knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo=T, comment=NA, error=T, warning=F, message = F, fig.align = 'center')
The Standing-Katz (SK) chart data is read directly from a scanned figure of the original plot drawn by Standing and Katz in 1951.
The software used to digitize the data is graphClick
for the operating system osX
by Apple. This software has been tested and qualified by scholars working on a similar task of digitizing data.
Each one of the SK chart curves has been digitized. There are some curves where more points were taken due to the curvature. Other curves are almost linear and few points were necessary to define the curve.
If you feel you can add a Standing-Katz chart with higher resolution and improve the work of this package, you can do so. Just keep in mind certain convention to name the text files. Let's see how the curves were saved for this package.
We invoke the function listStandingKatzCurves()
to list all the Standing-Katz curve data that has been digitized. See the R
code chunk below:
library(zFactor) listStandingKatzCurves(pprRange = 'all')
Note that the files follow this convention:
sk_: Sanding-Katz hp: high pressure range lp: low pressure range tpr: pseudo-reduced tempereture nnn: a three digit number representing the curve by the Tpr
Now that we know the meaning of the name of digitized curve. we could only list then the files that contain data only in the 'high pressure' (hp) range:
library(zFactor) listStandingKatzCurves(pprRange = 'hp')
For the low-pressure Ppr
range:
library(zFactor) listStandingKatzCurves(pprRange = 'lp')
The SK chart data once is read from the curves and saved on text files, it can read from R
and viewed, plotted or saved y using the function getStandingKatzCurve()
. The header of function looks like this:
getStandingKatzCurve <- function(tpr = 1.3, pprRange = "lp", tolerance = 0.01, toView = TRUE, toSave = TRUE, toPlot = TRUE) { more code }
The user should supply at least the pseudo-reduced temperatureor $T_{pr}$ to retrieve the points from the SK chart for that particular temperature. What the user will obtain is a dataset of $P_{pr}$ vs $z$.
Here we are calling for the curve at $T_{pr}$ = 1.30, We will only plot it at this time:
library(zFactor) getStandingKatzCurve(tpr = 1.3, toView = FALSE, toSave = FALSE)
In a similar manner we could plot the SK curve at $T_{pr}$ = 1.3 but at the high pressure
range or hp
. This is the lower part of the chart with the scale from 7.0 to 15.
We have to specify that we want the high pressure range with hp
as shown below:
library(zFactor) getStandingKatzCurve(tpr = 1.3, pprRange = 'hp', toView = FALSE, toSave = FALSE)
We could change the Y
scale of the plot to accomadate the high `z`` values:
getStandingKatzCurve(tpr = 1.3, pprRange = 'hp', ylim = c(0.75, 1.75))
Tpr = 1.05
library(zFactor) getStandingKatzCurve(tpr = 1.05, pprRange = "lp", toView = FALSE, toSave = FALSE)
library(zFactor) ds <- getStandingKatzCurve(tpr = 1.3, pprRange = 'hp', toView = FALSE, toSave = FALSE, toPlot = FALSE) knitr::kable(head(ds, 10))
The table show us few rows of the dataset at $T_{pr}$ = 1.3 but also some columns -or variables. $P_{pr}$ and $z$ are self-explanatory. The three other columns deserve an explanation:
isNear: how close is the digitized point to the grid (1/10th) Ppr_near: what is the value of the nearest grid value to the point diff: the difference between the Ppr of the point read and the grid
Tpr
)We will choose not to plot, save ot view any of the results at this time. We limit to obtain the z vs. Ppr data at given $T_{pr}$ values in a vector.
library(zFactor) library(tibble) tpr <- c(1.05, 1.3, 1.5) tpr_li <- lapply(tpr, getStandingKatzData, pprRange = 'lp') names(tpr_li) <- tpr tibble(tpr_li)
as_tibble(tpr_li[["1.05"]]) as_tibble(tpr_li[["1.3"]]) as_tibble(tpr_li[["1.5"]])
Note that we have just retrieved the z vs. Ppr data for three Tpr curves with one command. That the power of the
apply
functions family.
Tpr
curveSince the function getStandingKatzData
returns a list of dataframes if we supply a vector of Tpr
curves, we could select one of those tables by specifying the Tpr
.
In this example, we will retrieve the table for Tpr =
1.3` and show the first 10 rows:
# show the first 10 rows head(tpr_li[["1.3"]], 10)
z
values for medium range of Tpr curvesLet's say we want to take a look at the z
values Standing-Katz chart at specific sets of pseudo-reduced pressure $P_{pr}$ and pseudo-reduced temperatures $T_{pr}$.
We use the function getStandingKatzMatrix()
and provide the Ppr and Tpr vectors.
z
values for the medium range of Tpr
curveslibrary(zFactor) tpr_vec <- c(1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9) ppr_vec <- c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5) getStandingKatzMatrix(ppr_vector = ppr_vec, tpr_vector = tpr_vec)
Note that these values are not interpolated; they are raw values read from the Standing-Katz chart.
NOTE \
In this case we could form a pretty nice matrix of
z
values because we know beforehand that the values of Ppr are common to the given Tpr curves. What does this mean?
This means that we digitized points at exactly these Ppr values 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5
for these Tpr curves 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 2.0
. We may not be so lucky in creating such a pretty nice looking matrix unless we take care of digitizing the Tpr
curves at common Ppr
values. It will always be better to digitized points that are over the 1/10th division of the Standing-Katz grid.
Tpr
?library(zFactor) tpr_vec <- c(1.05, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) ppr_vec <- c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5) getStandingKatzMatrix(ppr_vector = ppr_vec, tpr_vector = tpr_vec)
Tpr
library(zFactor) tpr_vec <- c(2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0) ppr_vec <- c(0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.0) getStandingKatzMatrix(ppr_vector = ppr_vec, tpr_vector = tpr_vec)
z
If a smaller sample is required, change the vectors:
library(zFactor) tpr_vec <- c(1.1, 1.2) ppr_vec <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) getStandingKatzMatrix(ppr_vector = ppr_vec, tpr_vector = tpr_vec, pprRange = "lp")
Again. We knew that there were two
Ppr
points at theTpr
supplied.
Now, what happens if you guess the Ppr
values and they are not found in the digitized file? R will throw an error:
Ppr values may not be digitized at this Tpr
library(zFactor) tpr_vec <- c(1.2) ppr_vec <- c(8.3, 10) getStandingKatzMatrix(ppr_vector = ppr_vec, tpr_vector = tpr_vec, pprRange = "hp")
Ppr
digitized values for a Tpr
If we don't know what Ppr
values have been exactly digitized for a Tpr
curve, then we just pull all the Ppr
points. In this example, we will work with the hp
or high pressure Ppr
:
library(zFactor) tpr_vec <- c(1.2) getStandingKatzMatrix(tpr_vector = tpr_vec, pprRange = "hp")
You can see why were getting the error above; there is no digitized point at
Ppr = 8.3
orPpr = 10
. Now, let's try at 8.6 and 15.
library(zFactor) tpr_vec <- c(1.2) ppr_vec <- c(8.6, 10.3, 15) getStandingKatzMatrix(ppr_vector = ppr_vec, tpr_vector = tpr_vec, pprRange = "hp")
z
point for a Ppr
at a curve Tpr
library(zFactor) asked_tpr <- 1.5 asked_ppr <- 2.5 tpr_vec <- c(asked_tpr) res_li <- lapply(tpr_vec, getStandingKatzData, pprRange = 'lp') names(res_li) <- tpr_vec asked_tpr_str <- as.character(asked_tpr) df <- res_li[[asked_tpr_str]] df[which(res_li[[asked_tpr_str]]["Ppr_near"] == asked_ppr), "z"]
Tpr
tableslibrary(zFactor) library(data.table) tpr <- c(1.05, 1.1, 1.2) tpr_li <- lapply(tpr, getStandingKatzData, pprRange = 'lp') names(tpr_li) <- tpr common <- rbindlist(tpr_li, idcol = TRUE) common
Ppr
library(zFactor) getStandingKatzTpr(pprRange = "all")
library(zFactor) getStandingKatzTpr(pprRange = "lp")
library(zFactor) getStandingKatzTpr(pprRange = "hp")
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