Description Usage Format Note Source References
You often hear that a negative outlook can be self-defeating. To test whether this is really true, psychology researchers conducted a study in 1990 on a group of 33 swim-team members at the University of California at Berkeley. 16 of them are cataloged in this data set.
1 | data("swim")
|
A dataframe with 16 rows and 2 columns.
Pessimism
The pessimism score of each swimmer. A high score indicates a more pessimistic mindset.
Ratio
The ratio of swimming times for each trial – trial1/trial2.
An Ratio
value > 1 indicates that a swimmer performed better on the second
trial and vice-versa.
The documentation does not auto-update. If one changes the base file, this documentation will no longer remain accurate.
Obtained from the Fall 2015 edition of 36-201.
Author Seligman, M.E.P., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Thornton, N. and Thornton, C.M. (1990) Explanatory style as a mechanism of disappointing athletic performance. Psychological Science, 1, 143–146, http://www.uvm.edu/~dhowell/StatPages/Swimming/Swimming.html
Seligman, M.E.P., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Thornton, N., & Thornton, C.M. (1990). Explanatory style as a mechanism of disappointing athletic performance. Psychological Science, 1, 143-146,as described on http://www.uvm.edu/~dhowell/StatPages/Swimming/Swimming.html
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