dist.Inverse.Wishart: Inverse Wishart Distribution

In benmarwick/LaplacesDemon: Complete Environment for Bayesian Inference

Description

These functions provide the density and random number generation for the inverse Wishart distribution.

Usage

   dinvwishart(Sigma, nu, S, log=FALSE)
   rinvwishart(nu, S)

Arguments

Sigma	This is the symmetric, positive-definite k x k matrix Sigma.
nu	This is the scalar degrees of freedom, nu.
S	This is the symmetric, positive-semidefinite k x k scale matrix S.
log	Logical. If log=TRUE, then the logarithm of the density is returned.

Details

• Application: Continuous Multivariate

• Density: p(theta) = (2^(nu*k/2) * pi^(k(k-1)/4) * [Gamma((nu+1-i)/2) * ... * Gamma((nu+1-k)/2)])^(-1) * |S|^(nu/2) * |Omega|^(-(nu-k-1)/2) * exp(-(1/2) * tr(S Omega^(-1)))

• Inventor: John Wishart (1928)

• Notation 1: Sigma ~ W^(-1)[nu](S^(-1))

• Notation 2: p(Sigma) = W^-1[nu](Sigma | S^(-1))

• Parameter 1: degrees of freedom nu

• Parameter 2: symmetric, positive-semidefinite k x k scale matrix S

• Mean: E(Sigma) = S / (nu - k - 1)

• Variance:

• Mode: mode(Sigma) = S / (nu + k + 1)

The inverse Wishart distribution is a probability distribution defined on real-valued, symmetric, positive-definite matrices, and is used as the conjugate prior for the covariance matrix, Sigma, of a multivariate normal distribution. The inverse-Wishart density is always finite, and the integral is always finite. A degenerate form occurs when nu < k.

When applicable, the alternative Cholesky parameterization should be preferred. For more information, see dinvwishartc.

The inverse Wishart prior lacks flexibility, having only one parameter, nu, to control the variability for all k(k + 1)/2 elements. Popular choices for the scale matrix S include an identity matrix or sample covariance matrix. When the model sample size is small, the specification of the scale matrix can be influential.

One of many alternatives is to use hierarchical priors, in which the main diagonal of the (identity) scale matrix and the degrees of freedom are treated as unknowns (Bouriga and Feron, 2011; Daniels and Kass, 1999). A hierarchical inverse Wishart prior provides shrinkage toward diagonality. Another alternative is to abandon the inverse Wishart distribution altogether for the more flexible method of Barnard et al. (2000) or the horseshoe distribution (dhs) for sparse covariance matrices.

These functions are parameterized as per Gelman et al. (2004).

Value

dinvwishart gives the density and rinvwishart generates random deviates.

References

Barnard, J., McCulloch, R., and Meng, X. (2000). "Modeling Covariance Matrices in Terms of Standard Deviations and Correlations, with Application to Shrinkage". Statistica Sinica, 10, p. 1281–1311.

Bouriga, M. and Feron, O. (2011). "Estimation of Covariance Matrices Based on Hierarchical Inverse-Wishart Priors". URL: http://www.citebase.org/abstract?id=oai:arXiv.org:1106.3203.

Daniels, M., and Kass, R. (1999). "Nonconjugate Bayesian Estimation of Covariance Matrices and its use in Hierarchical Models". Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(448), p. 1254–1263.

Gelman, A., Carlin, J., Stern, H., and Rubin, D. (2004). "Bayesian Data Analysis, Texts in Statistical Science, 2nd ed.". Chapman and Hall, London.

Wishart, J. (1928). "The Generalised Product Moment Distribution in Samples from a Normal Multivariate Population". Biometrika, 20A(1-2), p. 32–52.

See Also

dhs, dinvwishartc, dmvn, and dwishart.

Examples

library(LaplacesDemon)
x <- dinvwishart(matrix(c(2,-.3,-.3,4),2,2), 3, matrix(c(1,.1,.1,1),2,2))
x <- rinvwishart(3, matrix(c(1,.1,.1,1),2,2))

benmarwick/LaplacesDemon documentation built on May 12, 2019, 12:59 p.m.