View source: R/one_way_anova.R
hanova1 | R Documentation |
Produces random samples from the posterior distribution of the parameters of a 1-way hierarchical ANOVA model.
hanova1(n = 1000, resp, fac, ..., prior = "default", hpars = NULL, param = c("trans", "original"), init = NULL, mu0 = 0, sigma0 = Inf, nrep = NULL)
n |
A numeric scalar. The size of posterior sample required. |
resp |
A numeric vector. Response values. |
fac |
A vector of class factor indicating the group from
which the corresponding element of |
... |
Optional further arguments to be passed to
|
prior |
The log-prior for the parameters of the hyperprior
distribution. If the user wishes to specify their own prior then
|
hpars |
A numeric vector. Used to set parameters (if any) in
an in-built prior. If |
param |
A character scalar.
If |
init |
A numeric vector. Optional initial estimates sent to
|
mu0, sigma0 |
A numeric scalar. Mean and standard deviation of a
normal prior for μ. Only used if an in-built prior is used
or if |
nrep |
A numeric scalar. If |
Consider I independent experiments in which the ni responses
yi from experiment/group i are normally
distributed with mean θ i and standard deviation σ.
The population parameters θ1, ...,
θI are modelled as random samples from a normal
distribution with mean μ and standard deviation
σ_α. Let φ = (μ, σ_α, σ).
Conditionally on θ1, ..., θI,
y1, ..., yI
are independent of each other and are independent of φ.
A hyperprior is placed on φ.
The user can either choose parameter values of a default hyperprior or
specify their own hyperprior using set_user_prior
.
The ru
function in the rust
package is used to draw a random sample from the marginal posterior
of the hyperparameter vector φ.
Then, conditional on these values, population parameters are sampled
directly from the conditional posterior density of
θ1, ..., θI given φ and the data.
See the vignette("bang-c-anova-vignette", package = "bang")
for details.
The following priors are specified up to proportionality.
Priors:
prior = "bda"
(the default):
π(μ, σ_α, σ) = 1/σ,
that is, a uniform prior for (μ, σ_α, log σ),
for σ_α > 0 and σ > 0.
The data must contain at least 3 groups, that is, fac
must have
at least 3 levels, for a proper posterior density to be obtained.
[See Sections 5.7 and 11.6 of Gelman et al. (2014).]
prior = "unif"
:
π(μ, σ_α, σ) = 1,
that is, a uniform prior for (μ, σ_α, σ),
for σ_α > 0 and σ > 0.
[See Section 11.6 of Gelman et al. (2014).]
prior = "cauchy"
: independent half-Cauchy priors for
σ_α and σ with respective scale parameters
A_α and A, that is,
π(σ_α, σ) =
1 / [(1 + σ_α^2 / A_α^2) (1 + σ^2 / A^2)].
[See Gelman (2006).] The scale parameters (A_α, A)
are specified using hpars
= (A_α, A).
The default setting is hpars = c(10, 10).
Parameterizations for sampling:
param = "original"
is (μ, σ_α, σ),
param = "trans"
(the default) is
φ1 = μ, φ2 = log σ_α, φ3 = log σ.
An object (list) of class "hef"
, which has the same
structure as an object of class "ru" returned from ru
.
In particular, the columns of the n
-row matrix sim_vals
contain the simulated values of φ.
In addition this list contains the arguments model
, resp
,
fac
and prior
detailed above and an n
by I
matrix theta_sim_vals
: column i contains the simulated
values of θi. Also included are
data = cbind(resp, fac)
and summary_stats
a list
containing: the number of groups I
; the numbers of responses
each group ni
; the total number of observations; the sample mean
response in each group; the sum of squared deviations from the
group means s
; the arguments to hanova1
mu0
and
sigma0
; call
: the matched call to hanova1
.
Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S. Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. and Rubin, D. B. (2014) Bayesian Data Analysis. Chapman & Hall / CRC.
Gelman, A. (2006) Prior distributions for variance parameters in hierarchical models. Bayesian Analysis, 1(3), 515-533. https://doi.org/10.1214/06-BA117A.
The ru
function in the rust
package for details of the arguments that can be passed to ru
via
hanova1
.
hef
for hierarchical exponential family models.
set_user_prior
to set a user-defined prior.
# ======= Late 21st Century Global Temperature Data ======= # Extract data for RCP2.6 RCP26_2 <- temp2[temp2$RCP == "rcp26", ] # Sample from the posterior under the default `noninformative' flat prior # for (mu, sigma_alpha, log(sigma)). Ratio-of-uniforms is used to sample # from the marginal posterior for (log(sigma_alpha), log(sigma)). temp_res <- hanova1(resp = RCP26_2[, 1], fac = RCP26_2[, 2]) # Plot of sampled values of (sigma_alpha, sigma) plot(temp_res, params = "ru") # Plot of sampled values of (log(sigma_alpha), log(sigma)) # (centred at (0,0)) plot(temp_res, ru_scale = TRUE) # Plot of sampled values of (mu, sigma_alpha, sigma) plot(temp_res) # Estimated marginal posterior densities of the mean for each GCM plot(temp_res, params = "pop", which_pop = "all", one_plot = TRUE) # Posterior sample quantiles probs <- c(2.5, 25, 50, 75, 97.5) / 100 round(t(apply(temp_res$sim_vals, 2, quantile, probs = probs)), 2) # Ratio-of-uniforms information and posterior sample summaries summary(temp_res) # ======= Coagulation time data, from Table 11.2 Gelman et al (2014) ======= # With only 4 groups the posterior for sigma_alpha has a heavy right tail if # the default `noninformative' flat prior for (mu, sigma_alpha, log(sigma)) # is used. If we try to sample from the marginal posterior for # (sigma_alpha, sigma) using the default generalized ratio-of-uniforms # runing parameter value r = 1/2 then the acceptance region is not bounded. # Two remedies: reparameterize the posterior and/or increase the value of r. # (log(sigma_alpha), log(sigma)) parameterization, ru parameter r = 1/2 coag1 <- hanova1(resp = coagulation[, 1], fac = coagulation[, 2]) # (sigma_alpha, sigma) parameterization, ru parameter r = 1 coag2 <- hanova1(resp = coagulation[, 1], fac = coagulation[, 2], param = "original", r = 1) # Values to compare to those in Table 11.3 of Gelman et al (2014) all1 <- cbind(coag1$theta_sim_vals, coag1$sim_vals) all2 <- cbind(coag2$theta_sim_vals, coag2$sim_vals) round(t(apply(all1, 2, quantile, probs = probs)), 1) round(t(apply(all2, 2, quantile, probs = probs)), 1) # Pairwise plots of posterior samples from the group means plot(coag1, which_pop = "all", plot_type = "pairs") # Independent half-Cauchy priors for sigma_alpha and sigma coag3 <- hanova1(resp = coagulation[, 1], fac = coagulation[, 2], param = "original", prior = "cauchy", hpars = c(10, 1e6))
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