In pasraia/RRphylo: Phylogenetic Ridge Regression Methods for Comparative Studies
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
collapse = TRUE,
comment = "#>"
)
require(RRphylo)
options(rmarkdown.html_vignette.check_title = FALSE)
Index
- tree.merger tool
a. tree.merger basics
b. Input tree and data
c. Attaching individual tips to the backbone tree
d. Attaching clades to the backbone tree
e. Guided examples
- scaleTree tool
- cutPhylo tool
- fix.poly tool
tree.merger tool {#tree.merger}
tree.merger basics{#basics}
The function tree.merger is meant to merge phylogenetic information derived from different phylogenies into a single supertree. Given a backbone (backbone) and a source trees (source.tree), tree.merger drops clades from the latter to attach them on the former according to the information provided in the dataset object data. Individual tips to add can be indicated in data as well. Once the supertree is assembled, tips and nodes ages are calibrated based on user-specified values.
Input tree and data{#data}
The backbone phylogeny serves as the reference to locate where single tips or entire clades extracted from the source.tree have to be attached. The backbone is assumed to be correctly calibrated so that nodes and tips ages (including the age of the tree root) are left unchanged, unless the user specifies otherwise. The source.tree is the phylogeny where the clades to add are extracted from. For each clade attached to the backbone, the time distances between the most recent common ancestor of the clade and its descendant nodes are kept fixed, unless the ages for any of these nodes are indicated by the user. All the new tips added to the backbone, irrespective of whether they are attached as a clade or as individual tips, are placed at the maximum distance from the tree root, unless calibration ages are supplied by the user. The data object is a dataframe including information about "what" is attached, where and how. data must be made of three columns:
-
bind: the tips or clades to be attached;
-
reference: the tips or clades where bind will be attached;
-
poly: a logical indicating whether the bind and reference pair should form a polytomy.
If different column names are supplied, tree.merger assumes they are ordered as described and eventually fails if this requirement is not met. Similarly, with duplicated bind supplied the function stops and throws an error message. A clade, either to be bound or to be the reference, must be indicated by collating the names of the two phylogenetically furthest tips belonging to it, separated by a "-". The 'bound' tips/clades can be used as reference for another tip/clade to be attached. The order with which clades and tips to attach are supplied does not matter.
Tips and nodes are calibrated within tree.merger by means of the function scaleTree. To this aim, named vectors of tips and nodes ages, meant as time distance from the youngest tips within the phylogeny, must be supplied. As for the data object, the nodes to be calibrated should be identified by collating the names of the two phylogenetically furthest tips it subtends to, separated by a "-".
Attaching individual tips to the backbone tree{#individual}
If only individual tips are attached the source.tree can be left unspecified. Tips set to be attached to the same reference are considered to represent a polytomy. Tips set as bind which are already on the backbone tree are removed from the latter and placed according to the reference. In the example below, tips "a1" and "a8" are set to be attached to the same reference "t6", "t5" belonging to the backbone is indicated to be moved, and "a7" is added to the tree root thus changing the total height of the tree.
require(ape)
require(phytools)
require(geiger)
set.seed(14)
rtree(10)->tree.back
par(mar=c(2,3.5,1,3.5))
plot(tree.back,edge.width=1.2)
title("backbone tree")
axisPhylo()
data.frame(bind=c("a1","a2","a3","a4","a5","a6","a7","t5","a8"),
reference=c("t6","t10","t9","a2-t5","t10-t2","t2-a3","a1-t10","t7-t10","t6"),
poly=c(FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE))->dato
require(kableExtra)
knitr::kable(dato,align="c") %>%
kable_styling(full_width = FALSE, position = "float_right") %>%
add_header_above(c("dato" = 3))
tree.merger(backbone=tree.back,data=dato,plot=FALSE)
tm<-function(backbone,data,source.tree=NULL,tip.ages = NULL, node.ages = NULL,min.branch=NULL,title){
# require(ape)
# require(phytools)
# require(geiger)
# require(manipulate)
backbone->tree
data->dat
source.tree->tree2
max(diag(vcv(tree)))->H
H-diag(vcv(tree))->ages
if(is.null(min.branch)) min(tree$edge.length)->min.branch
### Check data ###
if(!all(colnames(dat)%in%c("bind","reference","poly"))) {
if(any(is.na(as.logical(dat[,3])))) stop("Check columns order: it should be 'bind', 'reference', 'poly'")
warning("Colnames not matching: columns assumed to be ordered as 'bind','reference','poly'",immediate. = TRUE)
colnames(dat)<-c("bind","reference","poly")
}
### Check for duplicated bind ###
if(any(duplicated(dat$bind))) stop(paste(paste(dat$bind[duplicated(dat$bind)],collapse = ", "),"names duplicated in supplied tips"))
if(!is.logical(dat$poly)) as.logical(dat$poly)->dat$poly
data.frame(dat,bind.type=sapply(strsplit(dat[,1],"-"),length))->dat
if(all(dat$bind.type==1)&(!is.null(tree2))) tree2<-NULL
if(any(dat$bind%in%tree2$tip.label)) drop.tip(tree2,dat[which(dat$bind%in%tree2$tip.label),1])->tree2
dat$bind.tips<-NA
if(all(dat$bind.type==1)) dat$bind.tips<-dat$bind else{
dat[which(dat$bind.type==2),]$bind.tips<-lapply(dat$bind[which(dat$bind.type==2)],function(x) tips(tree2,getMRCA(tree2,strsplit(x,"-")[[1]])))
if(any(is.na(dat$bind.tips))) dat[which(is.na(dat$bind.tips)),]$bind.tips<-dat[which(is.na(dat$bind.tips)),]$bind
}
if(!all(unlist(dat[which(dat$bind.type==2),]$bind.tips)%in%tree2$tip.label)){
stop(paste(paste(unlist(dat[which(dat$bind.type==2),]$bind.tips)[which(
unlist(dat[which(dat$bind.type==2),]$bind.tips)%in%tree2$tip.label)],
collapse=", "),"not in source.tree"))
}
if(!all(unlist(strsplit(dat$reference,"-"))%in%c(tree$tip.label,unlist(dat$bind.tips),tree2$tip.label))){
stop(paste(paste(unlist(strsplit(dat$reference,"-"))[which(!unlist(strsplit(dat$reference,"-"))%in%c(tree$tip.label,unlist(dat$bind.tips),tree2$tip.label))],
collapse=","),"missing from the backbone, the source and the tips to be attached"))
}
### bind already on the backbone ###
if(any(dat$bind%in%tree$tip.label)){
warning(paste(paste(dat[which(dat$bind%in%tree$tip.label),1],collapse=", "),"removed from the backbone tree"),immediate. = TRUE)
drop.tip(tree,dat[which(dat$bind%in%tree$tip.label),1])->tree
}
### duplicated reference ###
table(dat$reference)->tab.ref
if(any(tab.ref>1)){
for(j in 1:length(which(tab.ref>1))){
dat[which(dat$reference==names(which(tab.ref>1)[j])),]->ref.mult
if(any(isTRUE(ref.mult$poly))) ref.mult[-which(isTRUE(ref.mult$poly)),]->ref.mult
paste(strsplit(ref.mult$reference[1],"-")[[1]][1],strsplit(ref.mult$bind[1],"-")[[1]][1],sep="-")->ref.mult$reference[-1]
ref.mult[-1,]$poly<-TRUE
dat[match(ref.mult$bind,dat$bind),]<-ref.mult
}
}
### ordering ###
strsplit(dat$reference,"-")->refs
dat$ref.tree1<-NA
dat$ref.tree2<-NA
lapply(refs,function(x){
if(length(x[which(!x%in%tree$tip.label)])<1) NA else x[which(!x%in%tree$tip.label)]
})->ref.tree
dat[which(is.na(ref.tree)),][order(dat[which(is.na(ref.tree)),]$bind.type),]$ref.tree1<-seq(1,length(which(is.na(ref.tree))))
if(any(which(!is.na(ref.tree)))){
dat[which(!is.na(ref.tree)),]->dat.new
dat.new[,6:7]<-do.call(rbind,ref.tree[-which(is.na(ref.tree))])
if(any(dat.new[,6]%in%unlist(dat.new$bind.tips)|dat.new[,7]%in%unlist(dat.new$bind.tips))){
while(nrow(dat.new)>0){
which(!(dat.new[,6]%in%unlist(dat.new$bind.tips)|dat.new[,7]%in%unlist(dat.new$bind.tips)))->outs
dat[match(dat.new[outs,1],dat[,1]),]$ref.tree1<-max(dat$ref.tree1,na.rm=TRUE)+1:length(outs)
dat.new[-outs,]->dat.new
}
}else{
which(!(dat.new[,6]%in%unlist(dat.new$bind.tips)|dat.new[,7]%in%unlist(dat.new$bind.tips)))->outs
dat[match(dat.new[outs,1],dat[,1]),]$ref.tree1<-
max(dat$ref.tree1,na.rm=TRUE)+1:length(which(!dat.new$ref.tree1%in%dat.new[,1]))
}
}
dat[order(dat$ref.tree1),]->dat
if(!is.null(tree2)){
dat$MRCAbind<-NA
sapply(dat[which(dat$bind.type==2),]$bind.tips,function(x) getMRCA(tree2,x))->dat$MRCAbind[which(dat$bind.type==2)]
if(any(dat$bind.type==2)){
unlist(sapply(dat[which(dat$bind.type==2),]$MRCAbind,function(x) tree$tip.label[which(tree$tip.label%in%tips(tree2,x))]))->remt
if(length(remt)>0){
drop.tip(tree,remt)->tree
ages[-match(remt,names(ages))]->ages
warning(paste(paste(remt,collapse=", "),"already on the source tree: removed from the backbone tree"),immediate. = TRUE)
}
}
}
### binding ###
for(k in 1:nrow(dat)){
if(length(strsplit(dat$reference,"-")[[k]])>1)
getMRCA(tree,strsplit(dat$reference,"-")[[k]])->where.ref else
which(tree$tip.label==strsplit(dat$reference,"-")[[k]])->where.ref
if(where.ref!=(Ntip(tree)+1)) tree$edge.length[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref)]->br.len else{
if(is.null(tree$root.edge)) tree$root.edge<-mean(tree$edge.length)
tree$root.edge->br.len
}
if(dat$bind.type[k]==1){
if(isTRUE(dat$poly[k])) 0->pos.ref else br.len/2->pos.ref
bind.tip(tree,dat$bind[k],where.ref,position = pos.ref,edge.length =br.len/2)->tree
}else{
extract.clade(tree2,dat$MRCAbind[k])->cla
if(isTRUE(dat$poly[k])){
0->pos.ref
if((max(diag(vcv(cla)))+max(diag(vcv(cla)))/10)>(H-nodeHeights(tree)[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref),2]))
rescale(cla,"depth",(H-nodeHeights(tree)[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref),2]+max(diag(vcv(cla)))/10))->cla
cla$root.edge<-max(diag(vcv(cla)))/10
}else {
if((max(diag(vcv(cla)))+br.len/2)>(H-nodeHeights(tree)[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref),1])){
rescale(cla,"depth",(H-nodeHeights(tree)[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref),2]))->cla
pos.ref<-br.len/2
}else if((max(diag(vcv(cla)))+br.len/2)>(H-nodeHeights(tree)[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref),2]))
(max(diag(vcv(cla)))+br.len/2)-(H-nodeHeights(tree)[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref),2])->pos.ref else br.len/2->pos.ref
cla$root.edge<-br.len/2
}
bind.tree(tree,cla,where=where.ref,position = pos.ref)->tree
}
}
### tips calibration ages ###
if(is.null(tip.ages)){
rep(0,length(tree$tip.label))->tip.ages
names(tip.ages)<-tree$tip.label
tip.ages[match(names(ages),names(tip.ages))]<-ages
}else{
if(!all(names(ages)%in%names(tip.ages))) c(ages[which(!names(ages)%in%names(tip.ages))],tip.ages)->tip.ages
if(!all(tree$tip.label%in%names(tip.ages))){
rep(0,length(which(!tree$tip.label%in%names(tip.ages))))->tip.add
names(tip.add)<-tree$tip.label[which(!tree$tip.label%in%names(tip.ages))]
c(tip.ages,tip.add)->tip.ages
}
}
### nodes calibration ages ###
if(!is.null(node.ages)){
sapply(names(node.ages),function(x){
getMRCA(tree,unlist(strsplit(x,"-")))
})->names(node.ages)
}else{
node.ages<-c()
}
### age original root ###
if(!getMRCA(tree,names(ages))%in%names(node.ages)){
node.ages<-c(node.ages,H)
names(node.ages)[length(node.ages)]<-getMRCA(tree,names(ages))
}
### time distances inside attached clades ###
if(any(dat$bind.type==2)){
unlist(lapply(dat$MRCAbind[which(dat$bind.type==2)],function(x){
c(x,getDescendants(tree2,x)[which(getDescendants(tree2,x)>Ntip(tree2))])->des
dist.nodes(tree2)->dn
max(diag(vcv(tree2)))-dn[which(rownames(dn)==(Ntip(tree2)+1)),match(des,rownames(dn))]->dndes
names(dndes)<-des
dndes
}))->ages.fix
sapply(names(ages.fix),function(x) getMRCA(tree,tips(tree2,as.numeric(x))))->names(ages.fix)
if(any(!names(ages.fix)%in%names(node.ages)))
c(ages.fix[which(!names(ages.fix)%in%names(node.ages))],node.ages)->node.ages
}
if(max(diag(vcv(tree)))>H&&(!(Ntip(tree)+1)%in%names(node.ages)))
warning(paste("Root age not indicated: the tree root arbitrarily set at",round(max(diag(vcv(tree))),2)),immediate.=TRUE)
scaleTree(tree,node.ages=node.ages,tip.ages =tip.ages,min.branch=min.branch)->tree.final->tree.plot
if(any(dat$bind.type==2)) lapply(dat$MRCAbind[which(dat$bind.type==2)],function(x)
c(getMRCA(tree.plot,tips(tree2,x)),getDescendants(tree.plot,getMRCA(tree.plot,tips(tree2,x)))))->cla.plot else cla.plot<-c()
c(which(tree.plot$tip.label%in%dat$bind[which(dat$bind.type==1)]),unlist(cla.plot))->all.plot
# colo<-rep(scales::hue_pal()(2)[2],nrow(tree.plot$edge))
# colo[which(tree.plot$edge[,2]%in%all.plot)]<-scales::hue_pal()(2)[1]
colo<-rep("gray60",nrow(tree.plot$edge))
colo[which(tree.plot$edge[,2]%in%all.plot)]<-"red"
names(colo)<-tree.plot$edge[,2]
par(mar=c(2,0,1,0))
plot(tree.plot,edge.color=colo,edge.width=1.5,tip.color=colo[which(tree.plot$edge[,2]<=Ntip(tree.plot))])
title(title)
axisPhylo()
return(tree.final)
}
suppressWarnings(tm(backbone=tree.back,data=dato,title="merged tree"))
As no tip.ages are supplied to tree.merger, all the new tips are placed at the maximum distance from the tree root. Since no age for the root of the merged tree is indicated, the function places it arbitrarly and produces a warning to inform the user about its position with respect to the youngest tip on the phylogeny.
To calibrate the the ages of either tips or nodes within the merged tree, the arguments tip.ages and node.ages must be indicated.
c(1,2,1.7,1.5,0.8,1.5,0.3,1.2,0.2)->ages.tip
c("a7","a1","t6","a8","a6","a4","a2","a5","a3")->names(ages.tip)
c(2.2,2.9,3.5)->ages.node
c("t2-t1","a1-a8","a7-t10")->names(ages.node)
ages.tip
ages.node
tree.merger(backbone=tree.back,data=dato,tip.ages=ages.tip,node.ages = ages.node,plot=FALSE)
suppressWarnings(tm(backbone=tree.back,data=dato,tip.ages=ages.tip,node.ages = ages.node,title="merged and calibrated tree"))
Attaching clades to the backbone tree{#clades}
When clades are attached, the nodes subtending to them on source.tree are identified as the most recent common ancestors of the tip pairs indicated in bind. If one or more tips within any of the bind clades are also set to be added as individual tips, they are removed from the clade they belong to and attached independently. In the example below, "s7" is removed from the clade subtended by the most recent common ancestor of "s1" and "s4" and attached as sister to "t3" independently.
set.seed(22)
rtree(8,tip.label = paste("s",1:8,sep=""))->tree.source
par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(2,0,1,0))
plot(tree.back,edge.width=1.8)
title("backbone tree")
axisPhylo()
plot(tree.source,edge.width=1.8)
title("source tree")
axisPhylo()
data.frame(bind=c("a1","s2-s5","s1-s4","s7","a2"),
reference=c("s3","t10","t3-t9","t3","s2-t7"),
poly=c(FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE))->dato.clade
knitr::kable(dato.clade,align="c") %>%
kable_styling(full_width = TRUE, position = "float_right") %>%
add_header_above(c("dato.clade" = 3))
tree.merger(backbone=tree.back,data=dato.clade,source.tree=tree.source,plot=FALSE)
tm(backbone=tree.back,data=dato.clade,source.tree=tree.source,title="merged tree")
Guided examples {#examples}
### load the RRphylo example dataset including Cetaceans tree
data("DataCetaceans")
DataCetaceans$treecet->treecet # phylogenetic tree
### Select two clades and some species to be removed
tips(treecet,131)->liv.Mysticetes
tips(treecet,193)->Delphininae
c("Aetiocetus_weltoni","Saghacetus_osiris",
"Zygorhiza_kochii","Ambulocetus_natans",
"Kentriodon_pernix","Kentriodon_schneideri","Kentriodon_obscurus")->extinct
plot(treecet,show.tip.label = FALSE,no.margin=TRUE)
nodelabels(frame="n",col="blue",font=2,node=c(131,193),text=c("living\nMysticetes","Delphininae"))
tiplabels(frame="circle",bg="red",cex=.3,text=rep("",length(c(liv.Mysticetes,Delphininae,extinct))),
tip=which(treecet$tip.label%in%c(liv.Mysticetes,Delphininae,extinct)))
### Create the backbone and source trees
drop.tip(treecet,c(liv.Mysticetes[-which(tips(treecet,131)%in%
c("Caperea_marginata","Eubalaena_australis"))],
Delphininae[-which(tips(treecet,193)=="Tursiops_aduncus")],extinct))->backtree
drop.tip(treecet,which(!treecet$tip.label%in%
c(liv.Mysticetes,Delphininae,extinct)))->sourcetree
### Create the data object
data.frame(bind=c("Balaena_mysticetus-Caperea_marginata",
"Aetiocetus_weltoni",
"Saghacetus_osiris",
"Zygorhiza_kochii",
"Ambulocetus_natans",
"Kentriodon_pernix",
"Kentriodon_schneideri",
"Kentriodon_obscurus",
"Sousa_chinensis-Delphinus_delphis",
"Kogia_sima",
"Grampus_griseus"),
reference=c("Fucaia_buelli-Aetiocetus_weltoni",
"Aetiocetus_cotylalveus",
"Fucaia_buelli-Tursiops_truncatus",
"Saghacetus_osiris-Fucaia_buelli",
"Dalanistes_ahmedi-Fucaia_buelli",
"Kentriodon_schneideri",
"Phocoena_phocoena-Delphinus_delphis",
"Kentriodon_schneideri",
"Sotalia_fluviatilis",
"Kogia_breviceps",
"Globicephala_melas-Pseudorca_crassidens"),
poly=c(FALSE,
FALSE,
FALSE,
FALSE,
FALSE,
FALSE,
FALSE,
FALSE,
FALSE,
FALSE,
FALSE))->dato
knitr::kable(dato,align="c") %>%
kable_styling(full_width = TRUE, position = "center") %>%
add_header_above(c("dato" = 3))
### Merge the backbone and the source trees according to dat without calibrating tip and node ages
tree.merger(backbone = backtree,data=dato,source.tree = sourcetree,plot=FALSE)
### Set tips and nodes calibration ages
c(Aetiocetus_weltoni=28.0,
Saghacetus_osiris=33.9,
Zygorhiza_kochii=34.0,
Ambulocetus_natans=40.4,
Kentriodon_pernix=15.9,
Kentriodon_schneideri=11.61,
Kentriodon_obscurus=13.65)->tipages
c("Ambulocetus_natans-Fucaia_buelli"=52.6,
"Balaena_mysticetus-Caperea_marginata"=21.5)->nodeages
### Merge the backbone and the source trees and calibrate tips and nodes ages
tree.merger(backbone = backtree,data=dato,source.tree = sourcetree,
tip.ages=tipages,node.ages=nodeages,plot=FALSE)
scaleTree tool {#scaleTree}
The function scaleTree is a useful tool to deal with phylogenetic age calibration written around Gene Hunt's scalePhylo function (https://naturalhistory.si.edu/staff/gene-hunt). It rescales branches and leaves of the tree according to species and/or nodes calibration ages (meant as distance from the youngest tip within the tree).
If only species ages are supplied (argument tip.ages), the function changes leaves length, leaving node ages and internal branch lengths unaltered. When node ages are supplied (argument node.ages), the function shifts nodes position along their own branches while keeping other nodes and species positions unchanged.
library(ape)
library(phytools)
library(geiger)
set.seed(14)
DataFelids$treefel->tree
tree$tip.label<-paste("t",seq(1:Ntip(tree)),sep="")
max(nodeHeights(tree))->H
sample(H-diag(vcv(tree)),8)->sp.ages
sp.ages+tree$edge.length[match(match(names(sp.ages),tree$tip.label),tree$edge[,2])]/2->sp.ages
sp.ages[c(3,7)]<-0
sp.ages
scaleTree(tree,tip.ages=sp.ages)->treeS1
edge.col<-rep("gray60",nrow(tree$edge))
edge.col[which(treeS1$edge[,2]%in%match(names(sp.ages),tree$tip.label))]<-"blue"
par(mfcol=c(2,2),mar=c(0.1,0.1,1,0.1))
plot(tree,edge.color = edge.col,edge.width=1.5,show.tip.label=F)
title("original",cex.main=1.2)
plot(treeS1,edge.color = edge.col,edge.width=1.5,show.tip.label=F)
title("species ages rescaled",cex.main=1.2)
set.seed(0)
sample(seq((Ntip(tree)+2),(Nnode(tree)+Ntip(tree))),8)->nods
H-dist.nodes(tree)[(Ntip(tree)+1),nods]->nod.ages
sapply(1:length(nods),function(x) {
H-dist.nodes(tree)[(Ntip(tree)+1),c(getMommy(tree,nods[x])[1],getDescendants(tree,nods[x])[1:2])]->par.ages
nod.ages[x]+((min(abs(nod.ages[x]-par.ages))-0.2)*sample(c(-1,1),1))
})->nod.ages
nod.ages
scaleTree(tree,node.ages=nod.ages)->treeS2
treeS2->treeS1
unlist(lapply(1:length(nods), function(x) c(nods[x],getDescendants(tree,nods[x])[1:2])))->brcol
edge.col<-rep("gray60",nrow(tree$edge))
edge.col[which(treeS1$edge[,2]%in%brcol)]<-"red"
#par(mfrow=c(2,1),mar=c(0.1,0.1,1,0.1))
plot(tree,edge.color = edge.col,edge.width=1.5,show.tip.label=F)
title("original",cex.main=1.2)
plot(treeS1,edge.color = edge.col,edge.width=1.5,show.tip.label=F)
title("node ages rescaled",cex.main=1.2)
It may happen that species and/or node ages to be calibrated are older than the age of their ancestors. In such cases, after moving the species (node) to its target age, the function reassembles the phylogeny above it by assigning the same branch length (set through the argument min.branch) to the all the branches along the species (node) path, so that the tree is well-conformed and ancestor-descendants relationships remain unchanged. In this way changes to the original tree topology only pertain to the path along the "calibrated" species.
H-dist.nodes(tree)[(Nnode(tree)+1),91]->sp.ages
names(sp.ages)<-tree$tip.label[1]
H-dist.nodes(tree)[(Nnode(tree)+1),164]->nod.ages
names(nod.ages)<-96
c(sp.ages,nod.ages)
scaleTree(tree,tip.ages = sp.ages,node.ages = nod.ages,min.branch = 1)->treeS
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
plot(tree,edge.color = "gray40",show.tip.label=F,no.margin = TRUE,edge.width=1.5)
plotinfo <- get("last_plot.phylo", envir = .PlotPhyloEnv)
points(plotinfo$xx[1],plotinfo$yy[1],pch=16,col="blue",cex=1.2)
points(plotinfo$xx[91],plotinfo$yy[1],pch=4,col="blue",cex=1.5,lwd=2)
text("target age",x= plotinfo$xx[91]-1,y=plotinfo$yy[1],adj=1,col="blue",cex=0.8)
points(plotinfo$xx[96],plotinfo$yy[96],pch=16,col="red",cex=1.2)
points(plotinfo$xx[164],plotinfo$yy[96],pch=4,col="red",cex=1.5,lwd=2)
text("target age",x= plotinfo$xx[164]-1,y=plotinfo$yy[96],adj=1,col="red",cex=0.8)
edge.col<-rep("gray40",nrow(tree$edge))
edge.col[which(treeS$edge[,2]%in%c(1,getMommy(tree,1)))]<-"blue"
edge.col[which(treeS$edge[,2]%in%c(94,95,96))]<-"red"
plot(treeS,edge.color = edge.col,show.tip.label=F,no.margin = TRUE,edge.width=1.5)
plotinfo <- get("last_plot.phylo", envir = .PlotPhyloEnv)
points(plotinfo$xx[1],plotinfo$yy[1],pch=16,col="blue",cex=1.2)
points(plotinfo$xx[96],plotinfo$yy[96],pch=16,col="red",cex=1.2)
Guided examples
# load the RRphylo example dataset including Felids tree
data("DataFelids")
DataFelids$treefel->tree
# get species and nodes ages
# (meant as distance from the youngest species, that is the Recent in this case)
max(nodeHeights(tree))->H
H-dist.nodes(tree)[(Ntip(tree)+1),(Ntip(tree)+1):(Ntip(tree)+Nnode(tree))]->age.nodes
H-diag(vcv(tree))->age.tips
# apply Pagel's lambda transformation to change node ages only
geiger::rescale(tree,"lambda",0.8)->tree1
# apply scaleTree to the transformed phylogeny, by setting
# the original ages at nodes as node.ages
scaleTree(tree1,node.ages=age.nodes)->treeS1
par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(1,0.1,1,0.1),mgp=c(3,0.1,0.05))
plot(tree1,edge.color = "black",show.tip.label=F)
axis(side=1,at=c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32),labels=rev(c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8)
title("lambda rescaled",cex.main=1.2)
plot(treeS1,edge.color = "black",show.tip.label=F)
axis(side=1,at=c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32),labels=rev(c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8)
title("scaleTree rescaled",cex.main=1.2)
# change leaf length of 10 sampled species
tree->tree2
set.seed(14)
sample(tree2$tip.label,10)->sam.sp
age.tips[sam.sp]->age.sam
age.sam[which(age.sam>0.1)]<-age.sam[which(age.sam>0.1)]-1.5
age.sam[which(age.sam<0.1)]<-age.sam[which(age.sam<0.1)]+0.2
tree2$edge.length[match(match(sam.sp,tree$tip.label),tree$edge[,2])]<-age.sam
# apply scaleTree to the transformed phylogeny, by setting
# the original ages at sampled tips as tip.ages
scaleTree(tree2,tip.ages=age.tips[sam.sp])->treeS2
edge.col<-rep("black",nrow(tree$edge))
edge.col[which(treeS2$edge[,2]%in%match(sam.sp,tree$tip.label))]<-"red"
par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(1,0.1,1,0.1),mgp=c(3,0.1,0.05))
plot(tree2,edge.color = edge.col,show.tip.label=F)
axis(side=1,at=c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32),labels=rev(c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8)
title("leaves cut",cex.main=1.2)
plot(treeS2,edge.color = edge.col,show.tip.label=F)
axis(side=1,at=c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32),labels=rev(c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8)
title("scaleTree rescaled",cex.main=1.2)
# apply Pagel's kappa transformation to change both species and node ages,
# including the age at the tree root
geiger::rescale(tree,"kappa",0.5)->tree3
# apply scaleTree to the transformed phylogeny, by setting
# the original ages at nodes as node.ages
scaleTree(tree1,tip.ages = age.tips,node.ages=age.nodes)->treeS3
par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(1,0.1,1,0.1),mgp=c(3,0.1,0.05))
plot(tree3,edge.color = "black",show.tip.label=F)
axisPhylo(tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8)
title("kappa rescaled",cex.main=1.2)
plot(treeS3,edge.color = "black",show.tip.label=F)
axis(side=1,at=c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32),labels=rev(c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8)
title("scaleTree rescaled",cex.main=1.2)
cutPhylo tool {#cutPhylo}
The function cutPhylo is meant to cut the phylogentic tree to remove all the tips and nodes younger than a reference (user-specified) age, which can also coincide with a specific node. When an entire clade is cut, the user can choose (by the argument keep.lineage) to keep its branch length as a tip of the new tree, or remove it completely.
DataFelids$treefel->tree
max(nodeHeights(tree))->H
par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(1,0.1,1.2,0.1),mgp=c(3,0.1,0.05))
plot(tree,show.tip.label=F)
axis(side=1,at=seq(2,32,5),labels=rev(c(0,5,10,15,20,25,30)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8)
abline(v=H-5,col="blue")
title("original",cex.main=1.2)
plot(tree,show.tip.label=F)
axis(side=1,at=seq(2,32,5),labels=rev(c(0,5,10,15,20,25,30)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8)
title("original",cex.main=1.2)
points(plotinfo$xx[129],plotinfo$yy[129],pch=16,col="red",cex=1.2)
cutPhylo(tree,age=5,keep.lineage = TRUE)
cutPhylo(tree,age=5,keep.lineage = FALSE)
par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(1,0.1,1.2,0.1),mgp=c(3,0.1,0.05))
age<-5
{
distNodes(tree,(Ntip(tree)+1))->dN
max(nodeHeights(tree))-age->cutT
dN[,2]->dd
dd[which(dd>=cutT)]->ddcut
names(ddcut)->cutter
### Tips only ###
tree->tt
if(all(cutter%in%tree$tip.label)){
tt$edge.length[match(match(names(ddcut),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]<-
tt$edge.length[match(match(names(ddcut),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]-(ddcut-cutT)
#}
}else{
### Tips and nodes ###
as.numeric(cutter[which(suppressWarnings(as.numeric(cutter))>Ntip(tree))])->cutn
i=1
while(i<=length(cutn)){
if(any(cutn%in%getDescendants(tree,cutn[i]))) cutn[-which(cutn%in%getDescendants(tree,cutn[i]))]->cutn
i=i+1
}
tree->tt
i=1
while(i<=length(cutn)){
getMRCA(tt,tips(tree,cutn[i]))->nn
drop.clade(tt,tips(tt,nn))->tt
tt$tip.label[which(tt$tip.label=="NA")]<-paste("l",i,sep="")
i=i+1
}
diag(vcv(tt))->times
if(any(times>cutT)){
times[which(times>cutT)]->times
tt$edge.length[match(match(names(times),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]<-
tt$edge.length[match(match(names(times),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]-(times-cutT)
}
}
tt->tt.age
plot(tt,show.tip.label=FALSE)
tiplabels(frame="n",col="blue",cex=.6,offset=0.5,
tip=which(!tt$tip.label%in%tree$tip.label),
text=tt$tip.label[which(!tt$tip.label%in%tree$tip.label)])
axis(side=1,at=seq(2,27,5),labels=rev(c(5,10,15,20,25,30)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8)
title("cut at 5: keeping lineages",cex.main=1.2)
drop.tip(tt.age,which(!tt.age$tip.label%in%tree$tip.label))->tt.age
plot(tt.age,show.tip.label=FALSE)
axis(side=1,at=seq(2,27,5),labels=rev(c(5,10,15,20,25,30)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8)
title("cut at 5: removing lineages",cex.main=1.2)
}
cutPhylo(tree,node=129,keep.lineage = TRUE)
cutPhylo(tree,node=129,keep.lineage = FALSE)
node<-129
{
distNodes(tree,(Ntip(tree)+1))->dN
dN[match(node,rownames(dN)),2]->cutT
dN[,2]->dd
dd[which(dd>=cutT)]->ddcut
names(ddcut)->cutter
### Tips only ###
tree->tt
if(all(cutter%in%tree$tip.label)){
tt$edge.length[match(match(names(ddcut),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]<-
tt$edge.length[match(match(names(ddcut),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]-(ddcut-cutT)
#}
}else{
### Tips and nodes ###
as.numeric(cutter[which(suppressWarnings(as.numeric(cutter))>Ntip(tree))])->cutn
i=1
while(i<=length(cutn)){
if(any(cutn%in%getDescendants(tree,cutn[i]))) cutn[-which(cutn%in%getDescendants(tree,cutn[i]))]->cutn
i=i+1
}
tree->tt
i=1
while(i<=length(cutn)){
getMRCA(tt,tips(tree,cutn[i]))->nn
drop.clade(tt,tips(tt,nn))->tt
tt$tip.label[which(tt$tip.label=="NA")]<-paste("l",i,sep="")
i=i+1
}
diag(vcv(tt))->times
if(any(times>cutT)){
times[which(times>cutT)]->times
tt$edge.length[match(match(names(times),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]<-
tt$edge.length[match(match(names(times),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]-(times-cutT)
}
}
tt->tt.node
par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(1,0.1,1.2,0.1),mgp=c(3,0.1,0.05))
plot(tt,show.tip.label=FALSE)
tiplabels(frame="n",col="red",cex=.6,offset=0.5,
tip=which(!tt$tip.label%in%tree$tip.label),
text=tt$tip.label[which(!tt$tip.label%in%tree$tip.label)])
axis(side=1,at=seq(2,23.5,5),labels=rev(c(10,15,20,25,30)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8)
title("cut at node: keeping lineages",cex.main=1.2)
drop.tip(tt.node,which(!tt.node$tip.label%in%tree$tip.label))->tt.node
plot(tt.node,show.tip.label=FALSE)
axis(side=1,at=seq(2,23.5,5),labels=rev(c(10,15,20,25,30)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8)
title("cut at node: removing lineages",cex.main=1.2)
}
fix.poly tool {#fix.poly}
The function fix.poly randomly resolves polytomies either at specified nodes or througout the tree (Castiglione et al. 2020). This latter feature works like ape's multi2di. However, contrary to the latter, polytomies are resolved to non-zero length branches, to provide credible partition of the evolutionary time among the nodes descending from the dichotomized node. This could be useful to gain realistic evolutionary rate estimates at applying RRphylo. Under the type = collapse specification the user is expected to indicate which node/s must be transformed into a multichotomus clade.
### load the RRphylo example dataset including Cetaceans tree
data("DataCetaceans")
DataCetaceans$treecet->treecet
### Resolve all the polytomies within Cetaceans phylogeny
fix.poly(treecet,type="resolve")->treecet.fixed
## Set branch colors
unlist(sapply(names(which(table(treecet$edge[,1])>2)),function(x)
c(x,getDescendants(treecet,as.numeric(x)))))->tocolo
unlist(sapply(names(which(table(treecet$edge[,1])>2)),function(x)
c(getMRCA(treecet.fixed,tips(treecet,x)),
getDescendants(treecet.fixed,as.numeric(getMRCA(treecet.fixed,tips(treecet,x)))))))->tocolo2
colo<-rep("gray60",nrow(treecet$edge))
names(colo)<-treecet$edge[,2]
colo2<-rep("gray60",nrow(treecet.fixed$edge))
names(colo2)<-treecet.fixed$edge[,2]
colo[match(tocolo,names(colo))]<-"red"
colo2[match(tocolo2,names(colo2))]<-"red"
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
plot(treecet,no.margin=TRUE,show.tip.label=FALSE,edge.color = colo,edge.width=1.3)
plot(treecet.fixed,no.margin=TRUE,show.tip.label=FALSE,edge.color = colo2,edge.width=1.3)
### Resolve the polytomies pertaining the genus Kentriodon
fix.poly(treecet,type="resolve",node=221)->treecet.fixed2
## Set branch colors
c(221,getDescendants(treecet,as.numeric(221)))->tocolo
c(getMRCA(treecet.fixed2,tips(treecet,221)),
getDescendants(treecet.fixed2,as.numeric(getMRCA(treecet.fixed2,tips(treecet,221)))))->tocolo2
colo<-rep("gray60",nrow(treecet$edge))
names(colo)<-treecet$edge[,2]
colo2<-rep("gray60",nrow(treecet.fixed2$edge))
names(colo2)<-treecet.fixed2$edge[,2]
colo[match(tocolo,names(colo))]<-"red"
colo2[match(tocolo2,names(colo2))]<-"red"
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
plot(treecet,no.margin=TRUE,show.tip.label=FALSE,edge.color = colo,edge.width=1.3)
plot(treecet.fixed2,no.margin=TRUE,show.tip.label=FALSE,edge.color = colo2,edge.width=1.3)
### Collapse Delphinidae into a polytomous clade
fix.poly(treecet,type="collapse",node=179)->treecet.collapsed
# Set branch colors
c(179,getDescendants(treecet,as.numeric(179)))->tocolo
c(getMRCA(treecet.collapsed,tips(treecet,179)),
getDescendants(treecet.collapsed,as.numeric(getMRCA(treecet.collapsed,tips(treecet,179)))))->tocolo2
colo<-rep("gray60",nrow(treecet$edge))
names(colo)<-treecet$edge[,2]
colo2<-rep("gray60",nrow(treecet.collapsed$edge))
names(colo2)<-treecet.collapsed$edge[,2]
colo[match(tocolo,names(colo))]<-"red"
colo2[match(tocolo2,names(colo2))]<-"red"
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
plot(treecet,no.margin=TRUE,show.tip.label=FALSE,edge.color = colo,edge.width=1.3)
plot(treecet.collapsed,no.margin=TRUE,show.tip.label=FALSE,edge.color = colo2,edge.width=1.3)
References
Castiglione, S., Serio, C., Piccolo, M., Mondanaro, A., Melchionna, M., Di Febbraro, M., Sansalone, G., Wroe, S.,& Raia, P. (2020). The influence of domestication, insularity and sociality on the tempo and mode of brain size evolution in mammals. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, in press.
pasraia/RRphylo documentation built on Aug. 6, 2021, 9:42 p.m.
R Package Documentation
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Note that we can't provide technical support on individual packages. You should contact the package authors for that.
knitr::opts_chunk$set( collapse = TRUE, comment = "#>" ) require(RRphylo) options(rmarkdown.html_vignette.check_title = FALSE)
Index
- tree.merger tool a. tree.merger basics b. Input tree and data c. Attaching individual tips to the backbone tree d. Attaching clades to the backbone tree e. Guided examples
- scaleTree tool
- cutPhylo tool
- fix.poly tool
tree.merger tool {#tree.merger}
tree.merger basics{#basics}
The function tree.merger is meant to merge phylogenetic information derived from different phylogenies into a single supertree. Given a backbone (backbone) and a source trees (source.tree), tree.merger drops clades from the latter to attach them on the former according to the information provided in the dataset object data. Individual tips to add can be indicated in data as well. Once the supertree is assembled, tips and nodes ages are calibrated based on user-specified values.
Input tree and data{#data}
The backbone phylogeny serves as the reference to locate where single tips or entire clades extracted from the source.tree have to be attached. The backbone is assumed to be correctly calibrated so that nodes and tips ages (including the age of the tree root) are left unchanged, unless the user specifies otherwise. The source.tree is the phylogeny where the clades to add are extracted from. For each clade attached to the backbone, the time distances between the most recent common ancestor of the clade and its descendant nodes are kept fixed, unless the ages for any of these nodes are indicated by the user. All the new tips added to the backbone, irrespective of whether they are attached as a clade or as individual tips, are placed at the maximum distance from the tree root, unless calibration ages are supplied by the user. The data object is a dataframe including information about "what" is attached, where and how. data must be made of three columns:
-
bind: the tips or clades to be attached;
-
reference: the tips or clades where bind will be attached;
-
poly: a logical indicating whether the bind and reference pair should form a polytomy.
If different column names are supplied, tree.merger assumes they are ordered as described and eventually fails if this requirement is not met. Similarly, with duplicated bind supplied the function stops and throws an error message. A clade, either to be bound or to be the reference, must be indicated by collating the names of the two phylogenetically furthest tips belonging to it, separated by a "-". The 'bound' tips/clades can be used as reference for another tip/clade to be attached. The order with which clades and tips to attach are supplied does not matter.
Tips and nodes are calibrated within tree.merger by means of the function scaleTree. To this aim, named vectors of tips and nodes ages, meant as time distance from the youngest tips within the phylogeny, must be supplied. As for the data object, the nodes to be calibrated should be identified by collating the names of the two phylogenetically furthest tips it subtends to, separated by a "-".
Attaching individual tips to the backbone tree{#individual}
If only individual tips are attached the source.tree can be left unspecified. Tips set to be attached to the same reference are considered to represent a polytomy. Tips set as bind which are already on the backbone tree are removed from the latter and placed according to the reference. In the example below, tips "a1" and "a8" are set to be attached to the same reference "t6", "t5" belonging to the backbone is indicated to be moved, and "a7" is added to the tree root thus changing the total height of the tree.
require(ape) require(phytools) require(geiger) set.seed(14) rtree(10)->tree.back par(mar=c(2,3.5,1,3.5)) plot(tree.back,edge.width=1.2) title("backbone tree") axisPhylo() data.frame(bind=c("a1","a2","a3","a4","a5","a6","a7","t5","a8"), reference=c("t6","t10","t9","a2-t5","t10-t2","t2-a3","a1-t10","t7-t10","t6"), poly=c(FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE))->dato require(kableExtra) knitr::kable(dato,align="c") %>% kable_styling(full_width = FALSE, position = "float_right") %>% add_header_above(c("dato" = 3))
tree.merger(backbone=tree.back,data=dato,plot=FALSE) tm<-function(backbone,data,source.tree=NULL,tip.ages = NULL, node.ages = NULL,min.branch=NULL,title){ # require(ape) # require(phytools) # require(geiger) # require(manipulate) backbone->tree data->dat source.tree->tree2 max(diag(vcv(tree)))->H H-diag(vcv(tree))->ages if(is.null(min.branch)) min(tree$edge.length)->min.branch ### Check data ### if(!all(colnames(dat)%in%c("bind","reference","poly"))) { if(any(is.na(as.logical(dat[,3])))) stop("Check columns order: it should be 'bind', 'reference', 'poly'") warning("Colnames not matching: columns assumed to be ordered as 'bind','reference','poly'",immediate. = TRUE) colnames(dat)<-c("bind","reference","poly") } ### Check for duplicated bind ### if(any(duplicated(dat$bind))) stop(paste(paste(dat$bind[duplicated(dat$bind)],collapse = ", "),"names duplicated in supplied tips")) if(!is.logical(dat$poly)) as.logical(dat$poly)->dat$poly data.frame(dat,bind.type=sapply(strsplit(dat[,1],"-"),length))->dat if(all(dat$bind.type==1)&(!is.null(tree2))) tree2<-NULL if(any(dat$bind%in%tree2$tip.label)) drop.tip(tree2,dat[which(dat$bind%in%tree2$tip.label),1])->tree2 dat$bind.tips<-NA if(all(dat$bind.type==1)) dat$bind.tips<-dat$bind else{ dat[which(dat$bind.type==2),]$bind.tips<-lapply(dat$bind[which(dat$bind.type==2)],function(x) tips(tree2,getMRCA(tree2,strsplit(x,"-")[[1]]))) if(any(is.na(dat$bind.tips))) dat[which(is.na(dat$bind.tips)),]$bind.tips<-dat[which(is.na(dat$bind.tips)),]$bind } if(!all(unlist(dat[which(dat$bind.type==2),]$bind.tips)%in%tree2$tip.label)){ stop(paste(paste(unlist(dat[which(dat$bind.type==2),]$bind.tips)[which( unlist(dat[which(dat$bind.type==2),]$bind.tips)%in%tree2$tip.label)], collapse=", "),"not in source.tree")) } if(!all(unlist(strsplit(dat$reference,"-"))%in%c(tree$tip.label,unlist(dat$bind.tips),tree2$tip.label))){ stop(paste(paste(unlist(strsplit(dat$reference,"-"))[which(!unlist(strsplit(dat$reference,"-"))%in%c(tree$tip.label,unlist(dat$bind.tips),tree2$tip.label))], collapse=","),"missing from the backbone, the source and the tips to be attached")) } ### bind already on the backbone ### if(any(dat$bind%in%tree$tip.label)){ warning(paste(paste(dat[which(dat$bind%in%tree$tip.label),1],collapse=", "),"removed from the backbone tree"),immediate. = TRUE) drop.tip(tree,dat[which(dat$bind%in%tree$tip.label),1])->tree } ### duplicated reference ### table(dat$reference)->tab.ref if(any(tab.ref>1)){ for(j in 1:length(which(tab.ref>1))){ dat[which(dat$reference==names(which(tab.ref>1)[j])),]->ref.mult if(any(isTRUE(ref.mult$poly))) ref.mult[-which(isTRUE(ref.mult$poly)),]->ref.mult paste(strsplit(ref.mult$reference[1],"-")[[1]][1],strsplit(ref.mult$bind[1],"-")[[1]][1],sep="-")->ref.mult$reference[-1] ref.mult[-1,]$poly<-TRUE dat[match(ref.mult$bind,dat$bind),]<-ref.mult } } ### ordering ### strsplit(dat$reference,"-")->refs dat$ref.tree1<-NA dat$ref.tree2<-NA lapply(refs,function(x){ if(length(x[which(!x%in%tree$tip.label)])<1) NA else x[which(!x%in%tree$tip.label)] })->ref.tree dat[which(is.na(ref.tree)),][order(dat[which(is.na(ref.tree)),]$bind.type),]$ref.tree1<-seq(1,length(which(is.na(ref.tree)))) if(any(which(!is.na(ref.tree)))){ dat[which(!is.na(ref.tree)),]->dat.new dat.new[,6:7]<-do.call(rbind,ref.tree[-which(is.na(ref.tree))]) if(any(dat.new[,6]%in%unlist(dat.new$bind.tips)|dat.new[,7]%in%unlist(dat.new$bind.tips))){ while(nrow(dat.new)>0){ which(!(dat.new[,6]%in%unlist(dat.new$bind.tips)|dat.new[,7]%in%unlist(dat.new$bind.tips)))->outs dat[match(dat.new[outs,1],dat[,1]),]$ref.tree1<-max(dat$ref.tree1,na.rm=TRUE)+1:length(outs) dat.new[-outs,]->dat.new } }else{ which(!(dat.new[,6]%in%unlist(dat.new$bind.tips)|dat.new[,7]%in%unlist(dat.new$bind.tips)))->outs dat[match(dat.new[outs,1],dat[,1]),]$ref.tree1<- max(dat$ref.tree1,na.rm=TRUE)+1:length(which(!dat.new$ref.tree1%in%dat.new[,1])) } } dat[order(dat$ref.tree1),]->dat if(!is.null(tree2)){ dat$MRCAbind<-NA sapply(dat[which(dat$bind.type==2),]$bind.tips,function(x) getMRCA(tree2,x))->dat$MRCAbind[which(dat$bind.type==2)] if(any(dat$bind.type==2)){ unlist(sapply(dat[which(dat$bind.type==2),]$MRCAbind,function(x) tree$tip.label[which(tree$tip.label%in%tips(tree2,x))]))->remt if(length(remt)>0){ drop.tip(tree,remt)->tree ages[-match(remt,names(ages))]->ages warning(paste(paste(remt,collapse=", "),"already on the source tree: removed from the backbone tree"),immediate. = TRUE) } } } ### binding ### for(k in 1:nrow(dat)){ if(length(strsplit(dat$reference,"-")[[k]])>1) getMRCA(tree,strsplit(dat$reference,"-")[[k]])->where.ref else which(tree$tip.label==strsplit(dat$reference,"-")[[k]])->where.ref if(where.ref!=(Ntip(tree)+1)) tree$edge.length[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref)]->br.len else{ if(is.null(tree$root.edge)) tree$root.edge<-mean(tree$edge.length) tree$root.edge->br.len } if(dat$bind.type[k]==1){ if(isTRUE(dat$poly[k])) 0->pos.ref else br.len/2->pos.ref bind.tip(tree,dat$bind[k],where.ref,position = pos.ref,edge.length =br.len/2)->tree }else{ extract.clade(tree2,dat$MRCAbind[k])->cla if(isTRUE(dat$poly[k])){ 0->pos.ref if((max(diag(vcv(cla)))+max(diag(vcv(cla)))/10)>(H-nodeHeights(tree)[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref),2])) rescale(cla,"depth",(H-nodeHeights(tree)[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref),2]+max(diag(vcv(cla)))/10))->cla cla$root.edge<-max(diag(vcv(cla)))/10 }else { if((max(diag(vcv(cla)))+br.len/2)>(H-nodeHeights(tree)[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref),1])){ rescale(cla,"depth",(H-nodeHeights(tree)[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref),2]))->cla pos.ref<-br.len/2 }else if((max(diag(vcv(cla)))+br.len/2)>(H-nodeHeights(tree)[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref),2])) (max(diag(vcv(cla)))+br.len/2)-(H-nodeHeights(tree)[which(tree$edge[,2]==where.ref),2])->pos.ref else br.len/2->pos.ref cla$root.edge<-br.len/2 } bind.tree(tree,cla,where=where.ref,position = pos.ref)->tree } } ### tips calibration ages ### if(is.null(tip.ages)){ rep(0,length(tree$tip.label))->tip.ages names(tip.ages)<-tree$tip.label tip.ages[match(names(ages),names(tip.ages))]<-ages }else{ if(!all(names(ages)%in%names(tip.ages))) c(ages[which(!names(ages)%in%names(tip.ages))],tip.ages)->tip.ages if(!all(tree$tip.label%in%names(tip.ages))){ rep(0,length(which(!tree$tip.label%in%names(tip.ages))))->tip.add names(tip.add)<-tree$tip.label[which(!tree$tip.label%in%names(tip.ages))] c(tip.ages,tip.add)->tip.ages } } ### nodes calibration ages ### if(!is.null(node.ages)){ sapply(names(node.ages),function(x){ getMRCA(tree,unlist(strsplit(x,"-"))) })->names(node.ages) }else{ node.ages<-c() } ### age original root ### if(!getMRCA(tree,names(ages))%in%names(node.ages)){ node.ages<-c(node.ages,H) names(node.ages)[length(node.ages)]<-getMRCA(tree,names(ages)) } ### time distances inside attached clades ### if(any(dat$bind.type==2)){ unlist(lapply(dat$MRCAbind[which(dat$bind.type==2)],function(x){ c(x,getDescendants(tree2,x)[which(getDescendants(tree2,x)>Ntip(tree2))])->des dist.nodes(tree2)->dn max(diag(vcv(tree2)))-dn[which(rownames(dn)==(Ntip(tree2)+1)),match(des,rownames(dn))]->dndes names(dndes)<-des dndes }))->ages.fix sapply(names(ages.fix),function(x) getMRCA(tree,tips(tree2,as.numeric(x))))->names(ages.fix) if(any(!names(ages.fix)%in%names(node.ages))) c(ages.fix[which(!names(ages.fix)%in%names(node.ages))],node.ages)->node.ages } if(max(diag(vcv(tree)))>H&&(!(Ntip(tree)+1)%in%names(node.ages))) warning(paste("Root age not indicated: the tree root arbitrarily set at",round(max(diag(vcv(tree))),2)),immediate.=TRUE) scaleTree(tree,node.ages=node.ages,tip.ages =tip.ages,min.branch=min.branch)->tree.final->tree.plot if(any(dat$bind.type==2)) lapply(dat$MRCAbind[which(dat$bind.type==2)],function(x) c(getMRCA(tree.plot,tips(tree2,x)),getDescendants(tree.plot,getMRCA(tree.plot,tips(tree2,x)))))->cla.plot else cla.plot<-c() c(which(tree.plot$tip.label%in%dat$bind[which(dat$bind.type==1)]),unlist(cla.plot))->all.plot # colo<-rep(scales::hue_pal()(2)[2],nrow(tree.plot$edge)) # colo[which(tree.plot$edge[,2]%in%all.plot)]<-scales::hue_pal()(2)[1] colo<-rep("gray60",nrow(tree.plot$edge)) colo[which(tree.plot$edge[,2]%in%all.plot)]<-"red" names(colo)<-tree.plot$edge[,2] par(mar=c(2,0,1,0)) plot(tree.plot,edge.color=colo,edge.width=1.5,tip.color=colo[which(tree.plot$edge[,2]<=Ntip(tree.plot))]) title(title) axisPhylo() return(tree.final) } suppressWarnings(tm(backbone=tree.back,data=dato,title="merged tree"))
As no tip.ages are supplied to tree.merger, all the new tips are placed at the maximum distance from the tree root. Since no age for the root of the merged tree is indicated, the function places it arbitrarly and produces a warning to inform the user about its position with respect to the youngest tip on the phylogeny.
To calibrate the the ages of either tips or nodes within the merged tree, the arguments tip.ages and node.ages must be indicated.
c(1,2,1.7,1.5,0.8,1.5,0.3,1.2,0.2)->ages.tip c("a7","a1","t6","a8","a6","a4","a2","a5","a3")->names(ages.tip) c(2.2,2.9,3.5)->ages.node c("t2-t1","a1-a8","a7-t10")->names(ages.node) ages.tip ages.node
tree.merger(backbone=tree.back,data=dato,tip.ages=ages.tip,node.ages = ages.node,plot=FALSE) suppressWarnings(tm(backbone=tree.back,data=dato,tip.ages=ages.tip,node.ages = ages.node,title="merged and calibrated tree"))
Attaching clades to the backbone tree{#clades}
When clades are attached, the nodes subtending to them on source.tree are identified as the most recent common ancestors of the tip pairs indicated in bind. If one or more tips within any of the bind clades are also set to be added as individual tips, they are removed from the clade they belong to and attached independently. In the example below, "s7" is removed from the clade subtended by the most recent common ancestor of "s1" and "s4" and attached as sister to "t3" independently.
set.seed(22) rtree(8,tip.label = paste("s",1:8,sep=""))->tree.source par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(2,0,1,0)) plot(tree.back,edge.width=1.8) title("backbone tree") axisPhylo() plot(tree.source,edge.width=1.8) title("source tree") axisPhylo() data.frame(bind=c("a1","s2-s5","s1-s4","s7","a2"), reference=c("s3","t10","t3-t9","t3","s2-t7"), poly=c(FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE))->dato.clade knitr::kable(dato.clade,align="c") %>% kable_styling(full_width = TRUE, position = "float_right") %>% add_header_above(c("dato.clade" = 3))
tree.merger(backbone=tree.back,data=dato.clade,source.tree=tree.source,plot=FALSE) tm(backbone=tree.back,data=dato.clade,source.tree=tree.source,title="merged tree")
Guided examples {#examples}
### load the RRphylo example dataset including Cetaceans tree data("DataCetaceans") DataCetaceans$treecet->treecet # phylogenetic tree ### Select two clades and some species to be removed tips(treecet,131)->liv.Mysticetes tips(treecet,193)->Delphininae c("Aetiocetus_weltoni","Saghacetus_osiris", "Zygorhiza_kochii","Ambulocetus_natans", "Kentriodon_pernix","Kentriodon_schneideri","Kentriodon_obscurus")->extinct plot(treecet,show.tip.label = FALSE,no.margin=TRUE) nodelabels(frame="n",col="blue",font=2,node=c(131,193),text=c("living\nMysticetes","Delphininae")) tiplabels(frame="circle",bg="red",cex=.3,text=rep("",length(c(liv.Mysticetes,Delphininae,extinct))), tip=which(treecet$tip.label%in%c(liv.Mysticetes,Delphininae,extinct))) ### Create the backbone and source trees drop.tip(treecet,c(liv.Mysticetes[-which(tips(treecet,131)%in% c("Caperea_marginata","Eubalaena_australis"))], Delphininae[-which(tips(treecet,193)=="Tursiops_aduncus")],extinct))->backtree drop.tip(treecet,which(!treecet$tip.label%in% c(liv.Mysticetes,Delphininae,extinct)))->sourcetree ### Create the data object data.frame(bind=c("Balaena_mysticetus-Caperea_marginata", "Aetiocetus_weltoni", "Saghacetus_osiris", "Zygorhiza_kochii", "Ambulocetus_natans", "Kentriodon_pernix", "Kentriodon_schneideri", "Kentriodon_obscurus", "Sousa_chinensis-Delphinus_delphis", "Kogia_sima", "Grampus_griseus"), reference=c("Fucaia_buelli-Aetiocetus_weltoni", "Aetiocetus_cotylalveus", "Fucaia_buelli-Tursiops_truncatus", "Saghacetus_osiris-Fucaia_buelli", "Dalanistes_ahmedi-Fucaia_buelli", "Kentriodon_schneideri", "Phocoena_phocoena-Delphinus_delphis", "Kentriodon_schneideri", "Sotalia_fluviatilis", "Kogia_breviceps", "Globicephala_melas-Pseudorca_crassidens"), poly=c(FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE))->dato knitr::kable(dato,align="c") %>% kable_styling(full_width = TRUE, position = "center") %>% add_header_above(c("dato" = 3))
### Merge the backbone and the source trees according to dat without calibrating tip and node ages tree.merger(backbone = backtree,data=dato,source.tree = sourcetree,plot=FALSE) ### Set tips and nodes calibration ages c(Aetiocetus_weltoni=28.0, Saghacetus_osiris=33.9, Zygorhiza_kochii=34.0, Ambulocetus_natans=40.4, Kentriodon_pernix=15.9, Kentriodon_schneideri=11.61, Kentriodon_obscurus=13.65)->tipages c("Ambulocetus_natans-Fucaia_buelli"=52.6, "Balaena_mysticetus-Caperea_marginata"=21.5)->nodeages ### Merge the backbone and the source trees and calibrate tips and nodes ages tree.merger(backbone = backtree,data=dato,source.tree = sourcetree, tip.ages=tipages,node.ages=nodeages,plot=FALSE)
scaleTree tool {#scaleTree}
The function scaleTree is a useful tool to deal with phylogenetic age calibration written around Gene Hunt's scalePhylo function (https://naturalhistory.si.edu/staff/gene-hunt). It rescales branches and leaves of the tree according to species and/or nodes calibration ages (meant as distance from the youngest tip within the tree).
If only species ages are supplied (argument tip.ages), the function changes leaves length, leaving node ages and internal branch lengths unaltered. When node ages are supplied (argument node.ages), the function shifts nodes position along their own branches while keeping other nodes and species positions unchanged.
library(ape) library(phytools) library(geiger) set.seed(14) DataFelids$treefel->tree tree$tip.label<-paste("t",seq(1:Ntip(tree)),sep="") max(nodeHeights(tree))->H sample(H-diag(vcv(tree)),8)->sp.ages sp.ages+tree$edge.length[match(match(names(sp.ages),tree$tip.label),tree$edge[,2])]/2->sp.ages sp.ages[c(3,7)]<-0 sp.ages scaleTree(tree,tip.ages=sp.ages)->treeS1 edge.col<-rep("gray60",nrow(tree$edge)) edge.col[which(treeS1$edge[,2]%in%match(names(sp.ages),tree$tip.label))]<-"blue" par(mfcol=c(2,2),mar=c(0.1,0.1,1,0.1)) plot(tree,edge.color = edge.col,edge.width=1.5,show.tip.label=F) title("original",cex.main=1.2) plot(treeS1,edge.color = edge.col,edge.width=1.5,show.tip.label=F) title("species ages rescaled",cex.main=1.2) set.seed(0) sample(seq((Ntip(tree)+2),(Nnode(tree)+Ntip(tree))),8)->nods H-dist.nodes(tree)[(Ntip(tree)+1),nods]->nod.ages sapply(1:length(nods),function(x) { H-dist.nodes(tree)[(Ntip(tree)+1),c(getMommy(tree,nods[x])[1],getDescendants(tree,nods[x])[1:2])]->par.ages nod.ages[x]+((min(abs(nod.ages[x]-par.ages))-0.2)*sample(c(-1,1),1)) })->nod.ages nod.ages scaleTree(tree,node.ages=nod.ages)->treeS2 treeS2->treeS1 unlist(lapply(1:length(nods), function(x) c(nods[x],getDescendants(tree,nods[x])[1:2])))->brcol edge.col<-rep("gray60",nrow(tree$edge)) edge.col[which(treeS1$edge[,2]%in%brcol)]<-"red" #par(mfrow=c(2,1),mar=c(0.1,0.1,1,0.1)) plot(tree,edge.color = edge.col,edge.width=1.5,show.tip.label=F) title("original",cex.main=1.2) plot(treeS1,edge.color = edge.col,edge.width=1.5,show.tip.label=F) title("node ages rescaled",cex.main=1.2)
It may happen that species and/or node ages to be calibrated are older than the age of their ancestors. In such cases, after moving the species (node) to its target age, the function reassembles the phylogeny above it by assigning the same branch length (set through the argument min.branch) to the all the branches along the species (node) path, so that the tree is well-conformed and ancestor-descendants relationships remain unchanged. In this way changes to the original tree topology only pertain to the path along the "calibrated" species.
H-dist.nodes(tree)[(Nnode(tree)+1),91]->sp.ages names(sp.ages)<-tree$tip.label[1] H-dist.nodes(tree)[(Nnode(tree)+1),164]->nod.ages names(nod.ages)<-96 c(sp.ages,nod.ages) scaleTree(tree,tip.ages = sp.ages,node.ages = nod.ages,min.branch = 1)->treeS par(mfrow=c(1,2)) plot(tree,edge.color = "gray40",show.tip.label=F,no.margin = TRUE,edge.width=1.5) plotinfo <- get("last_plot.phylo", envir = .PlotPhyloEnv) points(plotinfo$xx[1],plotinfo$yy[1],pch=16,col="blue",cex=1.2) points(plotinfo$xx[91],plotinfo$yy[1],pch=4,col="blue",cex=1.5,lwd=2) text("target age",x= plotinfo$xx[91]-1,y=plotinfo$yy[1],adj=1,col="blue",cex=0.8) points(plotinfo$xx[96],plotinfo$yy[96],pch=16,col="red",cex=1.2) points(plotinfo$xx[164],plotinfo$yy[96],pch=4,col="red",cex=1.5,lwd=2) text("target age",x= plotinfo$xx[164]-1,y=plotinfo$yy[96],adj=1,col="red",cex=0.8) edge.col<-rep("gray40",nrow(tree$edge)) edge.col[which(treeS$edge[,2]%in%c(1,getMommy(tree,1)))]<-"blue" edge.col[which(treeS$edge[,2]%in%c(94,95,96))]<-"red" plot(treeS,edge.color = edge.col,show.tip.label=F,no.margin = TRUE,edge.width=1.5) plotinfo <- get("last_plot.phylo", envir = .PlotPhyloEnv) points(plotinfo$xx[1],plotinfo$yy[1],pch=16,col="blue",cex=1.2) points(plotinfo$xx[96],plotinfo$yy[96],pch=16,col="red",cex=1.2)
Guided examples
# load the RRphylo example dataset including Felids tree data("DataFelids") DataFelids$treefel->tree # get species and nodes ages # (meant as distance from the youngest species, that is the Recent in this case) max(nodeHeights(tree))->H H-dist.nodes(tree)[(Ntip(tree)+1),(Ntip(tree)+1):(Ntip(tree)+Nnode(tree))]->age.nodes H-diag(vcv(tree))->age.tips # apply Pagel's lambda transformation to change node ages only geiger::rescale(tree,"lambda",0.8)->tree1 # apply scaleTree to the transformed phylogeny, by setting # the original ages at nodes as node.ages scaleTree(tree1,node.ages=age.nodes)->treeS1 par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(1,0.1,1,0.1),mgp=c(3,0.1,0.05)) plot(tree1,edge.color = "black",show.tip.label=F) axis(side=1,at=c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32),labels=rev(c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8) title("lambda rescaled",cex.main=1.2) plot(treeS1,edge.color = "black",show.tip.label=F) axis(side=1,at=c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32),labels=rev(c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8) title("scaleTree rescaled",cex.main=1.2) # change leaf length of 10 sampled species tree->tree2 set.seed(14) sample(tree2$tip.label,10)->sam.sp age.tips[sam.sp]->age.sam age.sam[which(age.sam>0.1)]<-age.sam[which(age.sam>0.1)]-1.5 age.sam[which(age.sam<0.1)]<-age.sam[which(age.sam<0.1)]+0.2 tree2$edge.length[match(match(sam.sp,tree$tip.label),tree$edge[,2])]<-age.sam # apply scaleTree to the transformed phylogeny, by setting # the original ages at sampled tips as tip.ages scaleTree(tree2,tip.ages=age.tips[sam.sp])->treeS2 edge.col<-rep("black",nrow(tree$edge)) edge.col[which(treeS2$edge[,2]%in%match(sam.sp,tree$tip.label))]<-"red" par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(1,0.1,1,0.1),mgp=c(3,0.1,0.05)) plot(tree2,edge.color = edge.col,show.tip.label=F) axis(side=1,at=c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32),labels=rev(c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8) title("leaves cut",cex.main=1.2) plot(treeS2,edge.color = edge.col,show.tip.label=F) axis(side=1,at=c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32),labels=rev(c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8) title("scaleTree rescaled",cex.main=1.2) # apply Pagel's kappa transformation to change both species and node ages, # including the age at the tree root geiger::rescale(tree,"kappa",0.5)->tree3 # apply scaleTree to the transformed phylogeny, by setting # the original ages at nodes as node.ages scaleTree(tree1,tip.ages = age.tips,node.ages=age.nodes)->treeS3 par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(1,0.1,1,0.1),mgp=c(3,0.1,0.05)) plot(tree3,edge.color = "black",show.tip.label=F) axisPhylo(tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8) title("kappa rescaled",cex.main=1.2) plot(treeS3,edge.color = "black",show.tip.label=F) axis(side=1,at=c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32),labels=rev(c(0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8) title("scaleTree rescaled",cex.main=1.2)
cutPhylo tool {#cutPhylo}
The function cutPhylo is meant to cut the phylogentic tree to remove all the tips and nodes younger than a reference (user-specified) age, which can also coincide with a specific node. When an entire clade is cut, the user can choose (by the argument keep.lineage) to keep its branch length as a tip of the new tree, or remove it completely.
DataFelids$treefel->tree max(nodeHeights(tree))->H par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(1,0.1,1.2,0.1),mgp=c(3,0.1,0.05)) plot(tree,show.tip.label=F) axis(side=1,at=seq(2,32,5),labels=rev(c(0,5,10,15,20,25,30)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8) abline(v=H-5,col="blue") title("original",cex.main=1.2) plot(tree,show.tip.label=F) axis(side=1,at=seq(2,32,5),labels=rev(c(0,5,10,15,20,25,30)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8) title("original",cex.main=1.2) points(plotinfo$xx[129],plotinfo$yy[129],pch=16,col="red",cex=1.2)
cutPhylo(tree,age=5,keep.lineage = TRUE) cutPhylo(tree,age=5,keep.lineage = FALSE)
par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(1,0.1,1.2,0.1),mgp=c(3,0.1,0.05)) age<-5 { distNodes(tree,(Ntip(tree)+1))->dN max(nodeHeights(tree))-age->cutT dN[,2]->dd dd[which(dd>=cutT)]->ddcut names(ddcut)->cutter ### Tips only ### tree->tt if(all(cutter%in%tree$tip.label)){ tt$edge.length[match(match(names(ddcut),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]<- tt$edge.length[match(match(names(ddcut),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]-(ddcut-cutT) #} }else{ ### Tips and nodes ### as.numeric(cutter[which(suppressWarnings(as.numeric(cutter))>Ntip(tree))])->cutn i=1 while(i<=length(cutn)){ if(any(cutn%in%getDescendants(tree,cutn[i]))) cutn[-which(cutn%in%getDescendants(tree,cutn[i]))]->cutn i=i+1 } tree->tt i=1 while(i<=length(cutn)){ getMRCA(tt,tips(tree,cutn[i]))->nn drop.clade(tt,tips(tt,nn))->tt tt$tip.label[which(tt$tip.label=="NA")]<-paste("l",i,sep="") i=i+1 } diag(vcv(tt))->times if(any(times>cutT)){ times[which(times>cutT)]->times tt$edge.length[match(match(names(times),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]<- tt$edge.length[match(match(names(times),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]-(times-cutT) } } tt->tt.age plot(tt,show.tip.label=FALSE) tiplabels(frame="n",col="blue",cex=.6,offset=0.5, tip=which(!tt$tip.label%in%tree$tip.label), text=tt$tip.label[which(!tt$tip.label%in%tree$tip.label)]) axis(side=1,at=seq(2,27,5),labels=rev(c(5,10,15,20,25,30)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8) title("cut at 5: keeping lineages",cex.main=1.2) drop.tip(tt.age,which(!tt.age$tip.label%in%tree$tip.label))->tt.age plot(tt.age,show.tip.label=FALSE) axis(side=1,at=seq(2,27,5),labels=rev(c(5,10,15,20,25,30)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8) title("cut at 5: removing lineages",cex.main=1.2) }
cutPhylo(tree,node=129,keep.lineage = TRUE) cutPhylo(tree,node=129,keep.lineage = FALSE)
node<-129 { distNodes(tree,(Ntip(tree)+1))->dN dN[match(node,rownames(dN)),2]->cutT dN[,2]->dd dd[which(dd>=cutT)]->ddcut names(ddcut)->cutter ### Tips only ### tree->tt if(all(cutter%in%tree$tip.label)){ tt$edge.length[match(match(names(ddcut),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]<- tt$edge.length[match(match(names(ddcut),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]-(ddcut-cutT) #} }else{ ### Tips and nodes ### as.numeric(cutter[which(suppressWarnings(as.numeric(cutter))>Ntip(tree))])->cutn i=1 while(i<=length(cutn)){ if(any(cutn%in%getDescendants(tree,cutn[i]))) cutn[-which(cutn%in%getDescendants(tree,cutn[i]))]->cutn i=i+1 } tree->tt i=1 while(i<=length(cutn)){ getMRCA(tt,tips(tree,cutn[i]))->nn drop.clade(tt,tips(tt,nn))->tt tt$tip.label[which(tt$tip.label=="NA")]<-paste("l",i,sep="") i=i+1 } diag(vcv(tt))->times if(any(times>cutT)){ times[which(times>cutT)]->times tt$edge.length[match(match(names(times),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]<- tt$edge.length[match(match(names(times),tt$tip.label),tt$edge[,2])]-(times-cutT) } } tt->tt.node par(mfrow=c(1,2),mar=c(1,0.1,1.2,0.1),mgp=c(3,0.1,0.05)) plot(tt,show.tip.label=FALSE) tiplabels(frame="n",col="red",cex=.6,offset=0.5, tip=which(!tt$tip.label%in%tree$tip.label), text=tt$tip.label[which(!tt$tip.label%in%tree$tip.label)]) axis(side=1,at=seq(2,23.5,5),labels=rev(c(10,15,20,25,30)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8) title("cut at node: keeping lineages",cex.main=1.2) drop.tip(tt.node,which(!tt.node$tip.label%in%tree$tip.label))->tt.node plot(tt.node,show.tip.label=FALSE) axis(side=1,at=seq(2,23.5,5),labels=rev(c(10,15,20,25,30)),tck=-0.02,cex.axis=0.8) title("cut at node: removing lineages",cex.main=1.2) }
fix.poly tool {#fix.poly}
The function fix.poly randomly resolves polytomies either at specified nodes or througout the tree (Castiglione et al. 2020). This latter feature works like ape's multi2di. However, contrary to the latter, polytomies are resolved to non-zero length branches, to provide credible partition of the evolutionary time among the nodes descending from the dichotomized node. This could be useful to gain realistic evolutionary rate estimates at applying RRphylo. Under the type = collapse specification the user is expected to indicate which node/s must be transformed into a multichotomus clade.
### load the RRphylo example dataset including Cetaceans tree data("DataCetaceans") DataCetaceans$treecet->treecet ### Resolve all the polytomies within Cetaceans phylogeny fix.poly(treecet,type="resolve")->treecet.fixed ## Set branch colors unlist(sapply(names(which(table(treecet$edge[,1])>2)),function(x) c(x,getDescendants(treecet,as.numeric(x)))))->tocolo unlist(sapply(names(which(table(treecet$edge[,1])>2)),function(x) c(getMRCA(treecet.fixed,tips(treecet,x)), getDescendants(treecet.fixed,as.numeric(getMRCA(treecet.fixed,tips(treecet,x)))))))->tocolo2 colo<-rep("gray60",nrow(treecet$edge)) names(colo)<-treecet$edge[,2] colo2<-rep("gray60",nrow(treecet.fixed$edge)) names(colo2)<-treecet.fixed$edge[,2] colo[match(tocolo,names(colo))]<-"red" colo2[match(tocolo2,names(colo2))]<-"red" par(mfrow=c(1,2)) plot(treecet,no.margin=TRUE,show.tip.label=FALSE,edge.color = colo,edge.width=1.3) plot(treecet.fixed,no.margin=TRUE,show.tip.label=FALSE,edge.color = colo2,edge.width=1.3) ### Resolve the polytomies pertaining the genus Kentriodon fix.poly(treecet,type="resolve",node=221)->treecet.fixed2 ## Set branch colors c(221,getDescendants(treecet,as.numeric(221)))->tocolo c(getMRCA(treecet.fixed2,tips(treecet,221)), getDescendants(treecet.fixed2,as.numeric(getMRCA(treecet.fixed2,tips(treecet,221)))))->tocolo2 colo<-rep("gray60",nrow(treecet$edge)) names(colo)<-treecet$edge[,2] colo2<-rep("gray60",nrow(treecet.fixed2$edge)) names(colo2)<-treecet.fixed2$edge[,2] colo[match(tocolo,names(colo))]<-"red" colo2[match(tocolo2,names(colo2))]<-"red" par(mfrow=c(1,2)) plot(treecet,no.margin=TRUE,show.tip.label=FALSE,edge.color = colo,edge.width=1.3) plot(treecet.fixed2,no.margin=TRUE,show.tip.label=FALSE,edge.color = colo2,edge.width=1.3) ### Collapse Delphinidae into a polytomous clade fix.poly(treecet,type="collapse",node=179)->treecet.collapsed # Set branch colors c(179,getDescendants(treecet,as.numeric(179)))->tocolo c(getMRCA(treecet.collapsed,tips(treecet,179)), getDescendants(treecet.collapsed,as.numeric(getMRCA(treecet.collapsed,tips(treecet,179)))))->tocolo2 colo<-rep("gray60",nrow(treecet$edge)) names(colo)<-treecet$edge[,2] colo2<-rep("gray60",nrow(treecet.collapsed$edge)) names(colo2)<-treecet.collapsed$edge[,2] colo[match(tocolo,names(colo))]<-"red" colo2[match(tocolo2,names(colo2))]<-"red" par(mfrow=c(1,2)) plot(treecet,no.margin=TRUE,show.tip.label=FALSE,edge.color = colo,edge.width=1.3) plot(treecet.collapsed,no.margin=TRUE,show.tip.label=FALSE,edge.color = colo2,edge.width=1.3)
References
Castiglione, S., Serio, C., Piccolo, M., Mondanaro, A., Melchionna, M., Di Febbraro, M., Sansalone, G., Wroe, S.,& Raia, P. (2020). The influence of domestication, insularity and sociality on the tempo and mode of brain size evolution in mammals. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, in press.
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