Description Details Author(s) Examples
The vegan package provides tools for descriptive community ecology. It has most basic functions of diversity analysis, community ordination and dissimilarity analysis. Most of its multivariate tools can be used for other data types as well.
The functions in the vegan package contain tools for
diversity analysis (see vignette
vegandocs("diversity")
), ordination and analysis of
dissimilarities (see vignette
vegandocs("intro")
). Together with the labdsv package,
the vegan package provides most standard tools of descriptive
community analysis. Package ade4 provides an alternative
comprehensive package, and several other packages complement
vegan and provide tools for deeper analysis in specific
fields. Package BiodiversityR provides a GUI for a large subset
of vegan functionality.
The vegan package is developed at R-Forge (http://vegan.r-forge.r-project.org). The R-Forge provides up-to-date information and mailing lists for help queries and bug reports. Bug reports can also be emailed to the function authors or to the package maintainers.
The vegan documents can be read with vegandocs
function. In addition to vignette
s of basic usage, you
can read NEWS
on the new features and bug fixes in the release
version (vegandocs("NEWS")
), and more technical and fine
grained ChangeLog
(vegandocs("Change")
). Several
frequently asked questions really are answered in the vegan FAQ
(vegandocs("FAQ")
). The discussion on design decisions can be
read with vegandocs("decision")
. A tutorial of the package at
http://cc.oulu.fi/~jarioksa/opetus/metodi/vegantutor.pdf
provides a more thorough introduction to the package.
To see the preferable citation of the package, type
citation("vegan")
.
The vegan development team is Jari Oksanen, F. Guillaume Blanchet, Roeland Kindt, Pierre Legendre, Peter R. Minchin, R. B. O'Hara, Gavin L. Simpson, Peter Solymos, M. Henry H. Stevens, Helene Wagner. Many other people have contributed to individual functions: see credits in function help pages.
The maintainers at the R-Forge are Jari Oksanen <jari.oksanen@oulu.fi> and Gavin Simpson <gavin.simpson@ucl.ac.uk>.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 | ### Example 1: Unconstrained ordination
## NMDS
data(varespec)
data(varechem)
ord <- metaMDS(varespec)
plot(ord, type = "t")
## Fit environmental variables
ef <- envfit(ord, varechem)
ef
plot(ef, p.max = 0.05)
### Example 2: Constrained ordination (RDA)
## The example uses formula interface to define the model
data(dune)
data(dune.env)
## No constraints: PCA
mod0 <- rda(dune ~ 1, dune.env)
mod0
plot(mod0)
## All environmental variables: Full model
mod1 <- rda(dune ~ ., dune.env)
mod1
plot(mod1)
## Automatic selection of variables by permutation P-values
mod <- ordistep(mod0, scope=formula(mod1))
mod
plot(mod)
## Permutation test for all variables
anova(mod)
## Permutation test of "type III" effects, or significance when a term
## is added to the model after all other terms
anova(mod, by = "margin")
## Plot only sample plots, use different symbols and draw SD ellipses
## for Managemenet classes
plot(mod, display = "sites", type = "n")
with(dune.env, points(mod, disp = "si", pch = as.numeric(Management)))
with(dune.env, legend("topleft", levels(Management), pch = 1:4,
title = "Management"))
with(dune.env, ordiellipse(mod, Management, label = TRUE))
## add fitted surface of diversity to the model
ordisurf(mod, diversity(dune), add = TRUE)
### Example 3: analysis of dissimilarites a.k.a. non-parametric
### permutational anova
adonis(dune ~ ., dune.env)
adonis(dune ~ Management + Moisture, dune.env)
|
Add the following code to your website.
For more information on customizing the embed code, read Embedding Snippets.