arrows3D: Plots arrows, segments, points, lines, polygons, rectangles...
In plot3D: Plotting Multi-Dimensional Data
Description
Usage
Arguments
Value
See Also
Examples
Description
Functions arrows3D and segments3D draw arrows and line segments
between pairs of points.
Functions box3D and border3D draw boxes between pairs of points.
polygon3D draws polygons; rect3D draws rectangles.
The 2D functions arrows2D, segments2D, rect2D and polygon2D are included
for their side effect of having a color key.
Usage
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arrows3D (x0, y0, z0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, z1 = z0, ...,
colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
colkey = NULL, panel.first = NULL,
clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b", type = "triangle",
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
segments3D (x0, y0, z0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, z1 = z0, ...,
colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
colkey = NULL, panel.first = NULL,
clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
box3D (x0, y0, z0, x1, y1, z1, ...,
colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
border = NA, facets = TRUE, colkey = NULL,
panel.first = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
border3D(x0, y0, z0, x1, y1, z1, ...,
colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
colkey = NULL, panel.first = NULL,
clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
rect3D (x0, y0, z0, x1 = NULL, y1 = NULL, z1 = NULL, ...,
colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
border = NA, facets = TRUE, colkey = NULL,
panel.first = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
polygon3D (x, y, z, ...,
colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
border = NA, facets = TRUE, colkey = NULL,
panel.first = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
arrows2D (x0, y0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, ..., colvar = NULL,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
colkey = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL,
type = "triangle", add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
segments2D (x0, y0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, ..., colvar = NULL,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
colkey = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL,
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
rect2D (x0, y0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, ..., colvar = NULL,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
colkey = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL,
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
polygon2D (x, y, ..., colvar = NULL,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
border = NA, facets = TRUE,
colkey = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL,
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
Arguments
x0, y0, z0
coordinates of points from which to draw.
x1, y1, z1
coordinates of points to which to draw.
For arrows3D and segments3D, at least one must be supplied.
For rect3D exactly one must be NULL.
x, y, z
coordinates of the vertices of the polygon.
The polygon will be closed by joining the last point to the first point.
The coordinates can contain missing values (NA).
These NA values break the polygon into several complete polygons.
colvar
The variable used for coloring. It need
not be present, but if specified, it should be a vector of
dimension equal to the coordinates or to the number of polygons.
Values of NULL, NA, or FALSE
will toggle off coloration according to colvar.
theta, phi
the angles defining the viewing direction.
theta gives the azimuthal direction and phi the colatitude.
See persp.
col
Color palette to be used for coloring the arrows or segments
as specified by the colvar variable.
If col is NULL and colvar is specified,
then a red-yellow-blue colorscheme (jet.col) will be used.
If col is NULL and colvar is not specified, then
col will be "black".
NAcol
Colors to be used for colvar values that are NA.
breaks
a set of finite numeric breakpoints for the colors;
must have one more breakpoint than color and be in increasing order.
Unsorted vectors will be sorted, with a warning.
colkey
A logical, NULL (default), or a list with parameters
for the color key (legend). List parameters should be one of
side, plot, length, width, dist, shift, addlines, col.clab, cex.clab,
side.clab, line.clab, adj.clab, font.clab
and the axis parameters at, labels, tick, line, pos, outer, font, lty, lwd,
lwd.ticks, col.box, col.axis, col.ticks, hadj, padj, cex.axis, mgp, tck, tcl, las.
The defaults for the parameters are side = 4, plot = TRUE, length = 1, width = 1,
dist = 0, shift = 0, addlines = FALSE, col.clab = NULL, cex.clab = par("cex.lab"),
side.clab = NULL, line.clab = NULL, adj.clab = NULL, font.clab = NULL)
See colkey.
The default is to draw the color key on side = 4, i.e. in the right margin.
If colkey = NULL then a color key will be added only if col is a vector.
Setting colkey = list(plot = FALSE) will create room for the color key
without drawing it.
if colkey = FALSE, no color key legend will be added.
border
The color of the lines drawn around the surface facets.
The default, NA, will disable the drawing of borders.
facets
If TRUE, then col denotes the color of the surface facets.
If FALSE, then the surface facets are colored “white” and the border
(if NA) will be colored as specified by col.
If NA then the facets will be transparent.
It is usually faster to draw with facets = FALSE.
panel.first
A function to be evaluated after the plot axes are
set up but before any plotting takes place.
This can be useful e.g. for drawing background grids or scatterplot smooths.
The function should have as argument the transformation matrix, e.g. it should
be defined as function(pmat). See example of persp3D and last example of voxel3D.
clab
Only if colkey is not NULL or FALSE,
the label to be written on top of the color key.
The label will be written at the same level as the main title.
To lower it, clab can be made a vector, with the first values empty
strings.
clim
Only if colvar is specified, the range of the color variable, used
for the color key. Values of colvar that extend the range will be put to NA.
bty
The type of the perspective box, the default draws only the back panels.
Only effective if the persp
argument (box) equals TRUE (this is the default). See perspbox.
type
The type of the arrow head, one of "simple"
(which uses R-function arrows), "curved" or "triangle" and "cone".
The latter two are the same in plot3D (but differ in package plot3Drgl).
add
Logical. If TRUE, then the arrows, segments, ... will be added to the current plot.
If FALSE a new plot is started.
plot
Logical. If TRUE (default), a plot is created,
otherwise the viewing transformation matrix is returned (as invisible).
...
additional arguments passed to the plotting methods.
The following persp arguments can be specified:
xlim, ylim, zlim, xlab, ylab, zlab, main, sub, r, d,
scale, expand, box, axes, nticks, ticktype.
The arguments xlim, ylim, zlim only affect the axes for 3D plots.
All objects will be plotted, including those that fall out of these ranges.
To select objects only within the axis limits, use plotdev.
shade and lighting arguments will have no effect.
alpha can be given a value inbetween 0 and 1 to make colors transparent.
In addition, the perspbox arguments
col.axis, col.panel, lwd.panel, col.grid, lwd.grid can
also be given a value.
For arrows3D, the following arrows arguments can be specified:
length, code, angle.
For polygon3D, the following polygon arguments can be specified:
border.
For all the functions, arguments lty, lwd can be specified.
The arguments after ... must be matched exactly.
Value
Returns the viewing transformation matrix.
See trans3D.
See Also
arrows for the 2-D arrows function on which arrows3D is based.
segments for the 2-D arrows function on which segments3D is based.
Examples
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# save plotting parameters
pm <- par("mfrow")
## ========================================================================
## arrows, points, segments, box
## ========================================================================
# Create a grid of x, y, and z values
xx <- yy <- seq(-0.8, 0.8, by = 0.2)
zz <- seq(-0.8, 0.8, by = 0.8)
M <- mesh(xx, yy, zz)
x0 <- M$x; y0 <- M$y; z0 <- M$z
x1 <- x0 + 0.1
Col <- c("red", "blue", "green")
arrows3D(x0, y0, z0, x1 = x1, colvar = z0, lwd = 2,
d = 2, clab = "z-value", col = Col, length = 0.1,
xlim = c(-0.8, 0.8), ylim = c(-0.8, 0.8),
main = "arrows3D, points3D, segments3D, border3D")
# add starting point of arrows
points3D(x0, y0, z0, add = TRUE, colvar = z0,
colkey = FALSE, pch = ".", cex = 3, col = Col)
# use segments to add section
x0 <- c(-0.8, 0.8, 0.8, -0.8)
x1 <- c( 0.8, 0.8, -0.8, -0.8)
y0 <- c(-0.8, -0.8, 0.8, -0.8)
y1 <- c(-0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8)
z0 <- c(0., 0., 0., 0.)
segments3D(x0, y0, z0, x1, y1, z1 = z0,
add = TRUE, col = "black", lwd = 2)
# add a box
border3D(-0.8, -0.8, -0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8,
col = "orange", add = TRUE, lwd = 3)
## ========================================================================
## boxes, cubes
## ========================================================================
# borders are boxes without facets
border3D(x0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
y0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
z0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
x1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
y1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
z1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
col = gg.col(8), lty = 2,
lwd = c(1, 4), phi = 20, main = "border3D")
box3D(x0 = -0.8, y0 = -0.8, z0 = -0.8,
x1 = 0.8, y1 = 0.8, z1 = 0.8,
border = "black", lwd = 2,
col = gg.col(1, alpha = 0.8),
main = "box3D")
box3D(x0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
y0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
z0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
x1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
y1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
z1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
col = rainbow(n = 8, alpha = 0.1),
border = "black", lwd = 2, phi = 20)
# here the perspective does not always work
# use alpha.col to set the transparency of a vector of colors
box3D(x0 = runif(3), y0 = runif(3), z0 = runif(3),
x1 = runif(3), y1 = runif(3), z1 = runif(3),
col = c("red", "lightblue", "orange"), alpha = 0.5,
border = "black", lwd = 2)
## ========================================================================
## rectangles
## ========================================================================
# at constant 'z'
rect3D(x0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
y0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
z0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
x1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
y1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
col = gg.col(8), border = "black",
bty = "g", lwd = 2, phi = 20, main = "rect3D")
# constant y and with transparent facets
rect3D(x0 = 0, y0 = 0, z0 = 0, x1 = 1, z1 = 5,
ylim = c(0, 1), facets = NA, border = "red",
bty = "g", lwd = 2, phi = 20)
# add rect at constant z, with colored facet
rect3D(x0 = 0, y0 = 0, z0 = 0, x1 = 1, y1 = 1,
border = "red", add = TRUE)
## ========================================================================
## arrows added to a persp plot
## ========================================================================
x <- y <- seq(-10, 10, length = 30)
z <- outer(x, y, FUN = function(x,y) x^2 + y^2)
persp3D(x, y, z, theta = 30, phi = 30,
col = "lightblue", ltheta = 120, shade = 0.75,
ticktype = "detailed", xlab = "X",
ylab = "Y", zlab = "x^2+y^2" )
# Points where to put the arrows
x <- y <- seq(-10, 10, len = 6)
X0 <- outer(x, y, FUN = function (x,y) x)
Y0 <- outer(x, y, FUN = function (x,y) y)
Z0 <- outer(x, y, FUN = function (x,y) x^2 + y^2)
X1 <- X0 + 1
Y1 <- Y0 + 1
Z1 <- Z0 + 10
arrows3D(X0, Y0, Z0, X1, Y1, Z1, lwd = 2,
add = TRUE, type = "curved", col = "red")
segments3D(X0, Y0, Z0, X0, Y0, rep(0, length(X0)), lwd = 2,
add = TRUE, col = "green")
## ========================================================================
## polygon3D
## ========================================================================
x <- runif(10)
y <- runif(10)
z <- runif(10)
polygon3D(x, y, z)
# several polygons, separated by NAs
x <- runif(39)
y <- runif(39)
z <- runif(39)
ii <- seq(4, 36, by = 4)
x[ii] <- y[ii] <- z[ii] <- NA
# transparent colors (alpha)
polygon3D(x, y, z, border = "black", lwd = 3,
col = gg.col(length(ii) + 1, alpha = 0.8),
main = "polygon3D")
## ========================================================================
## 2D examples, with color key
## ========================================================================
arrows2D(x0 = runif(10), y0 = runif(10),
x1 = runif(10), y1 = runif(10), colvar = 1:10,
code = 3, main = "arrows2D, segments2D")
segments2D(x0 = runif(10), y0 = runif(10),
x1 = runif(10), y1 = runif(10), colvar = 1:10,
lwd = 2, add = TRUE, colkey = FALSE)
# transparency
rect2D(x0 = runif(10), y0 = runif(10),
x1 = runif(10), y1 = runif(10), colvar = 1:10,
alpha = 0.4, lwd = 2, main = "rect2D")
## ========================================================================
## polygon2D
## ========================================================================
x <- runif(10)
y <- runif(10)
polygon2D(x, y) # same as polygon
# several polygons, separated by NAs
x <- runif(59)
y <- runif(59)
ii <- seq(5, 55, by = 5)
x[ii] <- y[ii] <- NA
# transparent colors (alpha)
polygon2D(x, y, border = "black", lwd = 3,
colvar = 1:(length(ii) + 1),
col = gg.col(), alpha = 0.2,
main = "polygon2D")
# restore plotting parameters
par(mfrow = pm)
plot3D documentation built on May 22, 2021, 5:06 p.m.
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Description Usage Arguments Value See Also Examples
Description
Functions arrows3D and segments3D draw arrows and line segments
between pairs of points.
Functions box3D and border3D draw boxes between pairs of points.
polygon3D draws polygons; rect3D draws rectangles.
The 2D functions arrows2D, segments2D, rect2D and polygon2D are included
for their side effect of having a color key.
Usage
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 | arrows3D (x0, y0, z0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, z1 = z0, ...,
colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
colkey = NULL, panel.first = NULL,
clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b", type = "triangle",
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
segments3D (x0, y0, z0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, z1 = z0, ...,
colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
colkey = NULL, panel.first = NULL,
clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
box3D (x0, y0, z0, x1, y1, z1, ...,
colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
border = NA, facets = TRUE, colkey = NULL,
panel.first = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
border3D(x0, y0, z0, x1, y1, z1, ...,
colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
colkey = NULL, panel.first = NULL,
clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
rect3D (x0, y0, z0, x1 = NULL, y1 = NULL, z1 = NULL, ...,
colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
border = NA, facets = TRUE, colkey = NULL,
panel.first = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
polygon3D (x, y, z, ...,
colvar = NULL, phi = 40, theta = 40,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
border = NA, facets = TRUE, colkey = NULL,
panel.first = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL, bty = "b",
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
arrows2D (x0, y0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, ..., colvar = NULL,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
colkey = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL,
type = "triangle", add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
segments2D (x0, y0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, ..., colvar = NULL,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
colkey = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL,
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
rect2D (x0, y0, x1 = x0, y1 = y0, ..., colvar = NULL,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
colkey = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL,
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
polygon2D (x, y, ..., colvar = NULL,
col = NULL, NAcol = "white", breaks = NULL,
border = NA, facets = TRUE,
colkey = NULL, clim = NULL, clab = NULL,
add = FALSE, plot = TRUE)
|
Arguments
x0, y0, z0 |
coordinates of points from which to draw. |
x1, y1, z1 |
coordinates of points to which to draw.
For |
x, y, z |
coordinates of the vertices of the polygon.
The polygon will be closed by joining the last point to the first point.
The coordinates can contain missing values ( |
colvar |
The variable used for coloring. It need
not be present, but if specified, it should be a vector of
dimension equal to the coordinates or to the number of polygons.
Values of |
theta, phi |
the angles defining the viewing direction.
|
col |
Color palette to be used for coloring the arrows or segments
as specified by the |
NAcol |
Colors to be used for |
breaks |
a set of finite numeric breakpoints for the colors; must have one more breakpoint than color and be in increasing order. Unsorted vectors will be sorted, with a warning. |
colkey |
A logical, The default is to draw the color key on side = 4, i.e. in the right margin.
If |
border |
The color of the lines drawn around the surface facets.
The default, |
facets |
If |
panel.first |
A |
clab |
Only if |
clim |
Only if |
bty |
The type of the perspective box, the default draws only the back panels.
Only effective if the persp
argument ( |
type |
The type of the arrow head, one of |
add |
Logical. If |
plot |
Logical. If |
... |
additional arguments passed to the plotting methods. The following persp arguments can be specified:
In addition, the perspbox arguments
For For For all the functions, arguments The arguments after ... must be matched exactly. |
Value
Returns the viewing transformation matrix.
See trans3D.
See Also
arrows for the 2-D arrows function on which arrows3D is based.
segments for the 2-D arrows function on which segments3D is based.
Examples
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 | # save plotting parameters
pm <- par("mfrow")
## ========================================================================
## arrows, points, segments, box
## ========================================================================
# Create a grid of x, y, and z values
xx <- yy <- seq(-0.8, 0.8, by = 0.2)
zz <- seq(-0.8, 0.8, by = 0.8)
M <- mesh(xx, yy, zz)
x0 <- M$x; y0 <- M$y; z0 <- M$z
x1 <- x0 + 0.1
Col <- c("red", "blue", "green")
arrows3D(x0, y0, z0, x1 = x1, colvar = z0, lwd = 2,
d = 2, clab = "z-value", col = Col, length = 0.1,
xlim = c(-0.8, 0.8), ylim = c(-0.8, 0.8),
main = "arrows3D, points3D, segments3D, border3D")
# add starting point of arrows
points3D(x0, y0, z0, add = TRUE, colvar = z0,
colkey = FALSE, pch = ".", cex = 3, col = Col)
# use segments to add section
x0 <- c(-0.8, 0.8, 0.8, -0.8)
x1 <- c( 0.8, 0.8, -0.8, -0.8)
y0 <- c(-0.8, -0.8, 0.8, -0.8)
y1 <- c(-0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8)
z0 <- c(0., 0., 0., 0.)
segments3D(x0, y0, z0, x1, y1, z1 = z0,
add = TRUE, col = "black", lwd = 2)
# add a box
border3D(-0.8, -0.8, -0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8,
col = "orange", add = TRUE, lwd = 3)
## ========================================================================
## boxes, cubes
## ========================================================================
# borders are boxes without facets
border3D(x0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
y0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
z0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
x1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
y1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
z1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
col = gg.col(8), lty = 2,
lwd = c(1, 4), phi = 20, main = "border3D")
box3D(x0 = -0.8, y0 = -0.8, z0 = -0.8,
x1 = 0.8, y1 = 0.8, z1 = 0.8,
border = "black", lwd = 2,
col = gg.col(1, alpha = 0.8),
main = "box3D")
box3D(x0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
y0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
z0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
x1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
y1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
z1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
col = rainbow(n = 8, alpha = 0.1),
border = "black", lwd = 2, phi = 20)
# here the perspective does not always work
# use alpha.col to set the transparency of a vector of colors
box3D(x0 = runif(3), y0 = runif(3), z0 = runif(3),
x1 = runif(3), y1 = runif(3), z1 = runif(3),
col = c("red", "lightblue", "orange"), alpha = 0.5,
border = "black", lwd = 2)
## ========================================================================
## rectangles
## ========================================================================
# at constant 'z'
rect3D(x0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
y0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
z0 = seq(-0.8, -0.1, by = 0.1),
x1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
y1 = seq(0.8, 0.1, by = -0.1),
col = gg.col(8), border = "black",
bty = "g", lwd = 2, phi = 20, main = "rect3D")
# constant y and with transparent facets
rect3D(x0 = 0, y0 = 0, z0 = 0, x1 = 1, z1 = 5,
ylim = c(0, 1), facets = NA, border = "red",
bty = "g", lwd = 2, phi = 20)
# add rect at constant z, with colored facet
rect3D(x0 = 0, y0 = 0, z0 = 0, x1 = 1, y1 = 1,
border = "red", add = TRUE)
## ========================================================================
## arrows added to a persp plot
## ========================================================================
x <- y <- seq(-10, 10, length = 30)
z <- outer(x, y, FUN = function(x,y) x^2 + y^2)
persp3D(x, y, z, theta = 30, phi = 30,
col = "lightblue", ltheta = 120, shade = 0.75,
ticktype = "detailed", xlab = "X",
ylab = "Y", zlab = "x^2+y^2" )
# Points where to put the arrows
x <- y <- seq(-10, 10, len = 6)
X0 <- outer(x, y, FUN = function (x,y) x)
Y0 <- outer(x, y, FUN = function (x,y) y)
Z0 <- outer(x, y, FUN = function (x,y) x^2 + y^2)
X1 <- X0 + 1
Y1 <- Y0 + 1
Z1 <- Z0 + 10
arrows3D(X0, Y0, Z0, X1, Y1, Z1, lwd = 2,
add = TRUE, type = "curved", col = "red")
segments3D(X0, Y0, Z0, X0, Y0, rep(0, length(X0)), lwd = 2,
add = TRUE, col = "green")
## ========================================================================
## polygon3D
## ========================================================================
x <- runif(10)
y <- runif(10)
z <- runif(10)
polygon3D(x, y, z)
# several polygons, separated by NAs
x <- runif(39)
y <- runif(39)
z <- runif(39)
ii <- seq(4, 36, by = 4)
x[ii] <- y[ii] <- z[ii] <- NA
# transparent colors (alpha)
polygon3D(x, y, z, border = "black", lwd = 3,
col = gg.col(length(ii) + 1, alpha = 0.8),
main = "polygon3D")
## ========================================================================
## 2D examples, with color key
## ========================================================================
arrows2D(x0 = runif(10), y0 = runif(10),
x1 = runif(10), y1 = runif(10), colvar = 1:10,
code = 3, main = "arrows2D, segments2D")
segments2D(x0 = runif(10), y0 = runif(10),
x1 = runif(10), y1 = runif(10), colvar = 1:10,
lwd = 2, add = TRUE, colkey = FALSE)
# transparency
rect2D(x0 = runif(10), y0 = runif(10),
x1 = runif(10), y1 = runif(10), colvar = 1:10,
alpha = 0.4, lwd = 2, main = "rect2D")
## ========================================================================
## polygon2D
## ========================================================================
x <- runif(10)
y <- runif(10)
polygon2D(x, y) # same as polygon
# several polygons, separated by NAs
x <- runif(59)
y <- runif(59)
ii <- seq(5, 55, by = 5)
x[ii] <- y[ii] <- NA
# transparent colors (alpha)
polygon2D(x, y, border = "black", lwd = 3,
colvar = 1:(length(ii) + 1),
col = gg.col(), alpha = 0.2,
main = "polygon2D")
# restore plotting parameters
par(mfrow = pm)
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