1.82, 2.99, 2.26, 3.60), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-1.62, -1.62, -1.95, -1.95, -2.58, -2.58, # 0
												 -1.62, -2.28, -1.95, -2.60, -2.58, -3.22, # 1
												 -1.62, -2.68, -1.95, -3.02, -2.58, -3.66, # 2
												 -1.62, -3.00, -1.95, -3.33, -2.58, -3.97, # 3
												 -1.62, -3.26, -1.95, -3.60, -2.58, -4.23, # 4
												 -1.62, -3.49, -1.95, -3.83, -2.58, -4.44, # 5
												 -1.62, -3.70, -1.95, -4.04, -2.58, -4.67, # 6
												 -1.62, -3.90, -1.95, -4.23, -2.58, -4.88, # 7
												 -1.62, -4.09, -1.95, -4.43, -2.58, -5.07, # 8
												 -1.62, -4.26, -1.95, -4.61, -2.58, -5.25, # 9
												 -1.62, -4.42, -1.95, -4.76, -2.58, -5.44), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case II: restricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 2)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.895, 3.895, 4.760, 4.760, 6.915, 6.915, # 0
											 3.133, 3.597, 3.777, 4.320, 5.260, 5.957, # 1
											 2.725, 3.455, 3.253, 4.065, 4.458, 5.410, # 2
											 2.482, 3.334, 2.946, 3.862, 4.048, 5.092, # 3
											 2.313, 3.228, 2.725, 3.718, 3.687, 4.842, # 4
											 2.196, 3.166, 2.574, 3.641, 3.427, 4.620, # 5
											 2.103, 3.111, 2.449, 3.550, 3.219, 4.526, # 6
											 2.023, 3.068, 2.360, 3.478, 3.057, 4.413), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case II."
			}
		}
		# Case III: unrestricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 3)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(6.720, 6.720, 8.420, 8.420, 12.540, 12.540, # 0
											 4.150, 4.885, 5.140, 5.920, 7.225, 8.300, # 1
											 3.277, 4.243, 3.983, 5.060, 5.513, 6.860, # 2
											 2.838, 3.898, 3.408, 4.550, 4.725, 6.080, # 3
											 2.558, 3.654, 3.042, 4.244, 4.168, 5.548, # 4
											 2.380, 3.515, 2.802, 4.065, 3.772, 5.213, # 5
											 2.244, 3.397, 2.637, 3.900, 3.496, 4.966, # 6
											 2.134, 3.313, 2.503, 3.768, 3.266, 4.801), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case III. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-2.57, -2.57, -2.86, -2.86, -3.43, -3.43, # 0
												 -2.57, -2.91, -2.86, -3.22, -3.43, -3.82, # 1
												 -2.57, -3.21, -2.86, -3.53, -3.43, -4.10, # 2
												 -2.57, -3.46, -2.86, -3.78, -3.43, -4.37, # 3
												 -2.57, -3.66, -2.86, -3.99, -3.43, -4.60, # 4
												 -2.57, -3.86, -2.86, -4.19, -3.43, -4.79, # 5
												 -2.57, -4.04, -2.86, -4.38, -3.43, -4.99, # 6
												 -2.57, -4.23, -2.86, -4.57, -3.43, -5.19, # 7
												 -2.57, -4.40, -2.86, -4.72, -3.43, -5.37, # 8
												 -2.57, -4.56, -2.86, -4.88, -3.42, -5.54, # 9
												 -2.57, -4.69, -2.86, -5.03, -3.43, -5.68), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case IV: unrestricted intercept, restricted trend
		else if (case == 4)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(5.530, 5.530, 6.580, 6.580, 8.905, 8.905, # 0
											 4.193, 4.647, 4.937, 5.443, 6.613, 7.253, # 1
											 3.505, 4.213, 4.120, 4.855, 5.505, 6.298, # 2
											 3.110, 3.900, 3.624, 4.488, 4.808, 5.786, # 3
											 2.832, 3.717, 3.298, 4.260, 4.300, 5.377, # 4
											 2.636, 3.579, 3.054, 4.079, 3.984, 5.153, # 5
											 2.486, 3.469, 2.874, 3.914, 3.728, 4.954, # 6
											 2.372, 3.370, 2.718, 3.807, 3.511, 4.789), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case IV."
			}
		}
		# Case V: unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend
		else { # case == 5
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(10.030, 10.030, 12.080, 12.080, 16.610, 16.610, # 0
											 5.765, 6.470, 6.880, 7.675, 9.325, 10.325, # 1
											 4.323, 5.273, 5.140, 6.153, 6.930, 8.027, # 2
											 3.618, 4.630, 4.253, 5.333, 5.698, 6.970, # 3
											 3.182, 4.248, 3.724, 4.880, 4.932, 6.224, # 4
											 2.890, 3.993, 3.382, 4.567, 4.393, 5.788, # 5
											 2.681, 3.800, 3.111, 4.310, 4.060, 5.459, # 6
											 2.530, 3.648, 2.915, 4.143, 3.768, 5.229), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case V. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-3.13, -3.13, -3.41, -3.41, -3.96, -3.97, # 0
												 -3.13, -3.40, -3.41, -3.69, -3.96, -4.26, # 1
												 -3.13, -3.63, -3.41, -3.95, -3.96, -4.53, # 2
												 -3.13, -3.84, -3.41, -4.16, -3.96, -4.73, # 3
												 -3.13, -4.04, -3.41, -4.36, -3.96, -4.96, # 4
												 -3.13, -4.21, -3.41, -4.52, -3.96, -5.13, # 5
												 -3.13, -4.37, -3.41, -4.69, -3.96, -5.31, # 6
												 -3.13, -4.53, -3.41, -4.85, -3.96, -5.49, # 7
												 -3.13, -4.68, -3.41, -5.01, -3.96, -5.65, # 8
												 -3.13, -4.82, -3.41, -5.15, -3.96, -5.79, # 9
												 -3.13, -4.96, -3.41, -5.29, -3.96, -5.94), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
	}
	else if (obs <= 80) {
		# Case I: no intercept, no trend
		if (case == 1) {
			# Doesn't exist! Use asym. crit values
			fnote <- "Small-sample critical values are not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
			#		0.10        0.05	   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0) I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.00, 3.00, 4.20, 4.20, 7.17, 7.17, # 0
											 2.44, 3.28, 3.15, 4.11, 4.81, 6.02, # 1
											 2.17, 3.19, 2.72, 3.83, 3.88, 5.30, # 2
											 2.01, 3.10, 2.45, 3.63, 3.42, 4.84, # 3
											 1.90, 3.01, 2.26, 3.48, 3.07, 4.44, # 4
											 1.81, 2.93, 2.14, 3.34, 2.82, 4.21, # 5
											 1.75, 2.87, 2.04, 3.24, 2.66, 4.05, # 6
											 1.70, 2.83, 1.97, 3.18, 2.54, 3.91, # 7
											 1.66, 2.79, 1.91, 3.11, 2.45, 3.79, # 8
											 1.63, 2.75, 1.86, 3.05, 2.34, 3.68, # 9
											 1.60, 2.72, 1.82, 2.99, 2.26, 3.60), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case I. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-1.62, -1.62, -1.95, -1.95, -2.58, -2.58, # 0
												 -1.62, -2.28, -1.95, -2.60, -2.58, -3.22, # 1
												 -1.62, -2.68, -1.95, -3.02, -2.58, -3.66, # 2
												 -1.62, -3.00, -1.95, -3.33, -2.58, -3.97, # 3
												 -1.62, -3.26, -1.95, -3.60, -2.58, -4.23, # 4
												 -1.62, -3.49, -1.95, -3.83, -2.58, -4.44, # 5
												 -1.62, -3.70, -1.95, -4.04, -2.58, -4.67, # 6
												 -1.62, -3.90, -1.95, -4.23, -2.58, -4.88, # 7
												 -1.62, -4.09, -1.95, -4.43, -2.58, -5.07, # 8
												 -1.62, -4.26, -1.95, -4.61, -2.58, -5.25, # 9
												 -1.62, -4.42, -1.95, -4.76, -2.58, -5.44), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case II: restricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 2)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.870, 3.870, 4.725, 4.725, 6.695, 6.695, # 0
											 3.113, 3.610, 3.740, 4.303, 5.157, 5.917, # 1
											 2.713, 3.453, 3.235, 4.053, 4.358, 5.393, # 2
											 2.474, 3.312, 2.920, 3.838, 3.908, 5.004, # 3
											 2.303, 3.220, 2.688, 3.698, 3.602, 4.787, # 4
											 2.303, 3.154, 2.550, 3.606, 3.351, 4.587, # 5
											 2.088, 3.103, 2.431, 3.518, 3.173, 4.485, # 6
											 2.017, 3.052, 2.336, 3.458, 3.021, 4.350), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case II."
			}
		}
		# Case III: unrestricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 3)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(6.720, 6.720, 8.400, 8.400, 12.120, 12.120, # 0
											 4.135, 4.895, 5.060, 5.930, 7.095, 8.260, # 1
											 3.260, 4.247, 3.940, 5.043, 5.407, 6.783, # 2
											 2.823, 3.885, 3.363, 4.515, 4.568, 5.960, # 3
											 2.548, 3.644, 3.010, 4.216, 4.096, 5.512, # 4
											 2.355, 3.500, 2.787, 4.015, 3.725, 5.163, # 5
											 2.236, 3.381, 2.627, 3.864, 3.457, 4.943, # 6
											 2.129, 3.289, 2.476, 3.746, 3.233, 4.760), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case III. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-2.57, -2.57, -2.86, -2.86, -3.43, -3.43, # 0
												 -2.57, -2.91, -2.86, -3.22, -3.43, -3.82, # 1
												 -2.57, -3.21, -2.86, -3.53, -3.43, -4.10, # 2
												 -2.57, -3.46, -2.86, -3.78, -3.43, -4.37, # 3
												 -2.57, -3.66, -2.86, -3.99, -3.43, -4.60, # 4
												 -2.57, -3.86, -2.86, -4.19, -3.43, -4.79, # 5
												 -2.57, -4.04, -2.86, -4.38, -3.43, -4.99, # 6
												 -2.57, -4.23, -2.86, -4.57, -3.43, -5.19, # 7
												 -2.57, -4.40, -2.86, -4.72, -3.43, -5.37, # 8
												 -2.57, -4.56, -2.86, -4.88, -3.42, -5.54, # 9
												 -2.57, -4.69, -2.86, -5.03, -3.43, -5.68), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case IV: unrestricted intercept, restricted trend
		else if (case == 4)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.870, 3.870, 4.725, 4.725, 6.695, 6.695, # 0
											 3.113, 3.610, 3.740, 4.303, 5.157, 5.917, # 1
											 2.713, 3.453, 3.235, 4.053, 4.358, 5.393, # 2
											 2.474, 3.312, 2.920, 3.838, 3.908, 5.004, # 3
											 2.303, 3.220, 2.688, 3.698, 3.602, 4.787, # 4
											 2.180, 3.154, 2.550, 3.606, 3.351, 4.587, # 5
											 2.088, 3.103, 2.431, 3.518, 3.173, 4.485, # 6
											 2.017, 3.052, 2.336, 3.458, 3.021, 4.350), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case IV."
			}
		}
		# Case V: unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend
		else { # case == 5
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(9.960, 9.960, 12.060, 12.060, 16.600, 16.600, # 0
											 5.725, 6.450, 6.820, 7.670, 9.170, 10.240, # 1
											 4.307, 5.223, 5.067, 6.103, 6.730, 8.053, # 2
											 3.588, 4.605, 4.203, 5.320, 5.620, 6.908, # 3
											 3.160, 4.230, 3.678, 4.840, 4.890, 6.164, # 4
											 2.867, 3.975, 3.335, 4.535, 4.375, 5.703, # 5
											 2.657, 3.776, 3.077, 4.284, 4.000, 5.397, # 6
											 2.504, 3.631, 2.885, 4.111, 3.728, 5.160), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 7
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Small-sample critical values not provided for Case V. Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-3.13, -3.13, -3.41, -3.41, -3.96, -3.97, # 0
												 -3.13, -3.40, -3.41, -3.69, -3.96, -4.26, # 1
												 -3.13, -3.63, -3.41, -3.95, -3.96, -4.53, # 2
												 -3.13, -3.84, -3.41, -4.16, -3.96, -4.73, # 3
												 -3.13, -4.04, -3.41, -4.36, -3.96, -4.96, # 4
												 -3.13, -4.21, -3.41, -4.52, -3.96, -5.13, # 5
												 -3.13, -4.37, -3.41, -4.69, -3.96, -5.31, # 6
												 -3.13, -4.53, -3.41, -4.85, -3.96, -5.49, # 7
												 -3.13, -4.68, -3.41, -5.01, -3.96, -5.65, # 8
												 -3.13, -4.82, -3.41, -5.15, -3.96, -5.79, # 9
												 -3.13, -4.96, -3.41, -5.29, -3.96, -5.94), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
	}
	else { # asymtotic
		# Case I: no intercept, no trend
		if (case == 1) {
			# Doesn't exist! Use asym. crit values
			fnote <- "Asymptotic critical values used."
			#		0.10        0.05	   0.010
			# 	 I(0)   I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0) I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.00, 3.00, 4.20, 4.20, 7.17, 7.17, # 0
											 2.44, 3.28, 3.15, 4.11, 4.81, 6.02, # 1
											 2.17, 3.19, 2.72, 3.83, 3.88, 5.30, # 2
											 2.01, 3.10, 2.45, 3.63, 3.42, 4.84, # 3
											 1.90, 3.01, 2.26, 3.48, 3.07, 4.44, # 4
											 1.81, 2.93, 2.14, 3.34, 2.82, 4.21, # 5
											 1.75, 2.87, 2.04, 3.24, 2.66, 4.05, # 6
											 1.70, 2.83, 1.97, 3.18, 2.54, 3.91, # 7
											 1.66, 2.79, 1.91, 3.11, 2.45, 3.79, # 8
											 1.63, 2.75, 1.86, 3.05, 2.34, 3.68, # 9
											 1.60, 2.72, 1.82, 2.99, 2.26, 3.60), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-1.62, -1.62, -1.95, -1.95, -2.58, -2.58, # 0
												 -1.62, -2.28, -1.95, -2.60, -2.58, -3.22, # 1
												 -1.62, -2.68, -1.95, -3.02, -2.58, -3.66, # 2
												 -1.62, -3.00, -1.95, -3.33, -2.58, -3.97, # 3
												 -1.62, -3.26, -1.95, -3.60, -2.58, -4.23, # 4
												 -1.62, -3.49, -1.95, -3.83, -2.58, -4.44, # 5
												 -1.62, -3.70, -1.95, -4.04, -2.58, -4.67, # 6
												 -1.62, -3.90, -1.95, -4.23, -2.58, -4.88, # 7
												 -1.62, -4.09, -1.95, -4.43, -2.58, -5.07, # 8
												 -1.62, -4.26, -1.95, -4.61, -2.58, -5.25, # 9
												 -1.62, -4.42, -1.95, -4.76, -2.58, -5.44), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case II: restricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 2)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)  I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0)  I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(3.80, 3.80, 4.60, 4.60, 6.44, 6.44, # 0
											 3.02, 3.51, 3.62, 4.16, 4.94, 5.58, # 1
											 2.63, 3.35, 3.10, 3.87, 4.13, 5.00, # 2
											 2.37, 3.20, 2.79, 3.67, 3.65, 4.66, # 3
											 2.20, 3.09, 2.56, 3.49, 3.29, 4.37, # 4
											 2.08, 3.00, 2.39, 3.38, 3.06, 4.15, # 5
											 1.99, 2.94, 2.27, 3.28, 2.88, 3.99, # 6
											 1.92, 2.89, 2.17, 3.21, 2.73, 3.90, # 7
											 1.85, 2.85, 2.11, 3.15, 2.62, 3.77, # 8
											 1.80, 2.80, 2.04, 3.08, 2.50, 3.68, # 9
											 1.76, 2.77, 1.98, 3.04, 2.41, 3.61), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			fnote <- "Asymptotic critical values used."
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case II."
			}
		}
		# Case III: unrestricted intercept, no trend
		else if (case == 3)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)  I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0)  I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(6.58, 6.58, 8.21, 8.21, 11.79, 11.79, # 0
											 4.04, 4.78, 4.94, 5.73, 6.84, 7.84, # 1
											 3.17, 4.14, 3.79, 4.85, 5.15, 6.36, # 2
											 2.72, 3.77, 3.23, 4.35, 4.29, 5.61, # 3
											 2.45, 3.52, 2.86, 4.01, 3.74, 5.06, # 4
											 2.26, 3.35, 2.62, 3.79, 3.41, 4.68, # 5
											 2.12, 3.23, 2.45, 3.61, 3.15, 4.43, # 6
											 2.03, 3.13, 2.32, 3.50, 2.96, 4.26, # 7
											 1.95, 3.06, 2.22, 3.39, 2.79, 4.10, # 8
											 1.88, 2.99, 2.14, 3.30, 2.65, 3.97, # 9
											 1.83, 2.94, 2.06, 3.24, 2.54, 3.86), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			fnote <- "Asymptotic critical values used."
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-2.57, -2.57, -2.86, -2.86, -3.43, -3.43, # 0
												 -2.57, -2.91, -2.86, -3.22, -3.43, -3.82, # 1
												 -2.57, -3.21, -2.86, -3.53, -3.43, -4.10, # 2
												 -2.57, -3.46, -2.86, -3.78, -3.43, -4.37, # 3
												 -2.57, -3.66, -2.86, -3.99, -3.43, -4.60, # 4
												 -2.57, -3.86, -2.86, -4.19, -3.43, -4.79, # 5
												 -2.57, -4.04, -2.86, -4.38, -3.43, -4.99, # 6
												 -2.57, -4.23, -2.86, -4.57, -3.43, -5.19, # 7
												 -2.57, -4.40, -2.86, -4.72, -3.43, -5.37, # 8
												 -2.57, -4.56, -2.86, -4.88, -3.42, -5.54, # 9
												 -2.57, -4.69, -2.86, -5.03, -3.43, -5.68), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
		# Case IV: unrestricted intercept, restricted trend
		else if (case == 4)	{
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)  I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0)  I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(5.37, 5.37, 6.29, 6.29, 8.26, 8.26, # 0
											 4.05, 4.49, 4.68, 5.15, 6.10, 6.73, # 1
											 3.38, 4.02, 3.88, 4.61, 4.99, 5.85, # 2
											 2.97, 3.74, 3.38, 4.23, 4.30, 5.23, # 3
											 2.68, 3.53, 3.05, 3.97, 3.81, 4.92, # 4
											 2.49, 3.38, 2.81, 3.76, 3.50, 4.63, # 5
											 2.33, 3.25, 2.63, 3.62, 3.27, 4.39, # 6
											 2.22, 3.17, 2.50, 3.50, 3.07, 4.23, # 7
											 2.13, 3.09, 2.38, 3.41, 2.93, 4.06, # 8
											 2.05, 3.02, 2.30, 3.33, 2.79, 3.93, # 9
											 1.98, 2.97, 2.21, 3.25, 2.68, 3.84), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			fnote <- "Asymptotic critical values used."
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Critical values do not currently exist for Case IV."
			}
		}
		# Case V: unrestricted intercept, unrestricted trend
		else { # case == 5
			#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
			# 	 I(0)  I(1)  I(0)  I(1)  I(0)  I(1)
			fmat <- matrix(c(9.81, 9.81, 11.64, 11.64, 15.73, 15.73, # 0
											 5.59, 6.26, 6.56, 7.30, 8.74, 9.63, # 1
											 4.19, 5.06, 4.87, 5.85, 6.34, 7.52, # 2
											 3.47, 4.45, 4.01, 5.07, 5.17, 6.36, # 3
											 3.03, 4.06, 3.47, 4.57, 4.40, 5.72, # 4
											 2.75, 3.79, 3.12, 4.25, 3.93, 5.23, # 5
											 2.53, 3.59, 2.87, 4.00, 3.60, 4.90, # 6
											 2.38, 3.45, 2.69, 3.83, 3.34, 4.63, # 7
											 2.26, 3.34, 2.55, 3.68, 3.15, 4.43, # 8
											 2.16, 3.24, 2.43, 3.56, 2.97, 4.24, # 9
											 2.07, 3.16, 2.33, 3.46, 2.84, 4.10), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			fnote <- "Asymptotic critical values used."
			if (!is.null(tstat)) {
				tnote <- "Asymptotic critical values used."
				#		0.10         0.05		   0.010
				# 	 I(0)   I(1)    I(0)   I(1)  I(0)    I(1)
				tmat <- matrix(c(-3.13, -3.13, -3.41, -3.41, -3.96, -3.97, # 0
												 -3.13, -3.40, -3.41, -3.69, -3.96, -4.26, # 1
												 -3.13, -3.63, -3.41, -3.95, -3.96, -4.53, # 2
												 -3.13, -3.84, -3.41, -4.16, -3.96, -4.73, # 3
												 -3.13, -4.04, -3.41, -4.36, -3.96, -4.96, # 4
												 -3.13, -4.21, -3.41, -4.52, -3.96, -5.13, # 5
												 -3.13, -4.37, -3.41, -4.69, -3.96, -5.31, # 6
												 -3.13, -4.53, -3.41, -4.85, -3.96, -5.49, # 7
												 -3.13, -4.68, -3.41, -5.01, -3.96, -5.65, # 8
												 -3.13, -4.82, -3.41, -5.15, -3.96, -5.79, # 9
												 -3.13, -4.96, -3.41, -5.29, -3.96, -5.94), ncol = 6, byrow = TRUE) # 10
			}
		}
	}
	# We have an fmat and a tmat from above, as well as potentially a fnote and tnote
	# Grabbing crit values from fmat/tmat above
	# Narayan only provides values for k <= 7. If 7 < k, we're using k = 7 but noting it.
	# For asymptotic: if k > 10, we're using k = 10 and noting it.
	f_10_1 <- f_10_1 <- f_05_1 <- f_05_1 <- f_01_1 <- f_01_1 <- NULL
	if (obs <= 80) { # max rows k = 7
		if (k < 7) {
			k2 <- k + 1 # b/c of 0'th row
			f_10_0 <- fmat[k2,1]
			f_10_1 <- fmat[k2,2]
			f_05_0 <- fmat[k2,3]
			f_05_1 <- fmat[k2,4]
			f_01_0 <- fmat[k2,5]
			f_01_1 <- fmat[k2,6]
		}
		else {
			f_10_0 <- fmat[8,1]
			f_10_1 <- fmat[8,2]
			f_05_0 <- fmat[8,3]
			f_05_1 <- fmat[8,4]
			f_01_0 <- fmat[8,5]
			f_01_1 <- fmat[8,6]
			if (k > 7) {
				fnote <- paste(fnote, "Small-sample critical values only available up to k = 7.", sep = " ")
			}
		}
	}
	else { # asym max rows k=10
		if (k < 10) {
			k2 <- k + 1
			f_10_0 <- fmat[k2,1]
			f_10_1 <- fmat[k2,2]
			f_05_0 <- fmat[k2,3]
			f_05_1 <- fmat[k2,4]
			f_01_0 <- fmat[k2,5]
			f_01_1 <- fmat[k2,6]
		}
		else {
			f_10_0 <- fmat[11,1]
			f_10_1 <- fmat[11,2]
			f_05_0 <- fmat[11,3]
			f_05_1 <- fmat[11,4]
			f_01_0 <- fmat[11,5]
			f_01_1 <- fmat[11,6]
			if (k > 10)	{
				fnote <- paste(fnote, "Asymptotic critical values only available up to k = 10.")
			}
		}
	}
	# Initialize some output
	toutput <- ""
	if (!is.null(tstat)) {
		if (case == 2 | case == 4) {
		}
		else {
			if (k < 10)	{
				k2 <- k + 1
				t_10_0 <- tmat[k2,1]
				t_10_1 <- tmat[k2,2]
				t_05_0 <- tmat[k2,3]
				t_05_1 <- tmat[k2,4]
				t_01_0 <- tmat[k2,5]
				t_01_1 <- tmat[k2,6]
			}
			else {
				t_10_0 <- tmat[11,1]
				t_10_1 <- tmat[11,2]
				t_05_0 <- tmat[11,3]
				t_05_1 <- tmat[11,4]
				t_01_0 <- tmat[11,5]
				t_01_1 <- tmat[11,6]
				tnote <- paste(tnote, "Asymptotic critical values only available up to k = 10.")
			}
			toutput <- paste("------------------------------------------------------",
											 "-                       t-test                       -",
											 "------------------------------------------------------",
											 "                <------- I(0) ------------ I(1) ----->",
											 paste("10% critical value", paste( t_10_0, t_10_1, sep = "            "), sep = "       "),
											 paste("5% critical value", paste( t_05_0, t_05_1, sep = "            "), sep = "        "),
											 paste("1% critical value", paste( t_01_0, t_01_1, sep = "            "), sep = "        "),
											 "\n",
											 paste("t statistic = ", tstat, sep = ""), sep = "\n ")
		}
	}
	# Output
	cat("\n",
			"PESARAN, SHIN AND SMITH (2001) COINTEGRATION TEST", "\n\n",
			paste("Observations: ", obs, sep = ""), "\n",
			paste("Number of Regressors (k): ", k, sep = ""), "\n",
			paste("Case: ", case, sep = ""), "\n\n",
			"------------------------------------------------------", "\n",
			"-                       F-test                       -", "\n",
			"------------------------------------------------------", "\n",
			"                <------- I(0) ------------ I(1) ----->", "\n",
			paste("10% critical value", paste(f_10_0, f_10_1, sep = "            "), sep = "       "), "\n",
			paste("5% critical value", paste(f_05_0, f_05_1, sep = "            "), sep = "        "), "\n",
			paste("1% critical value", paste(f_01_0, f_01_1, sep = "            "), sep = "        "), "\n",
			"\n\n",
			paste("F-statistic = ", fstat, sep = ""), "\n",
			toutput,
			"\n",
			"------------------------------------------------------", "\n",
			if(!is.null(fnote)) {paste("F-statistic note: ", fnote, sep = "")}, "\n",
			if(!is.null(tnote)) {paste("t-statistic note: ", tnote, sep = "")}, "\n")
	#if(toutput != "") {
		#structure(list(k = k, obs = obs, fstat = fstat, tstat = tstat, case = case,
									# ftest.I0.p10 = f_10_0, ftest.I1.p10 = f_10_1,
									# ftest.I0.p05 = f_05_0, ftest.I1.p05 = f_05_1,
									# ftest.I0.p01 = f_01_0, ftest.I1.p01 = f_01_1,
									# ttest.I1.p10 = t_10_1, ttest.I0.p10 = t_10_0,
									# ttest.I1.p05 = t_05_1, ttest.I0.p05 = t_05_0,
									# ttest.I1.p01 = t_01_1, ttest.I0.p01 = t_01_0))
	#}
	#else {
		#structure(list(k = k, obs = obs, fstat = fstat, tstat = tstat, case = case,
							#		 ftest.I0.p10 = f_10_0, ftest.I1.p10 = f_10_1,
							#		 ftest.I0.p05 = f_05_0, ftest.I1.p05 = f_05_1,
							#		 ftest.I0.p01 = f_01_0, ftest.I1.p01 = f_01_1))
#	}
}

Try the nardl package in your browser

Any scripts or data that you put into this service are public.

nardl documentation built on Jan. 7, 2021, 1:06 a.m.