ecole: ecole: School of Ecology Package

#' @name veg
#' @title Mafragh, Algeria vegetation data
#' @aliases veg
#' @docType data
#' @description This data set gives information about spatial coordinates,
#' species, environment, traits, and phylogeny.
#'
#' @format A list containing:\cr - \code{xy}  97 observations of 2 spatial
#'   coordinates,\cr - \code{spe} 97 observations of 56 plant species,\cr -
#'   \code{env} 347 observations of 11 soil enviro variables,\cr - \code{tra} 12
#'   traits for 56 plant species,\cr - \code{phy} phylogeny for 56 plant
#'   species.
#'
#' @details
#'
#' ### Study area description
#'
#' The Mafragh plain is in El Tarf Province of far northeast Algeria
#' (36.84704 N, 7.9450 E).  According to documentation in R
#' package `ade4`:
#'
#' "This marshy coastal plain is a geomorphological feature, east of Port of
#' Annaba, limited to the north by the Mediterranean Sea and a dune cordon, to
#' the south by clay-sandstone Numidian massifs, to the west by a wadi and to
#' East by an irrigated perimeter. It covers 15,000 ha of which 10,000 form the
#' area of study."
#'
#' Potential human pressures include grazing, irrigation and salination,
#' plowing, and housing development.  Its Köppen climate type is "Csa:
#' Hot-summer Mediterranean climate".
#'
#' ### History of the Mafragh dataset
#'
#' The data originate from the field studies of Prof. Gérard de Bélair of Annaba
#' in northeast Algeria.  Born in France, de Bélair became a missionary priest
#' in 1969 shortly after Algeria's independence, then an agronomist during the
#' Agrarian Revolution, then a botanist, then professor, then conservationist
#' (according to his [lay](http://gdebelair.com/itineraire.html) and
#' [clergy](https://www.visages-diocese-autun.fr/visage/de-belair-gerard/)
#' accounts).  As of 2021, he continues to actively publish on the vegetation of
#' northern Algeria.
#'
#' We should recognize the colonialist legacies that brought us here.  France
#' controlled Algeria from 1830 until its independence in 1962.  Prior to that,
#' Algeria was occupied by Ottoman Turks, Spaniards, Arab Muslims,
#' Berber/Amazigh, Romans, Phoenicians, and prehistoric occupants dating to at
#' least 1.8 million years ago.  We may speculate that the region's vegetation
#' and cultural histories have been closely intertwined.
#'
#' The data were included in early versions of the `ade4` software (Dray and
#' Dufour 2007) which itself has its roots at Université Lyon 1, France.  The
#' present data are lightly modified from Appendix S4 of Pavoine et al. (2011),
#' who also added a phylogeny.
#'
#' @source Lightly modified from Pavoine et al. (2011), but the dataset has its
#'   origins in the works of de Bélair (1981; 1987; 1991), and later included in
#'   R package `ade4` (Dray and Dufour 2007).
#'
#' @references
#'
#' de Bélair, G. 1981. Biogéographie et aménagement de la Plaine de la Mafragh
#' (Annaba - Algérie) *Biogeography and development of the Mafragh Plain
#' (Annaba, Algeria)*. Dissertation, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier.
#' http://www.sudoc.fr/00871262X
#'
#' de Bélair, G. 1990. Structure, fonctionnement et perspectives de gestion de
#' quatre écocomplexes lacustres et marécageux (El Kala, Est-Algérien)
#' *Structure, function and management perspectives of four lake and marsh
#' eco-complexes (El Kala, East Algeria)*. Dissertation, Université des sciences
#' et techniques de Montpellier 2. http://www.sudoc.fr/007729197
#'
#' de Bélair, G. and M. Bencheikh-Lehocine. 1987. Composition et déterminisme de
#' la végétation d'une plaine côtière marécageuse: La Mafragh (Annaba, Algérie)
#' *Composition and determinism of the vegetation of a marshy coastal plain: La
#' Mafragh (Annaba, Algeria)*. Bulletin d'Ecologie, 18(4): 393–407.
#'
#' Dray, S. and A. Dufour. 2007. The `ade4` package: implementing the duality
#' diagram for ecologists. Journal of Statistical Software 22(4): 1-20.
#' [doi:10.18637/jss.v022.i04](https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v022.i04)
#'
#' Pavoine, S., Vela, E., Gachet, S., de Bélair, G. and Bonsall, M. B. 2011.
#' Linking patterns in phylogeny, traits, abiotic variables and space: a novel
#' approach to linking environmental filtering and plant community assembly.
#' Journal of Ecology 99: 165–175.
#' [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01743.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01743.x)
#'
#' @seealso \code{mafragh} in R package \code{ade4}.
#'
#' @examples
#' data(veg)
#' xy  <- veg$xy    # spatial
#' spe <- veg$spe   # species
#' env <- veg$env   # environment
#' tra <- veg$tra   # traits
#' phy <- veg$phy   # phylogeny
#'
#' @keywords datasets
"veg"