r2: Compute the model's R2

In performance: Assessment of Regression Models Performance

Compute the model's R2

Description

Calculate the R2, also known as the coefficient of determination, value for different model objects. Depending on the model, R2, pseudo-R2, or marginal / adjusted R2 values are returned.

Usage

r2(model, ...)

## Default S3 method:
r2(model, ci = NULL, verbose = TRUE, ...)

## S3 method for class 'mlm'
r2(model, multivariate = TRUE, ...)

## S3 method for class 'merMod'
r2(model, ci = NULL, tolerance = 1e-05, ...)

Arguments

model	A statistical model.
...	Arguments passed down to the related r2-methods.
ci	Confidence interval level, as scalar. If NULL (default), no confidence intervals for R2 are calculated.
verbose	Logical. Should details about R2 and CI methods be given (TRUE) or not (FALSE)?
multivariate	Logical. Should multiple R2 values be reported as separated by response (FALSE) or should a single R2 be reported as combined across responses computed by r2_mlm (TRUE).
tolerance	Tolerance for singularity check of random effects, to decide whether to compute random effect variances for the conditional r-squared or not. Indicates up to which value the convergence result is accepted. When r2_nakagawa() returns a warning, stating that random effect variances can't be computed (and thus, the conditional r-squared is NA), decrease the tolerance-level. See also check_singularity().

Value

Returns a list containing values related to the most appropriate R2 for the given model (or NULL if no R2 could be extracted). See the list below:

• Logistic models: Tjur's R2

• Generalized linear models: Nagelkerke's R2

• Multinomial Logit: McFadden's R2

• Beta or ordered Beta: Ferrari's R2

• Models with zero-inflation: R2 for zero-inflated models

• Mixed models: Nakagawa's R2

• Bayesian models: R2 bayes

• Additional model families from package glmmTMB that are not mentioned above (like nbinom1, compois, betabinomial etc.) default to McFadden's R2.

• R2 for models from package gamlss is extracted directly from the summary(), if available. Else, McFadden's R2 is returned.

Note

If there is no r2()-method defined for the given model class, r2() tries to return a "generic" r-quared value, calculated as following: 1-sum((y-y_hat)^2)/sum((y-y_bar)^2)

See Also

r2_bayes(), r2_coxsnell(), r2_kullback(), r2_loo(), r2_mcfadden(), r2_nagelkerke(), r2_nakagawa(), r2_tjur(), r2_xu(), r2_zeroinflated(), and r2_mlm().

Examples

# Pseudo r-quared for GLM
model <- glm(vs ~ wt + mpg, data = mtcars, family = "binomial")
r2(model)

# r-squared including confidence intervals
model <- lm(mpg ~ wt + hp, data = mtcars)
r2(model, ci = 0.95)

model <- lme4::lmer(Sepal.Length ~ Petal.Length + (1 | Species), data = iris)
r2(model)

performance documentation built on Sept. 10, 2026, 5:06 p.m.