tests/Test_Birnbaum_2004.R
In gary-au/pt: Computational models for prospect theory and other theories of risky decision making
library("pt")
########################
# Birnbaum, M. H. (2004). Causes of Allais common consequence paradoxes: An experimental dissection. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 48(2), 87-106.
########################
########################
#
# Series A, Table 2, p.95
#
########################
# Choice problem 6, Table 2, p.95
# R = (98, 0.1; 2, 0.9)
# ~ 13.3 TAX
# ~ 16.9 PT
# S = (40, 0.2; 2, 0.8)
# ~ 9.0 TAX
# ~ 10.7 PT
# R > S
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 1, 2)
objective_consequences <- c(98, 2, 40, 2)
probability_strings <-
c("0.1", "0.9", "0.2", "0.8")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 11.6 13.32 13.32 -1.716
# 2 1 2 9.6 8.962 8.962 0.6384
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 11.6 12.03 16.89 -5.287
# 2 1 2 9.6 8.06 10.71 -1.114
########################
# Choice problem 9, Table 2, p.95
# R = (98, 0.1; 2, 0.1; 2, 0.8)
# ~ 9.6 TAX
# ~ 16.9 PT
# S = (40, 0.1; 40, 0.1; 2, 0.8)
# ~ 11.1 TAX
# ~ 10.7 PT
# S > R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(98, 2, 2, 40, 40, 2)
probability_strings <-
c("0.1", "0.1", "0.8", "0.1", "0.1", "0.8")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 11.6 9.635 9.635 1.965
# 2 1 2 9.6 11.07 11.07 -1.466
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 11.6 12.03 16.89 -5.287
# 2 1 2 9.6 8.06 10.71 -1.114
########################
# Choice problem 12, Table 2, p.95
# R = (98, 0.1; 40, 0.8; 2, 0.1)
# ~ 30.6 TAX
# ~ 38.0 PT
# S = (40, 0.1; 40, 0.1; 2, 0.8)
# ~ 40.0 TAX
# ~ 40.0 PT
# S > R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(98, 40, 2, 40, 40, 40)
probability_strings <-
c("0.1", "0.8", "0.1", "0.1", "0.8", "0.1")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 42 30.58 30.58 11.42
# 2 1 2 40 40 40 0
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 42 24.56 38 3.995
# 2 1 2 40 25.69 40 -0.00000000000001421
########################
# Choice problem 16, Table 2, p.95
# R = (98, 0.8; 98, 0.1; 2, 0.1)
# ~ 62.6 TAX
# ~ 67.6 PT
# S = (98, 0.8; 40, 0.1; 40, 0.1)
# ~ 59.8 TAX
# ~ 74.5 PT
# R > S
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(98, 98, 2, 98, 40, 40)
probability_strings <-
c("0.8", "0.1", "0.1", "0.8", "0.1", "0.1")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 88.4 62.55 62.55 25.85
# 2 1 2 86.4 59.77 59.77 26.63
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 88.4 40.76 67.59 20.81
# 2 1 2 86.4 44.42 74.52 11.88
########################
# Choice problem 19, Table 2, p.95
# R = (98, 0.9; 2, 0.1)
# ~ 54.7 TAX
# ~ 67.6 PT
# S = (98, 0.8; 40, 0.2)
# ~ 68.0 TAX
# ~ 74.5 PT
# S > R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 1, 2)
objective_consequences <- c(98, 2, 98, 40)
probability_strings <-
c("0.9", "0.1", "0.8", "0.2")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 88.4 54.68 54.68 33.72
# 2 1 2 86.4 68.04 68.04 18.36
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 88.4 40.76 67.59 20.81
# 2 1 2 86.4 44.42 74.52 11.88
########################
#
# Series B, Table 3, p.95
#
########################
# Choice problem 10, Table 3, p.95
# S = (50, 0.15; 7, 0.85)
# ~ 13.6 TAX
# ~ 15.9 PT
# R = (100, 0.1; 7, 0.9)
# ~ 18.0 TAX
# ~ 22.1 PT
# S < R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 1, 2)
objective_consequences <- c(50, 7, 100, 7)
probability_strings <-
c("0.15", "0.85", "0.1", "0.9")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 13.45 13.56 13.56 -0.1134
# 2 1 2 16.3 17.96 17.96 -1.663
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 13.45 11.38 15.85 -2.404
# 2 1 2 16.3 15.23 22.08 -5.779
########################
# Choice problem 17, Table 3, p.95
# S = (50, 0.1; 50, 0.05; 7, 0.85)
# ~ 15.6 TAX
# ~ 15.9 PT
# R = (100, 0.1; 7, 0.05; 7, 0.85)
# ~ 14.6 TAX
# ~ 22.1 PT
# R > S
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(50, 50, 7, 100, 7, 7)
probability_strings <-
c("0.1", "0.05", "0.85", "0.1", "0.05", "0.85")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 13.45 15.56 15.56 -2.107
# 2 1 2 16.3 14.64 14.64 1.663
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 13.45 11.38 15.85 -2.404
# 2 1 2 16.3 15.23 22.08 -5.779
########################
# Choice problem 20, Table 3, p.95
# S = (50, 0.1; 50, 0.85; 50, 0.05)
# ~ 50.0 TAX
# ~ 50.0 PT
# R = (100, 0.1; 50, 0.85; 7, 0.05)
# ~ 40.1 TAX
# ~ 49.2 PT
# S > R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(50, 50, 50, 100, 50, 7)
probability_strings <-
c("0.1", "0.85", "0.05", "0.1", "0.85", "0.05")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 50 50 50 0
# 2 1 2 52.85 40.1 40.1 12.75
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 50 31.27 50 -0.00000000000002132
# 2 1 2 52.85 30.84 49.23 3.621
########################
# Choice problem 14, Table 3, p.95
# S = (100, 0.85; 50, 0.1; 50, 0.05)
# ~ 68.4 TAX
# ~ 82.2 PT
# R = (100, 0.85; 100, 0.1; 7, 0.05)
# ~ 69.7 TAX
# ~ 79.0 PT
# S < R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(100, 50, 50, 100, 100, 7)
probability_strings <-
c("0.85", "0.1", "0.05", "0.85", "0.1", "0.05")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 92.5 68.37 68.37 24.13
# 2 1 2 95.35 69.7 69.7 25.65
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 92.5 48.44 82.23 10.27
# 2 1 2 95.35 46.79 79.05 16.3
########################
# Choice problem 8, Table 3, p.95
# S = (100, 0.85; 50, 0.15)
# ~ 75.7 TAX
# ~ 82.2 PT
# R = (100, 0.95; 7, 0.05)
# ~ 62.0 TAX
# ~ 79.0 PT
# S > R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 1, 2)
objective_consequences <- c(100, 50, 100, 7)
probability_strings <-
c("0.85", "0.15", "0.95", "0.05")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 92.5 75.7 75.7 16.8
# 2 1 2 95.35 62 62 33.35
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 92.5 48.44 82.23 10.27
# 2 1 2 95.35 46.79 79.05 16.3
########################
#
# Table 4, p.96
# Violations of stochastic dominance and coalescing linked to event framing and event-splitting
# (SD violated if G- > G+)
#
########################
# Choice problem 5, Table 4, p.96
# G+ = (96, 0.9; 14, 0.05; 12, 0.05)
# ~ 45.8 TAX
# ~ 70.3 PT
# G- = (96, 0.85; 90, 0.05; 12, 0.1)
# ~ 63.1 TAX
# ~ 69.7 PT
# G- > G+
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(96, 14, 12, 96, 90, 12)
probability_strings <-
c("0.9", "0.05", "0.05", "0.85", "0.05", "0.1")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 87.7 45.77 45.77 41.93
# 2 1 2 87.3 63.1 63.1 24.2
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 87.7 42.18 70.27 17.43
# 2 1 2 87.3 41.9 69.73 17.57
########################
# Choice problem 11, Table 4, p.96
# G+ = (96, 0.85; 96, 0.05; 14, 0.05; 12, 0.05)
# ~ 53.1 TAX
# ~ 70.3 PT
# G- = (96, 0.85; 90, 0.05; 12, 0.05; 12, 0.05)
# ~ 51.4 TAX
# ~ 69.7 PT
# G+ > G-
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4)
objective_consequences <- c(96, 96, 14, 12, 96, 90, 12, 12)
probability_strings <-
c("0.85", "0.05", "0.05", "0.05", "0.85", "0.05", "0.05", "0.05")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 87.7 53.06 53.06 34.64
# 2 1 2 87.3 51.38 51.38 35.92
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 87.7 42.18 70.27 17.43
# 2 1 2 87.3 41.9 69.73 17.57
########################
# Choice problem 15, Table 4, p.96
# G+ = (96, 0.9; 14, 0.05; 12, 0.05)
# ~ 45.8 TAX
# ~ 70.3 PT
# G- = (96, 0.85; 90, 0.05; 12, 0.1)
# ~ 63.1 TAX
# ~ 69.7 PT
# G- > G+
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(96, 14, 12, 96, 90, 12)
probability_strings <-
c("0.9", "0.05", "0.05", "0.85", "0.05", "0.1")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 87.7 45.77 45.77 41.93
# 2 1 2 87.3 63.1 63.1 24.2
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 87.7 42.18 70.27 17.43
# 2 1 2 87.3 41.9 69.73 17.57
########################
# Choice problem 7, Table 4, p.96
# G+ = (99, 0.94; 8, 0.03; 6, 0.03)
# ~ 46.0 TAX
# ~ 76.2 PT
# G- = (99, 0.91; 96, 0.03; 6, 0.06)
# ~ 66.6 TAX
# ~ 75.9 PT
# G- > G+
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(99, 8, 6, 99, 96, 6)
probability_strings <-
c("0.94", "0.03", "0.03", "0.91", "0.03", "0.06")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 93.48 45.96 45.96 47.52
# 2 1 2 93.33 66.6 66.6 26.73
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 93.48 45.32 76.24 17.24
# 2 1 2 93.33 45.16 75.92 17.41
########################
# Choice problem 13, Table 4, p.96
# G+ = (99, 0.91; 99, 0.03; 8, 0.03; 6, 0.03)
# ~ 54.2 TAX
# ~ 76.2 PT
# G- = (99, 0.91; 96, 0.03; 6, 0.03; 6, 0.03)
# ~ 53.2 TAX
# ~ 75.9 PT
# G+ > G-
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4)
objective_consequences <- c(99, 99, 8, 6, 99, 96, 6, 6)
probability_strings <-
c("0.91", "0.03", "0.03", "0.03", "0.91", "0.03", "0.03", "0.03")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 93.48 54.23 54.23 39.25
# 2 1 2 93.33 53.17 53.17 40.16
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 93.48 45.32 76.24 17.24
# 2 1 2 93.33 45.16 75.92 17.41
########################
# Choice problem 18, Table 4, p.96
# G+ = (99, 0.94; 8, 0.03; 6, 0.03)
# ~ 46.0 TAX
# ~ 76.2 PT
# G- = (99, 0.91; 96, 0.03; 6, 0.06)
# ~ 66.6 TAX
# ~ 75.9 PT
# G- > G+
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(99, 8, 6, 99, 96, 6)
probability_strings <-
c("0.94", "0.03", "0.03", "0.91", "0.03", "0.06")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 93.48 45.96 45.96 47.52
# 2 1 2 93.33 66.6 66.6 26.73
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 93.48 45.32 76.24 17.24
# 2 1 2 93.33 45.16 75.92 17.41
gary-au/pt documentation built on May 16, 2019, 5:41 p.m.
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library("pt")
########################
# Birnbaum, M. H. (2004). Causes of Allais common consequence paradoxes: An experimental dissection. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 48(2), 87-106.
########################
########################
#
# Series A, Table 2, p.95
#
########################
# Choice problem 6, Table 2, p.95
# R = (98, 0.1; 2, 0.9)
# ~ 13.3 TAX
# ~ 16.9 PT
# S = (40, 0.2; 2, 0.8)
# ~ 9.0 TAX
# ~ 10.7 PT
# R > S
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 1, 2)
objective_consequences <- c(98, 2, 40, 2)
probability_strings <-
c("0.1", "0.9", "0.2", "0.8")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 11.6 13.32 13.32 -1.716
# 2 1 2 9.6 8.962 8.962 0.6384
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 11.6 12.03 16.89 -5.287
# 2 1 2 9.6 8.06 10.71 -1.114
########################
# Choice problem 9, Table 2, p.95
# R = (98, 0.1; 2, 0.1; 2, 0.8)
# ~ 9.6 TAX
# ~ 16.9 PT
# S = (40, 0.1; 40, 0.1; 2, 0.8)
# ~ 11.1 TAX
# ~ 10.7 PT
# S > R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(98, 2, 2, 40, 40, 2)
probability_strings <-
c("0.1", "0.1", "0.8", "0.1", "0.1", "0.8")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 11.6 9.635 9.635 1.965
# 2 1 2 9.6 11.07 11.07 -1.466
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 11.6 12.03 16.89 -5.287
# 2 1 2 9.6 8.06 10.71 -1.114
########################
# Choice problem 12, Table 2, p.95
# R = (98, 0.1; 40, 0.8; 2, 0.1)
# ~ 30.6 TAX
# ~ 38.0 PT
# S = (40, 0.1; 40, 0.1; 2, 0.8)
# ~ 40.0 TAX
# ~ 40.0 PT
# S > R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(98, 40, 2, 40, 40, 40)
probability_strings <-
c("0.1", "0.8", "0.1", "0.1", "0.8", "0.1")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 42 30.58 30.58 11.42
# 2 1 2 40 40 40 0
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 42 24.56 38 3.995
# 2 1 2 40 25.69 40 -0.00000000000001421
########################
# Choice problem 16, Table 2, p.95
# R = (98, 0.8; 98, 0.1; 2, 0.1)
# ~ 62.6 TAX
# ~ 67.6 PT
# S = (98, 0.8; 40, 0.1; 40, 0.1)
# ~ 59.8 TAX
# ~ 74.5 PT
# R > S
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(98, 98, 2, 98, 40, 40)
probability_strings <-
c("0.8", "0.1", "0.1", "0.8", "0.1", "0.1")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 88.4 62.55 62.55 25.85
# 2 1 2 86.4 59.77 59.77 26.63
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 88.4 40.76 67.59 20.81
# 2 1 2 86.4 44.42 74.52 11.88
########################
# Choice problem 19, Table 2, p.95
# R = (98, 0.9; 2, 0.1)
# ~ 54.7 TAX
# ~ 67.6 PT
# S = (98, 0.8; 40, 0.2)
# ~ 68.0 TAX
# ~ 74.5 PT
# S > R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 1, 2)
objective_consequences <- c(98, 2, 98, 40)
probability_strings <-
c("0.9", "0.1", "0.8", "0.2")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 88.4 54.68 54.68 33.72
# 2 1 2 86.4 68.04 68.04 18.36
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 88.4 40.76 67.59 20.81
# 2 1 2 86.4 44.42 74.52 11.88
########################
#
# Series B, Table 3, p.95
#
########################
# Choice problem 10, Table 3, p.95
# S = (50, 0.15; 7, 0.85)
# ~ 13.6 TAX
# ~ 15.9 PT
# R = (100, 0.1; 7, 0.9)
# ~ 18.0 TAX
# ~ 22.1 PT
# S < R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 1, 2)
objective_consequences <- c(50, 7, 100, 7)
probability_strings <-
c("0.15", "0.85", "0.1", "0.9")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 13.45 13.56 13.56 -0.1134
# 2 1 2 16.3 17.96 17.96 -1.663
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 13.45 11.38 15.85 -2.404
# 2 1 2 16.3 15.23 22.08 -5.779
########################
# Choice problem 17, Table 3, p.95
# S = (50, 0.1; 50, 0.05; 7, 0.85)
# ~ 15.6 TAX
# ~ 15.9 PT
# R = (100, 0.1; 7, 0.05; 7, 0.85)
# ~ 14.6 TAX
# ~ 22.1 PT
# R > S
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(50, 50, 7, 100, 7, 7)
probability_strings <-
c("0.1", "0.05", "0.85", "0.1", "0.05", "0.85")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 13.45 15.56 15.56 -2.107
# 2 1 2 16.3 14.64 14.64 1.663
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 13.45 11.38 15.85 -2.404
# 2 1 2 16.3 15.23 22.08 -5.779
########################
# Choice problem 20, Table 3, p.95
# S = (50, 0.1; 50, 0.85; 50, 0.05)
# ~ 50.0 TAX
# ~ 50.0 PT
# R = (100, 0.1; 50, 0.85; 7, 0.05)
# ~ 40.1 TAX
# ~ 49.2 PT
# S > R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(50, 50, 50, 100, 50, 7)
probability_strings <-
c("0.1", "0.85", "0.05", "0.1", "0.85", "0.05")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 50 50 50 0
# 2 1 2 52.85 40.1 40.1 12.75
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 50 31.27 50 -0.00000000000002132
# 2 1 2 52.85 30.84 49.23 3.621
########################
# Choice problem 14, Table 3, p.95
# S = (100, 0.85; 50, 0.1; 50, 0.05)
# ~ 68.4 TAX
# ~ 82.2 PT
# R = (100, 0.85; 100, 0.1; 7, 0.05)
# ~ 69.7 TAX
# ~ 79.0 PT
# S < R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(100, 50, 50, 100, 100, 7)
probability_strings <-
c("0.85", "0.1", "0.05", "0.85", "0.1", "0.05")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 92.5 68.37 68.37 24.13
# 2 1 2 95.35 69.7 69.7 25.65
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 92.5 48.44 82.23 10.27
# 2 1 2 95.35 46.79 79.05 16.3
########################
# Choice problem 8, Table 3, p.95
# S = (100, 0.85; 50, 0.15)
# ~ 75.7 TAX
# ~ 82.2 PT
# R = (100, 0.95; 7, 0.05)
# ~ 62.0 TAX
# ~ 79.0 PT
# S > R
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 1, 2)
objective_consequences <- c(100, 50, 100, 7)
probability_strings <-
c("0.85", "0.15", "0.95", "0.05")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 92.5 75.7 75.7 16.8
# 2 1 2 95.35 62 62 33.35
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 92.5 48.44 82.23 10.27
# 2 1 2 95.35 46.79 79.05 16.3
########################
#
# Table 4, p.96
# Violations of stochastic dominance and coalescing linked to event framing and event-splitting
# (SD violated if G- > G+)
#
########################
# Choice problem 5, Table 4, p.96
# G+ = (96, 0.9; 14, 0.05; 12, 0.05)
# ~ 45.8 TAX
# ~ 70.3 PT
# G- = (96, 0.85; 90, 0.05; 12, 0.1)
# ~ 63.1 TAX
# ~ 69.7 PT
# G- > G+
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(96, 14, 12, 96, 90, 12)
probability_strings <-
c("0.9", "0.05", "0.05", "0.85", "0.05", "0.1")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 87.7 45.77 45.77 41.93
# 2 1 2 87.3 63.1 63.1 24.2
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 87.7 42.18 70.27 17.43
# 2 1 2 87.3 41.9 69.73 17.57
########################
# Choice problem 11, Table 4, p.96
# G+ = (96, 0.85; 96, 0.05; 14, 0.05; 12, 0.05)
# ~ 53.1 TAX
# ~ 70.3 PT
# G- = (96, 0.85; 90, 0.05; 12, 0.05; 12, 0.05)
# ~ 51.4 TAX
# ~ 69.7 PT
# G+ > G-
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4)
objective_consequences <- c(96, 96, 14, 12, 96, 90, 12, 12)
probability_strings <-
c("0.85", "0.05", "0.05", "0.05", "0.85", "0.05", "0.05", "0.05")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 87.7 53.06 53.06 34.64
# 2 1 2 87.3 51.38 51.38 35.92
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 87.7 42.18 70.27 17.43
# 2 1 2 87.3 41.9 69.73 17.57
########################
# Choice problem 15, Table 4, p.96
# G+ = (96, 0.9; 14, 0.05; 12, 0.05)
# ~ 45.8 TAX
# ~ 70.3 PT
# G- = (96, 0.85; 90, 0.05; 12, 0.1)
# ~ 63.1 TAX
# ~ 69.7 PT
# G- > G+
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(96, 14, 12, 96, 90, 12)
probability_strings <-
c("0.9", "0.05", "0.05", "0.85", "0.05", "0.1")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 87.7 45.77 45.77 41.93
# 2 1 2 87.3 63.1 63.1 24.2
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 87.7 42.18 70.27 17.43
# 2 1 2 87.3 41.9 69.73 17.57
########################
# Choice problem 7, Table 4, p.96
# G+ = (99, 0.94; 8, 0.03; 6, 0.03)
# ~ 46.0 TAX
# ~ 76.2 PT
# G- = (99, 0.91; 96, 0.03; 6, 0.06)
# ~ 66.6 TAX
# ~ 75.9 PT
# G- > G+
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(99, 8, 6, 99, 96, 6)
probability_strings <-
c("0.94", "0.03", "0.03", "0.91", "0.03", "0.06")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 93.48 45.96 45.96 47.52
# 2 1 2 93.33 66.6 66.6 26.73
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 93.48 45.32 76.24 17.24
# 2 1 2 93.33 45.16 75.92 17.41
########################
# Choice problem 13, Table 4, p.96
# G+ = (99, 0.91; 99, 0.03; 8, 0.03; 6, 0.03)
# ~ 54.2 TAX
# ~ 76.2 PT
# G- = (99, 0.91; 96, 0.03; 6, 0.03; 6, 0.03)
# ~ 53.2 TAX
# ~ 75.9 PT
# G+ > G-
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4)
objective_consequences <- c(99, 99, 8, 6, 99, 96, 6, 6)
probability_strings <-
c("0.91", "0.03", "0.03", "0.03", "0.91", "0.03", "0.03", "0.03")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 93.48 54.23 54.23 39.25
# 2 1 2 93.33 53.17 53.17 40.16
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 93.48 45.32 76.24 17.24
# 2 1 2 93.33 45.16 75.92 17.41
########################
# Choice problem 18, Table 4, p.96
# G+ = (99, 0.94; 8, 0.03; 6, 0.03)
# ~ 46.0 TAX
# ~ 76.2 PT
# G- = (99, 0.91; 96, 0.03; 6, 0.06)
# ~ 66.6 TAX
# ~ 75.9 PT
# G- > G+
choice_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
gamble_ids <- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2)
outcome_ids <- c(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
objective_consequences <- c(99, 8, 6, 99, 96, 6)
probability_strings <-
c("0.94", "0.03", "0.03", "0.91", "0.03", "0.06")
my_choices <- Choices(choice_ids=choice_ids,
gamble_ids=gamble_ids,
outcome_ids=outcome_ids,
objective_consequences=objective_consequences,
probability_strings=probability_strings)
my_choices
my_pwf <-
ProbWeight(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.7, beta=1))
delta <- -1
my_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=1, beta=1, lambda=1))
compareTAX(my_choices,
prob_weight=my_pwf,
utility=my_utility,
delta=delta,
digits=4)
# cid gid ev tax ce rp
# 1 1 1 93.48 45.96 45.96 47.52
# 2 1 2 93.33 66.6 66.6 26.73
tk_1992_utility <- Utility(fun="power",
par=c(alpha=0.88, beta=0.88, lambda=2.25))
tk_1992_positive_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.61))
tk_1992_negative_probWeight <-
ProbWeight(fun="Tversky_Kahneman_1992",
par=c(alpha=0.69))
comparePT(my_choices,
prob_weight_for_positive_outcomes=tk_1992_positive_probWeight,
prob_weight_for_negative_outcomes=tk_1992_negative_probWeight,
utility=tk_1992_utility, digits=4)
# cid gid ev pt ce rp
# 1 1 1 93.48 45.32 76.24 17.24
# 2 1 2 93.33 45.16 75.92 17.41
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