Description Usage Arguments Details Value References See Also Examples
The overall prospect values for each alternative (round) are calculated using
two components in a method described in [3]: (1) the value matrix, which is
calculated using dual.valueMatrix
as given by [1] and (2) the
decision weights, which can be calculated in this package using three
functions. See Details of weight attribute. Its equivalent function for
prospect theory and the tri-reference point theory are
overallPV
and overallTRP
.
1 2 3 4 |
dataset |
data.frame with the user generated data from a product
configurator. See |
userid |
a vector of integers that gives the information of which users the matrix should be calculated. Vectorised. |
attr |
attributes IDs, vector of integer numbers corresponding to the
attributes you desire to use; |
rounds |
integer vector or text option. Which steps of the configuration
process should be shown? Defaults are first and last step. Text options are
|
cost_ids |
argument used to convert selected cost attributes into benefit attributes. Integer vector. |
weight |
numeric vector. Represents the importance or relevance that an
attribute has and the weight it should have in the calculation of the
prospect value. Alternatively, you can enter a list of numeric vectors, each
element of the list corresponding to one user in |
weightFUN |
indicated which weight function should be used to calculate
the weight vector, the options are |
dual.refps |
numeric - two numbers indicating the status-quo and the aspiration level(goal) for the given attributes. Status-quo should always be the first input. |
lambda |
numeric - parameter of loss aversion for the value function as
given by reference[1]. Default value is 2.25 as in [2] and should be
|
delta |
numeric - expresses the relative importance of the aspiration
level to other factors. Default is 0.8 and it should satisfy |
consumption_fun |
non-working parameter for future developments. Leave at NULL. |
gamma |
numeric and between 0 and 1. It is a parameter used for the function
|
refps |
a list of numeric vectors, one for each user. Reference Points: each point corresponds to one attribute, therefore the amount of attributes and of refps entered, should be equal. Default assumes the refps as the default values of the initial product configuration for each user. You may fully or partially enter your own reference points, check below for more info. |
In the context of data stemming from product configurators, the highest overall value returned by this function, means that specific product configuration represented the highest value for the user. This depends mainly on three important factors: (1) What theoretical framework you choose to use (PT, DRP, TRP), (2) which decision weights you assign to each attribute, and (3) the reference point(s) you input.
This function is vectorized in the userid
parameter.
dataset
We assume the input data.frame has following columns usid =
User IDs, round = integers indicating which round the user is in (0-index
works best for 'round'), atid = integer column for referring the attribute
ID (1 indexed), selected = numeric value of the attribute for a specific,
given round, selectable = amount of options the user can chose at a given
round, with the current configuration. This is a necessary parameter.
userid
is a necessary parameter.
rounds
Default calculates with first and last rounds (initial and
final product configuration). You can give a vector of arbitrarily chosen
rounds as well.
cost_ids
Default assumes all your attributes are of benefit type,
that is a higher value in the attribute means the user is better off than
with a lower value. If one or more of the attributes in your data is of
cost type, e.g. price, so that lower is better then you should identify
this attributes as such, providing their id, they'll be converted to
benefit type (higher amount is better).
weight
default orders each attribute a weight <= 1 according to the
the weight function differenceToIdeal
. Ideally the sum of all
weights equals 1. The three weighting functions are:
weight.differenceToIdeal, weight.entropy,
weight.highAndStandard
delta
[1] Initially called alpha, we chose delta to avoid confusion
with prospect theory's parameter for concavity, such as seen in
overallPV
Note: When converting a cost attribute to a benefit attribute its two
reference points change as well, enter the unconverted dual.refps, the
function transforms them automatically when it detects a cost_ids !=
NULL
. Also, since for cost attributes, lower is better, unconverted they
should follow (G < SQ).
overall prospect values for each alternative/row
[1] Golman, R., & Loewenstein, G. (2011). Explaining Nonconvex Preferences with Aspirational and Status Quo Reference Dependence. Mimeo, Carnegie Mellon University.
[2] Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and uncertainty, 5(4), 297-323.
[3] Fan, Z. P., Zhang, X., Chen, F. D., & Liu, Y. (2013). Multiple attribute decision making considering aspiration-levels: A method based on prospect theory. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 65(2), 341-350.
1 2 3 4 5 6 | #Not runnable yet
overallDRP(pc_config_data, 9, dual.refps = c(1, 3.5))
overallDRP(pc_config_data, 9, dual.refps = c(1, 3.5), lambda=2, delta=0.5)
overallDRP(aDataFrame, userid = 100, rounds = "all", dual.refps = c(1, 2))
overallDRP(myData, userid = 11, attr = 1, cost_ids = 1, dual.refps = c(8, 2))
overallDRP(full_data, 15:16 ,attr = c(1,2,3), rounds="all", dual.refps=matrix(1:6, 3, 2, byrow=T))
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