R/n.ttest.R

In samplesize: Sample Size Calculation for Various t-Tests and Wilcoxon-Test

n.ttest <-
	function(power = 0.80, alpha = 0.05, mean.diff = 0.8, sd1 = 0.83, sd2 = sd1, k = 1, design = "unpaired", fraction = "balanced", variance = "equal")
	{
		if(variance == "equal" & sd1 != sd2){
			warning("Variance is set to equal, but sd's are different. This makes no sense!")
		}
		if(fraction == "unbalanced" & k == 1){
			warning("Groups are chosen unbalanced, but fraction argument k is 1")
		}
		if(design == "paired" & fraction == "unbalanced"){
			warning("Argument -unbalanced- is not used. Paired design is balanced")
		}
		if(design == "paired" & k != 1){
			warning("Argument -k- is set to 1. Paired design is balanced")
		}
		if(design == "paired" & variance == "unequal"){
			warning("Paired design assumes and uses equal variances")
		}
		if(design == "paired"){
			fraction = "balanced"
		}
		if(design == "paired"){
			variance = "equal"
		}
		if(design == "unpaired" & variance == "unequal"){
			warning("Arguments -fraction- and -k- are not used, when variances are unequal")
		}
		if(power > 1 | power < 0){
			stop("Power must be between 0 and 1.0")
		}
		if(power < 0.5){
			warning("Are you sure that Power should be lower than 50 % ?")
		}
		if(alpha > 1 | alpha < 0){
			stop("Type-I-error must be between 0 and 1.0")
		}
		if(alpha > 0.1){
			warning("Are you sure that the two-sided Type-I-Error should be larger than 10 % ?")
		}
		if(k < 0){
			stop("Fraction k must be greater than zero")
		}
		conf.level <- 1 - alpha / 2
		n.start <- 4
		switch(variance,
					 
					 "unequal" = {
					 	k <- sd2/sd1
					 	n1.pri <- n.start/(1 + k)
					 	n2.pri <- (k * n.start)/(1 + k)
					 	n1 <- max(n1.pri, 2)
					 	n2 <- max(n2.pri, 2)
					 	gamma <- sd1/(sd1 + sd2)
					 	c <- mean.diff/(sd1 + sd2)
					 	df_approx <- 1/ ((gamma)^2/ (n1 - 1) + (1 - gamma)^2/ (n2-1))
					 	tkrit.alpha <- qt(conf.level, df = df_approx)
					 	tkrit.beta <- qt(power, df = df_approx)
					 	n.temp <- ((tkrit.alpha + tkrit.beta)^2)/(c^2)
					 	while(n.start <= n.temp){
					 		n.start <- n1 + n2 + 1
					 		n1 <- n.start/(1 + k)
					 		n2 <- (k * n.start)/(1 + k)
					 		df_approx <- 1/ ((gamma)^2/ (n1 - 1) + (1 - gamma)^2/ (n2-1))
					 		tkrit.alpha <- qt(conf.level, df = df_approx)
					 		tkrit.beta <- qt(power, df = df_approx)
					 		n.temp <- ((tkrit.alpha + tkrit.beta)^2)/(c^2)
					 	}
					 	output <- list("Total sample size" = ceiling(n1) + ceiling(k * n1), "Sample size group 1" = ceiling(n1), "sample size group 2" = ceiling(n2))
					 	return(output)
					 },
					 
					 "equal" = {
					 	{
					 		switch(
					 			design,
					 			
					 			"paired" = {
					 				n.start <- 2
					 				c <- mean.diff / sd1
					 				tkrit.alpha <- qt(conf.level, df = n.start -1)
					 				tkrit.beta <- qt(power, df = n.start - 1)
					 				n.temp <- ((tkrit.alpha + tkrit.beta)^2)/(c^2)
					 				while(n.start <= n.temp){
					 					n.start <- n.start + 1
					 					tkrit.alpha <- qt(conf.level, df = n.start - 1)
					 					tkrit.beta <- qt(power, df = n.start - 1 )
					 					n.temp <- ((tkrit.alpha + tkrit.beta)^2)/(c^2)
					 				}
					 				output <- list("Total sample size" = n.start)
					 				return(output)
					 			},
					 			
					 			"unpaired" = {
					 				switch(
					 					fraction,
					 					
					 					"balanced" = {
					 						c <- mean.diff / (2*sd1)
					 						tkrit.alpha <- qt(conf.level, df = n.start - 1)
					 						tkrit.beta <- qt(power, df = n.start - 1)
					 						n.temp <- ((tkrit.alpha + tkrit.beta)^2)/(c^2)
					 						
					 						while(n.start <= n.temp){
					 							n.start <- n.start + 1
					 							tkrit.alpha <- qt(conf.level, df = n.start - 1)
					 							tkrit.beta <- qt(power, df = n.start - 1)
					 							n.temp <- ((tkrit.alpha + tkrit.beta)^2)/(c^2)
					 						}
					 						n1 <- ceiling(n.start / 2)
					 						n2 <- ceiling(n.start / 2)
					 						output <- list("Total sample size" = 2 * n1, "Sample size group 1" = n1, "Sample size group 2" = n2)
					 						return(output)
					 						
					 					},
					 					
					 					"unbalanced" = {
					 						df <- n.start - 2
					 						c <- (mean.diff/sd1)*(sqrt(k)/(1+k))
					 						tkrit.alpha <- qt(conf.level, df = df)
					 						tkrit.beta <- qt(power, df = df)
					 						n.temp <- ((tkrit.alpha + tkrit.beta)^2)/(c^2)
					 						
					 						while(n.start <= n.temp){
					 							n.start <- n.start + 1
					 							tkrit.alpha <- qt(conf.level, df = n.start - 2)
					 							tkrit.beta <- qt(power, df = n.start - 2)
					 							n.temp <- ((tkrit.alpha + tkrit.beta)^2)/(c^2)
					 						}
					 						n1 <- n.start / (1 + k)
					 						n2 <- k * n1
					 						output <- list("Total sample size" = ceiling(n1) + ceiling(n2), "Sample size group 1" = ceiling(n1), "Sample size group 2" = ceiling(n2), "Fraction" = k)
					 						return(output)
					 					})}
					 		)}
					 	return(output)
					 }
		)
	}