Description Usage Arguments Details Value References See Also Examples
The function Lixn
measures dynamic interaction between two animals following
the methods outlined by Minta (1992).
1 |
traj1 |
an object of the class |
traj2 |
same as |
method |
method for computing the marginal distribution from which expected
values are computed. If |
tc |
time threshold for determining simultaneous fixes – see function: |
hr1 |
(– required if method = 'spatial') home range polygon associated with |
hr2 |
(– required if method = 'spatial') same as |
OZ |
(– required if method = 'frequency') shared area polygon associated with spatial use overlap
between |
The function Lixn
can be used to calculate the Minta (1992) measures of dynamic
interaction between two animals. The Minta statistic tests how the two animals simultaneously utilize
an area shared between the two individuals. Three coefficients are produced L_{AA}, L_{BB},
and L_{ixn}. Each of these statistics are based on a contingency table that compares the observed
frequency of those fixes that are simultaneous and within/outside the shared area to expectations based on
area overlap proportions (if method="spatial"
) or expectations derived from all fixes (if
method="frequency"
) – see Minta (1992) for more details. A Chi-squared statistic can then
be used to examine the significance between the observed and expected use of the shared area.
Minta (1992) suggests the following interpretations of the coefficients. When L_{AA}
is near 0, the first animal's use of the shared area is random (or as expected). When
L_{AA} > 0 it signifies spatial attraction to the shared area, or greater than
expected use. When L_{AA} < 0 it signifies spatial avoidance of the shared area, or
less than expected use. Interpretation of L_{BB} is the same as for L_{AA} with
respect to the second animal. L_{ixn} tells us far more about the nature of the
interaction between the two individuals. As L_{ixn} nears 0, both animals use the
shared area randomly, with regards to the other animal. If L_{ixn} > 0 the animals
use the shared area more simultaneously, whereas if L_{ixn} < 0 it is an
indication of solitary use, or avoidance. This is why L_{ixn} is termed the temporal
interaction coefficient. A Chi-squared test can be used to identify the significance
of the L_{AA}, L_{BB}, and L_{ixn} values.
NOTEs:
1. With modern telemetry datasets, where home ranges are readily estimated, choosing method = 'spatial'
is most appropriate.
2. When the home ranges do not overlap the Lixn statistic is not defined and the function returns a
string of NA's.
3. When one home range completely encloses another the Lixn statistic is not defined and the function returns
a string of NA's and 'ContainsB'
(or 'ContainsB'
) under the p.IXN result.
4. Further to points 2 and 3, the Lixn statistic is not appropriate in situations where the overlap area is
either very large or very small relative to either home range (i.e., a situation with almost complete enclosure
or virtually no overlap). Thus, it is advised that Lixn
be used only in situations where there are
suitable marginal areas for areaA, areaB, and areaAB – see Minta (1992).
This function returns a list of objects representing the calculated values from the Minta statistic and associated p-values from the Chi-squared test.
pTable – contingency table showing marginal probabilities of expected use
based on the selection of the method
parameter.
nTable – contingency table showing observed frequency of use of the shared area based on simultaneous fixes.
oTable – the odds for each cell in the contingency table.
Laa – the calculated value of the L_{AA} statistic
p.AA – the associated p-value
Lbb – the calculated value of the L_{BB} statistic
p.BB – the associated p-value
Lixn – the calculated value of the L_{ixn} statistic
p.IXN – the associated p-value
Minta, S.C. (1992) Tests of spatial and temporal interaction among animals. Ecological Applications, 2: 178-188
GetSimultaneous
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | ## Not run:
data(deer)
deer37 <- deer[1]
deer38 <- deer[2]
library(adehabitatHR)
library(sp)
#use minimum convex polygon for demonstration...
hr37 <- mcp(SpatialPoints(ld(deer37)[,1:2]))
hr38 <- mcp(SpatialPoints(ld(deer38)[,1:2]))
#tc = 7.5 minutes, dc = 50 meters
Lixn(deer37, deer38, method='spatial', tc=7.5*60, hr1=hr37, hr2=hr38)
## End(Not run)
|
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